Question 1

A nerve that contains norepinephrine is what type of neuron?&#10;A) Cholinergic&#10;B) Dopaminergic&#10;C) Muscarinic&#10;D) Adrenergic&#10;

Accepted Answer

A nerve that contains norepinephrine is called an adrenergic neuron.

Question 2

The nurse expects a client taking an adrenergic agent to experience which of the following effects?&#10;A) Miosis&#10;B) Bronchoconstriction&#10;C) Decreased gastrointestinal motility&#10;D) Cardiac inhibition&#10;

Accepted Answer

Adrenergic agents stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to effects such as increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and decreased gastrointestinal motility.

Question 3

The nurse is aware that a client having surgery on which of the following organs is at risk for unstable blood pressure postoperatively because of local effects on catecholamines?&#10;A) Adrenal gland&#10;B) Thyroid gland&#10;C) Pituitary gland&#10;D) Parathyroid gland&#10;

Accepted Answer

The adrenal gland produces catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which affect blood pressure. Surgery on the adrenal gland can cause local effects that may lead to unstable blood pressure postoperatively.

Question 4

A client has a decline in blood pressure.The nurse is aware that what area of the brain will attempt to compensate for this change with internal feedback mechanisms?&#10;A) Pons&#10;B) Medulla&#10;C) Cerebellum&#10;D) Reticular activating system&#10;

Accepted Answer

The medulla is responsible for regulating blood pressure through internal feedback mechanisms such as vasoconstriction and dilation, as well as adjusting heart rate. The pons is involved in regulating breathing, the cerebellum is involved in coordination of movement, and the reticular activating system is responsible for regulating consciousness and arousal.

Question 5

Which of the following would not occur as a result of administration of a cholinergic drug?&#10;A) Bronchoconstriction&#10;B) Bradycardia&#10;C) Mydriasis&#10;D) Glycogen synthesis&#10;

Accepted Answer

Cholinergic drugs mimic the action of acetylcholine and typically cause effects such as bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, and increased glandular secretion. Mydriasis, or dilation of the pupils, is not a result of cholinergic drug action but rather of adrenergic stimulation.

Question 6

Neurons that release acetylcholine are called&#10;A) adrenergic neurons.&#10;B) cholinergic neurons.&#10;C) sympathetic neurons.&#10;D) synaptic neurons.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Neurons that release acetylcholine are known as cholinergic neurons.

Question 7

Which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for mobilization during emergency and stress situations?&#10;A) The cholinergic system&#10;B) The parasympathetic system&#10;C) The sympathetic system&#10;D) The preganglionic system&#10;

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic system is responsible for mobilization during emergency and stress situations, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. It increases heart rate, dilates the pupils, and releases adrenaline to prepare the body for physical activity. The cholinergic and parasympathetic systems, on the other hand, are responsible for rest and digestion. The preganglionic system refers to the nerves that carry signals from the spinal cord to the ganglia, but it is not specific to any one subdivision of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 8

Which of the following substances found in the body is not considered a catecholamine?&#10;A) Norepinephrine&#10;B) Epinephrine&#10;C) Acetylcholine&#10;D) Dopamine&#10;

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is not a catecholamine. Catecholamines are a class of neurotransmitters and hormones that include norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. Acetylcholine, on the other hand, is a different type of neurotransmitter that is involved in many bodily functions, including muscle movement, memory, and autonomic nervous system regulation.

Question 9

A client has an increase in blood pressure and cardiac output after receiving epinephrine.The nurse interprets that the change in assessment data is a result of the drug's action on which of the following receptors in the client's body?

A)

\alpha

₁ receptors
B)

\beta

₁ receptors
C)

\beta

₂ receptors
D) D₁ receptors

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine primarily acts on beta receptors (β1 and β2) in the body, leading to an increase in blood pressure and cardiac output. Option A and C refer to alpha (α) and beta (β) receptors, but option C has an incorrect receptor subtype (it should be β2 instead of β12). Option D is unclear and does not specify which type of receptors are being referred to.

Question 10

An example of a cholinergic receptor site stimulated by acetylcholine is a(n)&#10;A) adrenergic receptor.&#10;B) norepinephrine receptor.&#10;C) dopamine receptor.&#10;D) nicotinic receptor.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptors are cholinergic receptor sites that are stimulated by acetylcholine. Adrenergic receptors are stimulated by norepinephrine, and dopamine receptors are stimulated by dopamine.

Deck 20: Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System