Deck 4: Contingency Leadership Theories

Question 1

The growing cultural diversity of the workforce and the increasing globalization of the marketplace creates the need for leaders with multicultural backgrounds and experiences.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Task structure is the most powerful determinant of overall situational favorableness.

Answer 2

False
Explanation:Task structure is not the most powerful determinent.

Question 3

Leadership models are examples to emulate or use in a given situation.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Path-goal leadership theory is based on motivation theories of goal setting and expectancy theory.

Question 5

Global companies such as McDonald's with restaurants all over the world do not have to be concerned about differences in leadership styles across countries.

Question 6

If the leadership style does not match the situation,Fiedler recommends to change the leadership style,rather than the situation.

Question 7

The two major continuum leadership model styles are boss-centered and subordinate-centered.

Question 8

The major difference between behavioral and contingency leadership theories is that contingency leadership theories attempt to determine the one best leadership style in all situations.

Question 9

Reviews of the research on Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership have concluded that the research tends to support the model,but not for every situation.

Question 10

According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership,the more control the leader has over the followers,the less favorable the situation is for the leader.

Question 11

To determine whether a leader's style is more task-motivated or more relationship-motivated,Fiedler uses his Least Preferred Coworker Scale.

Question 12

According to contingency leadership theories,leadership success requires that managers adapt different leadership styles to meet the situation.

Question 13

Fred E.Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership states that leadership styles are basically constant.

Question 14

The three variables of situational favorableness include task structure,position power,and leadership style.

Question 15

According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership,a leader's effectiveness is a function of the leader's style and the favorableness of the situation to that style.

Question 16

The path-goal leadership model is used to determine which one of seven styles to select,based on the use of boss-centered versus subordinate-centered leadership,to meet the situation (boss,subordinates,situation/time)in order to maximize performance.

Question 17

According to the leadership continuum model,a leader should consider three variables - boss,subordinates,and situation (time)- before selecting one of seven leadership styles.

Question 18

Fred E.Fiedler developed the path-goal leadership theory.

Question 19

In Europe and other parts of the world,managers have fewer cultural than technical variables to deal with because of similar value systems and religious backgrounds among employees.

Question 20

Situational favorableness refers to the degree to which a situation enables the leader to exert influence over the followers.

Question 21

Authoritarianism is the extent of the leader's position power.

Question 22

Neutralizers for leadership include characteristics of the subordinate,task,and organization that replace the need for a leader or neutralize the leader's behavior.

Question 23

The role of the leader is to answer questions and provide encouragement and resources using the facilitate leadership style.

Question 24

Environment situational factors include task structure,formal authority,and work group.

Question 25

Supportive leadership is appropriate when the followers do not want autocratic leadership,have external locus of control,and follower ability is high.

Question 26

The variables used to determine the leadership style using the path-goal leadership theory include the subordinate and environment.

Question 27

The contingency leadership model and normative leadership model are prescriptive models,because they tell the user exactly which leadership style to use in a given situation.

Question 28

The continuum and path-goal leadership models are descriptive models,because users select the appropriate leadership style for a given situation based on their own judgment.

Question 29

The normative leadership style that lets the group diagnose the problem and make the decision within stated limits is facilitate.

Question 30

The time-driven model is concerned with making effective decisions with minimum cost.

Question 31

The normative leadership model is not popular with managers because it is not based on research.

Question 32

When using the normative leadership model,the more expertise the leader has,the less need there is for follower participation.

Question 33

Providing high structure is an example of directive leadership style.

Question 34

When a leader sets difficult but achievable goals,expects followers to perform at their highest level,and rewards them for doing so,the leader is using a participative style.

Question 35

Achievement-oriented leadership is appropriate when followers are open to autocratic leadership,have external locus of control,and follower ability is high.

Question 36

Not all seven variables/questions are relevant to all decisions using the normative leadership model.

Question 37

Normative leadership theory led to the development of the theory of charismatic leadership.

Question 38

The normative leadership model has a time-driven and development-driven decision tree that enables the user to select one of five leadership styles (decide,consult individually,consult group,facilitate,and delegate)appropriate for the situation (seven questions/variables)to maximize decisions.

Question 39

The participative style includes employee input into decision making.

Question 40

The first step for using the normative leadership model is to select a time-driven model or development-driven model.

Question 41

A ____ is an example for use in a given situation.

A)leadership theory
B)leadership model
C)contingency theory
D)substitute for leadership

Question 42

The contingency leadership model variables include all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)the leader.
B)the followers.
C)the situation.
D)the task.

Question 43

Today,more companies are looking for graduates with ________.

A)more collective responsibility
B)international openness and flexibility
C)more holistic concern for employees
D)longer periods of employment

Question 44

All of the leadership styles put forth in both the behavioral and contingency leadership theories are based on the same two behavior concepts.

Question 45

Which of the following is used to determine which one of seven styles to select,based on the use of boss-centered versus subordinate-centered leadership,to meet the situation in order to maximize performance?

A)Contingency leadership model.
B)Normative leadership model.
C)Path-goal leadership model.
D)Leadership continuum model.

Question 46

The ____ leadership model is used to determine if a person's leadership style is task- or relationship-oriented,and if the situation matches the leader's style to maximize performance.

A)behavioral
B)path-goal
C)contingency
D)normative

Question 47

Which of the following best represents a situation in which a relationship-oriented leadership style should be used?

A)A leader with strong power who has good relations with followers who perform a nonrepetitive task.
B)A leader with strong power who has poor relations with followers who perform a repetitive task.
C)A leader with strong power who has good relations with followers who perform a repetitive task.
D)A leader with weak power who has poor relations with followers who perform a nonrepetitive task.

Question 48

Fiedler believed that one's leadership style is a reflection of ____________.

A)heredity
B)personality
C)behavior and personality
D)heredity and behavior

Question 49

Which of the following best represents a situation in which a task-oriented leadership style should be used?

A)A leader with strong power who has good relations with followers who perform a repetitive task.
B)A leader with weak power who has good relations with followers who perform a nonrepetitive task.
C)A leader with strong power who has poor relations with followers who perform a repetitive task.
D)A leader with strong power who has poor relations with followers who perform a nonrepetitive task.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT one of the variables that determine situational favorableness?

A)Task structure.
B)Locus of control.
C)Position power.
D)Leader-member relations.

Question 51

The leadership continuum model is used to determine which one of seven styles to select,based on the use of ____________,to meet the situation to maximize performance.

A)boss-centered versus subordinate-centered leadership
B)task-centered versus relationship-centered leadership
C)subordinate-centered versus environment-centered leadership
D)time-driven versus development-driven leadership

Question 52

Which of the following best represents a situation in which a task-oriented leadership style should be used?

A)A leader with weak power who has good relations with followers who perform a repetitive task.
B)A leader with weak power who has good relations with followers who perform a nonrepetitive task.
C)A leader with strong power who has poor relations with followers who perform a repetitive task.
D)A leader with weak power who has poor relations with followers who perform a repetitive task.

Question 53

Out of the four contingency leadership models,the leadership continuum model is the most complex.

Question 54

When comparing behavioral theories and contingency theories,the situation determines the leadership style in contingency theories and behavioral theories attempted to find the one best leadership style for all situations.

Question 55

The most powerful determinant of overall situational favorableness is:

A)task structure.
B)locus of control.
C)position power.
D)leader-member relations.

Question 56

Out of the four contingency leadership models,the leadership continuum theory is criticized for being too subjective.

Question 57

Characteristics of the task include formalization (explicit plans,goals,and areas of responsibility),inflexibility (rigid,unbending rules and procedures),and invariant methodology.

Question 58

When comparing the four contingency leadership models,Fiedler's Model and the Continuum Leadership Model are more popular today than either the Path-Goal or the Normative Leadership Models.

Question 59

A leadership model:

A)is an explanation of some aspect of leadership.
B)has practical value.
C)is used when selecting the appropriate leadership style for a given situation.
D)explains the variables and leadership styles to be used in a given contingency situation.

Question 60

When comparing the four contingency models,research only consistently supports Fiedler's Contingency Leadership Model.

Question 61

Which leadership style would rate the leader a 6 on the leadership continuum model?

A)A leader who states a decision which is not open for discussion.
B)A leader who lets employees make a decision within set limits.
C)A leader who presents a decision and asks if there are any questions.
D)A leader who lets employees make ongoing decisions.

Question 62

Based on the situational factors,the ____ leadership style provides high consideration.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)achievement-oriented

Question 63

The normative leadership model has ____ leadership styles.

A)five
B)two
C)four
D)three

Question 64

Based on the situational factors,the ____ leadership style provides high structure.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)achievement-oriented

Question 65

The path-goal leadership styles include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)directive.
B)supportive.
C)participative.
D)affiliation-oriented.

Question 66

The normative leadership model uses decision trees that are:

A)time-driven and development-driven.
B)leader-driven and follower-driven.
C)task-driven and people-driven.
D)goal-driven and decision-driven.

Question 67

____ leadership is appropriate when the followers do not want autocratic leadership,have internal locus of control,and follower ability is high.

A)Directive
B)Supportive
C)Participative
D)Achievement-oriented

Question 68

Unlike other contingency leadership models,the path-goal leadership model does not have a ____ trait.

A)followers
B)leader
C)situation
D)behavior

Question 69

______ is the degree to which employees defer to others,want to be told what to do and how to do the job.

A)Locus of control
B)Authoritarianism
C)Formal authority
D)Path clarification

Question 70

One of the difficulties in testing the path-goal theory is:

A)ethical considerations in creating samples.
B)the complexity of the theory.
C)that it doesn't take enough variables into account.
D)that not enough managers use the theory.

Question 71

To use the normative leadership model,you must do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)have a specific decision to make.
B)have the authority to make a decision.
C)have specific followers.
D)ask each follower's opinion.

Question 72

When using the continuum leadership model,before selecting one of the seven leadership styles,the leader must consider all of the following variables EXCEPT:

A)the boss.
B)the subordinates.
C)the situation/time.
D)the task structure.

Question 73

Which leadership style would rate the leader a 2 on the leadership continuum model?

A)A leader who makes decisions and sells them to followers.
B)A leader who lets employees make ongoing decisions.
C)A leader who presents a decision which is subject to change based on input.
D)A leader who lets employees make decisions within set limits.

Question 74

____ leadership is appropriate when followers are open to autocratic leadership,have external locus of control,and follower ability is high.

A)Directive
B)Supportive
C)Participative
D)Achievement-oriented

Question 75

In the normative leadership model,the ____ leadership style lets the group diagnose the problem and make the decision within stated limits.

A)consult group
B)facilitate
C)delegate
D)decide

Question 76

Before selecting one of the seven leadership styles on the leadership continuum,the leader must consider which one of the following variables?

A)The path clarification.
B)The leader's personality.
C)The importance of the decision.
D)The task structure.

Question 77

Environment situational factors include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)locus of control.
B)task structure.
C)work group.
D)formal authority.

Question 78

The normative leadership model includes all of the following leadership styles EXCEPT:

A)decide.
B)consult group.
C)facilitate.
D)participative.

Question 79

____ means that the leader works with followers to help them identify and learn the behaviors that will lead to successful task accomplishment and organizational rewards.

A)Path clarification
B)Directive leadership
C)Prescriptive leadership
D)Leader expertise

Question 80

Based on the situational factors,the ____ leadership style is most appropriate when followers want to be involved.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)achievement-oriented