Question 1

The hypothalamus controls which of the body's functions?&#10;A) Relay of information to the cerebrum&#10;B) Regulation of the body's biologic clock&#10;C) Muscle coordination,equilibrium,and muscle tone&#10;D) Regulation of temperature and water balance&#10;

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature and water balance, among other things. Option A is incorrect because the thalamus, not the hypothalamus, is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebrum. Option B is incorrect because the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is located in the hypothalamus, is responsible for the body's biological clock. Option C is incorrect because muscle coordination and equilibrium are controlled by the cerebellum, not the hypothalamus.

Question 2

Which part is the highest functional area of the brain?&#10;A) The cerebrum&#10;B) The thalamus&#10;C) The hypothalamus&#10;D) The brainstem&#10;

Accepted Answer

The cerebrum is the highest functional area of the brain as it is responsible for many functions such as consciousness, perception, memory, and voluntary movements.

Question 3

If a client is taking a central nervous system depressant,the drug would not be expected to target which of the following areas of the brain?&#10;A) Cerebellum&#10;B) Peripheral nerves&#10;C) Hypothalamus&#10;D) Pons&#10;

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system depressants act on the brain and spinal cord, not the peripheral nerves. Therefore, the drug would not be expected to target peripheral nerves. The cerebellum, hypothalamus, and pons are all areas of the brain that could potentially be affected by a central nervous system depressant.

Question 4

Medications that disturb the cerebellum cause which symptom?&#10;A) Nausea&#10;B) Vomiting&#10;C) Loss of balance&#10;D) Diarrhea&#10;

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination. Therefore, medications that disturb the cerebellum may cause loss of balance. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are more commonly associated with disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 5

Drowsiness and sleep may occur with benzodiazepines because of their action on the&#10;A) hypothalamus.&#10;B) thalamus.&#10;C) limbic system.&#10;D) medulla.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines act on the limbic system, which is involved in controlling emotions and has a significant role in the mechanisms of sleep and drowsiness.

Question 6

Which of the following statements reflects the nurse's understanding of the effect of drugs on the central nervous system?&#10;A) &#34;The hypothalamus is important in the regulation of respirations.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Drugs that disturb the cerebellum may lead to hyperactivity.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Respirations may be affected by any medication that acts on the medulla oblongata.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Sensations of pain and touch may be impaired if drugs act on the pons.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata controls involuntary functions such as respirations and drugs that act on this area may affect breathing.

Question 7

Antidepressants are known to cause many adverse effects because of their effect on the central nervous system,including the hypothalamus.An example of a hypothalamic adverse effect is&#10;A) hypercalcemia.&#10;B) hirsutism.&#10;C) amenorrhea.&#10;D) hypoactivity.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants have been known to cause hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine dysfunction resulting in menstrual cycle changes and even amenorrhea (absent periods) in women. This is likely due to the effect of antidepressants on the hypothalamus, which is responsible for regulating reproductive hormones. Hypercalcemia and hirsutism are not commonly associated with antidepressant use, while hypoactivity could be a potential adverse effect but is too general to be a definitive answer.

Question 8

Which part of the brain is believed to be involved with the conscious experience of emotions?&#10;A) The reticular activating system&#10;B) The medulla and the pons&#10;C) The limbic system&#10;D) The cerebellum and the brainstem&#10;

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which includes structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, is believed to be involved in the conscious experience of emotions. These structures play a role in processing and regulating emotions, as well as in the formation of emotional memories. The reticular activating system is responsible for controlling arousal and sleep/wake cycles, while the medulla and pons are involved in basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum and brainstem are more involved in motor control and coordination.

Question 9

Drugs that can permeate the normal blood-brain barrier would not include which of the following?&#10;A) Alcohol&#10;B) Oxygen&#10;C) Glucose&#10;D) Antibiotics&#10;

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics typically have difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier due to their molecular size and properties, unlike alcohol, oxygen, and glucose, which can permeate more easily due to their smaller size or essential nature for brain function.

Question 10

The nurse expects that which of the following conditions or events will most likely result in increased endorphin production?&#10;A) Immobility&#10;B) Fever&#10;C) Chronic pain&#10;D) Acupuncture&#10;

Accepted Answer

Acupuncture has been shown to stimulate the production and release of endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers.

Question 11

Which of the following polypeptides found in the brain has an opioid activity?&#10;A) Catecholamine&#10;B) Dopamine&#10;C) Enkephalins&#10;D) Naloxone&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following polypeptides found in...

Deck 13: Overview of the Central Nervous System