Deck 3: Leadership Behavior and Motivation

Question 1

As a manager wanting to motivate your employees,you know that motivating followers starts with understanding their needs or wants.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two Factor Theory are content motivation theories which focus on how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs.

Answer 2

False
Explanation:It is true, these are content motivation theories but the focus is on explaining and predicting behavior based on employee need motivation.

Question 3

Like traits,a person's motives can be observed.

Answer 3

False
Explanation:Neither motives nor traits can be observed.

Question 4

Job-centered leaders are sensitive to subordinates,communicate to develop trust,support,and respect,and look out for their welfare.

Question 5

Process motivation theories focus on explaining and predicting behavior based on people's needs.

Question 6

For the most part,we tend to seek job satisfacation as we satisfy our self-interest.

Question 7

Examples of Herzberg's intrinsic motivators are pay,job security,and benefits.

Question 8

The high-high leader has concern for both production and people,which is also called the team leadership style.

Question 9

Thirst (need)leading to the drive (motive)to get something to drink (behavior),and the drink quenching (consequence and satisfaction)your thirst is a valid example of the motivation process.

Question 10

For most criteria of leader effectiveness,the Ohio State and University of Michigan leadership models have confirmed that there is one leadership style that works well across all situations.

Question 11

Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,a major recommendation to leaders is to meet employees' higher level needs first.

Question 12

Acquired needs theory proposes that people are motivated by their need for achievement,power,and affiliation.

Question 13

Through the motivation process,employees go from motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Question 14

According to studies at The University of Iowa,leadership styles include autocratic,democratic,and participative.

Question 15

It is easy to know why people behave the way that they do because people do the same things for the same reasons.

Question 16

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory proposes that people will not be motivated to satisfy a higher level of need unless the lower-level needs are satisfied to some degree.

Question 17

Of traits,skills,and behavior,the important component of leadership style is behavior.

Question 18

The country-club leader strives to maintain a friendly atmosphere without regard for production.

Question 19

The primary reason people do what they do is to meet their needs or wants.

Question 20

Herzberg contends that providing maintenance factors will make employees satisfied or motivate them.

Question 21

When employees perceive inequity from being under-rewarded,they are demotivated.

Question 22

Avoidance reinforcement is the least effective method in motivating employees.

Question 23

Ratios are generally better motivators than intervals.

Question 24

The group of motivation theories are complementary; each group of theories refers to a different stage in the motivation process or answers a different question.

Question 25

"You're a good worker" is an effective statement for giving praise.

Question 26

Expectancy theory proposes that people are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task,they will get the reward,and the rewards for doing the task are worth the effort.

Question 27

Giving employees a paycheck every week is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule.

Question 28

To motivate employees with a high n Ach,a manager should assign them routine tasks with vague goals and objectives to encourage them to put out more effort.

Question 29

When goal setting,the best strategy is to rely on willpower to achieve the goal.

Question 30

Reinforcement theory uses behavior modification and operant conditioning.

Question 31

The University of Iowa studies led to an era of ____ research.

A)behavioral
B)trait
C)personality
D)participation

Question 32

The three process motivation theories are equity theory,hierarchy of needs theory,and expectancy theory.

Question 33

"To increase sales by 50 percent and decrease turnover by 25 percent in 2011" is an effective objective.

Question 34

Goal-setting theory proposes that individuals perform better with easy objectives rather than challenging objectives.

Question 35

According to the University of Iowa studies on leadership styles,a democratic leader:

A)closely supervises workers.
B)makes the decisions.
C)tells employees what to do.
D)works with employees to determine what to do.

Question 36

An example of avoidance reinforcement is a manager or team leader ignoring an employee who arrives late for a meeting.

Question 37

Instrumentality refers to belief that the performance will result in getting the reward.

Question 38

With a continuous schedule of reinforcement,each and every desired behavior is reinforced.

Question 39

Reinforcement theory proposes that through the consequences for behavior,people will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.

Question 40

When employees believe that inequity exists from being over-rewarded,they tend to work harder.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a category of needs in the acquired needs theory?

A)Success.
B)Power.
C)Achievement.
D)Affiliation.

Question 42

The Leadership Grid identifies all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT:

A)impoverished.
B)authority-compliance.
C)country-club.
D)end-of the road.

Question 43

All of the following are considered extrinsic motivators in Herzberg's two-factor theory EXCEPT:

A)weekly paycheck.
B)finge benefits.
C)the work itself.
D)the working conditions.

Question 44

The ____ leader has low concern for both people and production.

A)middle-of-the-road
B)authority-compliance
C)country-club
D)impoverished

Question 45

____ is credited as being the first to identify the participative leadership style that is commonly used today.

A)Maslow
B)Vroom
C)Herzberg
D)Likert

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major assumptions that Abraham Maslow based his hierarchy of needs theory on?

A)People's needs are arranged in order of importance going from basic to complex needs.
B)People will not be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need unless the lower-level need(s) has been at least minimally satisfied.
C)Both met and unmet needs motivate.
D)People have five classifications of needs.

Question 47

The process of building motivators into the job itself by making it more interesting and challenging is known as:

A)job enlargement.
B)job enrichment.
C)job enhancement.
D)job performance.

Question 48

In an extensive empirical research study testing the outcomes of the high-high leader, Blake and Mouton claim that team leadership usually result in all of the following EXCEPT:

A)low absenteeism.
B)improved performance.
C)empowerment.
D)low turnover.

Question 49

Through the motivation process,people go from:

A)motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
B)need to motive to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
C)behavior to motive to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
D)motive to behavior to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

Question 50

To motivate his highest performers,a manager gives his highest performer each month an "Employee of the Month" award and a parking space next to his.Of what motivational theory is this an example?

A)Goal-setting.
B)Equity.
C)Expectancy.
D)Reinforcement .

Question 51

Based on extensive research,Blake and Mouton would expect the best performance from a firm whose leadership:

A)displays an ultimate priority of meeting employees' needs.
B)sets the highest priority on task completion.
C)puts a balanced and moderate managerial effort between meeting employees' needs and task completion.
D)puts the highest priority on both meeting employees' needs and task completion.

Question 52

According to the Ohio State University studies on leadership styles,the leadership style that emphasizes task completion is ____.

A)initiating structure
B)democratic leadership
C)consideration
D)autocratic leadership

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT one of the contributions of behavioral leadership theory?

A)The manager does not have to perform both production and people functions.
B)It led to the shift in paradigm to contingency leadership theory.
C)Organizations need both production and people leadership.
D)Task and relationship behavior tend to correlate strongly with subordinate performance.

Question 54

The Leadership Grid is based on two leadership dimensions called:

A)concern for production and concern for people.
B)concern for profit and concern for productivity.
C)autocratic and democratic.
D)job-centered and employee-centered.

Question 55

Physiological needs include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)adequate salary.
B)breaks.
C)working conditions.
D)fringe benefits.

Question 56

Leaders who often use one-way communications can be defined by the Ohio State University model as which of the following?

A)Low structure, high consideration.
B)Low structure, low consideration.
C)High structure, high consideration.
D)High structure, low consideration.

Question 57

Two-factor theory proposes that employees are motivated more by ____ than by _____ .

A)motivators, maintenance factors
B)pay, achievement
C)job security, recognition
D)working conditions, advancement

Question 58

A ____ leader has concern for both production and people; this is the team leadership style.

A)low-high
B)low-low
C)high-high
D)high-low

Question 59

The manager of a multinational firm operating in a developing country noticed that local employees had at length recently met their physiological and safety needs.According to the hierarchy of needs theory,the next level of motivation would be met by the promise of:

A)pay related to piecework.
B)heightened security.
C)vacation days.
D)a group picnic.

Question 60

All of the following are levels of needs in the hierarchy of needs theory EXCEPT:

A)physiological.
B)safety.
C)social.
D)psychological.

Question 61

Fines and demotions are examples of which type of reinforcement?

A)Positive.
B)Avoidance.
C)Punishment.
D)Extinction.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT an example of an effective objective?

A)To find a job and new apartment this summer.
B)To sell 50 magazines during the month of March.
C)To finish writing my term paper for English 101 by the end of this weekend.
D)To increase sales in the U.S.by 30 percent in 2011.

Question 63

As a manager who practices reinforcement theory,you know that ____ is the least effective method in motivating employees to do a good job.

A)positive reinforcement
B)avoidance reinforcement
C)extinction
D)punishment

Question 64

To motivate employees with a high n Aff,you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)try to include them in decision making.
B)delegate responsibility for orienting and training new employees to them.
C)give them lots of praise and recognition.
D)let them work as part of a team.

Question 65

The expectancy theory is based on which of the following assumption?

A)People generally have the same needs, desires, and goals.
B)Behavior is the individual's decision.
C)People make behavior decisions based on their attitudes and beliefs.
D)Only unmet needs motivate.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement?

A)Positive.
B)Extinction.
C)Continuous.
D)Avoidance.

Question 67

____ theory proposes that people are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

A)Equity
B)Reinforcement
C)Expectancy
D)Goal-setting

Question 68

Giving a bonus after workers produce at a standard rate is an example of a ____ schedule.

A)fixed-interval
B)variable-interval
C)fixed-ratio
D)variable-ratio

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT a criteria for writing an effective objective?

A)An action verb.
B)A singular, specific, and measurable result to be achieved.
C)A target date.
D)A plan of action.

Question 70

Which of the following is a content motivation theory?

A)Goal-setting theory.
B)Equity theory.
C)Expectancy theory.
D)Acquired needs theory.

Question 71

Last year sales team Bravo was worst in its company,having been outperformed by six other teams.This year,the new team manager for Bravo believes that the team might make a third-place finish if he sets difficult,challenging goals for them.This is an example of which of the following motivational theories?

A)Expectancy theory.
B)Hierarchy of needs theory.
C)Goal-setting theory.
D)Reinforcement theory.

Question 72

According to expectancy theory,_______ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective.

A)expectancy
B)instrumentality
C)valence
D)capability

Question 73

With a(n)____ schedule of reinforcement,each and every desired behavior is reinforced.

A)continuous
B)intermittent
C)ratio
D)interval

Question 74

____ theory proposes that through the consequences for behavior,people will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.

A)Equity
B)Goal-setting
C)Expectancy
D)Reinforcement

Question 75

The manager who believes that employees work harder if they get a written reprimand as soon as they slow down at work is attempting to practice:

A)expectancy theory.
B)hygienic motivation.
C)intrinsic motivation.
D)reinforcement.

Question 76

John really wants a promotion and believes that he has a high probability of earning the promotion if he works hard.John acknowledges that  a promotion is important to him,that performing well will result in a promotion,and he believes he has a good chance of earning the promotion,this is an example of:

A)Equity theory.
B)Expectancy theory.
C)Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
D)Herzberg's Two Factor Theory.

Question 77

To motivate employees with a high n Ach,you should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)give them fast and frequent feedback on their performance.
B)try to include them in decision making.
C)give them increased responsibility for doing new things.
D)give them nonroutine, challenging tasks with clear, attainable objectives.

Question 78

To motivate employees with a high n Pow,you should to all of the following EXCEPT:

A)let them plan and control their jobs as much as possible.
B)try to include them in decision making.
C)try to assign them to a whole task rather than just a part of a task.
D)assign them to work as part of a team.

Question 79

The process motivation theories are alike in that all focus on:

A)understanding how people choose behavior to fulfill their needs.
B)explaining and predicting behavior based on people's needs.
C)reinforcement of positive behaviors.
D)giving praise.

Question 80

Managers should be aware that equity is based on:

A)rewards.
B)employee perceptions.
C)exerted effort.
D)performance.