Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

What is the process by which substances scatter themselves evenly throughout an available space?

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Dialysis

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

Which are extremely fine hairlike structures on the surface of the cell?

A) Cilia
B) Microvilli
C) Flagella
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Cilia

Question 3

If one side of the DNA molecule has the nucleotide sequence of adenine-guanine-adenine-cytosine-thymine, the other side would be

A) adenine-guanine-adenine-cytosine-thymine.
B) cytosine-thymine-cytosine-adenine-guanine.
C) thymine-cytosine-thymine-guanine-adenine.
D) There is no way to determine the other side of the molecule.

Answer 3

thymine-cytosine-thymine-guanine-adenine.

Question 4

Which organelle has a subunit made of RNA?

A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosomes

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Regulation of what moves into and out of the cell
C) Identifying the cell
D) Communication between cells

Question 6

Which structure has ribosomes attached to it and helps transport proteins throughout the cell?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria

Question 7

Only about half the population has which of the following organelles?

A) Microvilli
B) Cilia
C) Flagella
D) The entire population has all of the above organelles.

Question 8

Which of the following is not part of the plasma membrane?

A) Phospholipids
B) Cholesterol
C) Triglycerides
D) Neither B nor C is part of the cell membrane.

Question 9

Which are rod-shaped structures that are important in cell division?

A) Ribosomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Centrioles

Question 10

Which are small fingerlike projections on the plasma membrane that increase the cell's ability to absorb substances?

A) Microvilli
B) Cilia
C) Flagella
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Which organelle consists of tiny flattened sacs that help process and package chemicals in the cell?

A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome

Question 12

Which organelles can be called the "digestive bags" of the cell?

A) Ribosomes
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosomes

Question 13

Cellular respiration occurs in which organelle?

A) Ribosome
B) Centrioles
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria

Question 14

Which structure makes new membranes for the cell?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria

Question 15

What is the movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane?

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Dialysis

Question 16

What is the movement of water and solutes through a membrane because of hydrostatic pressure?

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Filtration
D) Dialysis

Question 17

Which of the following are called the "power plants" of the cell?

A) Ribosomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosomes

Question 18

Which of the following is not part of the cell?

A) Plasma membrane
B) Interstitial fluid
C) Nucleus
D) All of the above are part of the cell.

Question 19

What are the protein factories of the cell?

A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosomes
C) Ribosomes
D) Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Tissue typing uses information

A) stored in the nucleus.
B) found on the plasma membrane.
C) found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) found in the Golgi apparatus.

Question 21

Which process does not rely on active transport?

A) Sodium-potassium pump
B) Phagocytosis
C) Pinocytosis
D) Filtration

Question 22

Chromatin becomes "organized" during which phase of mitosis?

A) Telophase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Prophase

Question 23

A codon consists of which number of nucleotides?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 24

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Small rods that are important in cell division

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 25

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Cell structure that controls every organelle in the cytoplasm and contains chromatin

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes aligned in the center of the cell?

A) Telophase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Prophase

Question 27

If the DNA code is adenine-thymine-guanine, the messenger RNA sequence would be

A) adenine-thymine-guanine.
B) thymine-adenine-cytosine.
C) thymine-uracil-cytosine.
D) uracil-adenine-cytosine.

Question 28

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell?

A) Anaphase
B) Metaphase
C) Prophase
D) Telophase

Question 29

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Organelles that are called the "protein factories" of the cell

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 30

Which structure programs the formation of ribosomes?

A) Mitochondria
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Nucleolus
D) Golgi apparatus

Question 31

Which term refers to an increase in the number of cells?

A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Anaplasia

Question 32

If the messenger RNA code is adenine-uracil-cytosine, the transfer RNA bringing the amino acid would have which code?

A) Adenine-uracil-cytosine
B) Uracil-adenine-guanine
C) Uracil-thymine-guanine
D) Thymine-adenine-guanine

Question 33

During which phase of mitosis does a cleavage furrow begin to appear?

A) Telophase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Interphase

Question 34

DNA replication occurs during which phase?

A) Telophase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Interphase

Question 35

During which phase of mitosis do two nuclei appear and the chromosomes become less distinct?

A) Anaphase
B) Metaphase
C) Interphase
D) Telophase

Question 36

Which term refers to an increase in cell size?

A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Anaplasia

Question 37

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Organelle named as such because of the ribosomes attached to it

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 38

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Structure made up of phospholipids and cholesterol molecules

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 39

Which organelle contains its own DNA molecule?

A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Organelles that are called the "digestive bags" of the cell

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 41

Match each phase of the cell life cycle to its corresponding description.
The spindle fibers form

A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 42

Explain the functioning of an ion pump, and give an example of one in the plasma membrane. Why are they considered active transport mechanisms?

Question 43

Match each phase of the cell life cycle to its corresponding description.
Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 44

Describe or give the function of the following organelles: ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, centrioles, microvilli, and cilia.

Question 45

What is meant by specific base pairing?

Question 46

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
A small structure in the nucleus that programs the formation of ribosomes

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 47

Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane.

Question 48

Define or explain passive transport and active transport and give an example of each.

Question 49

Match each phase of the cell life cycle to its corresponding description.
The chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cells

A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 50

Explain the process of filtration and give an example of a body process that depends on filtration.

Question 51

Explain the structure and function of the nucleus, including the function of the nucleolus.

Question 52

What is a gene?

Question 53

Define or explain pinocytosis and phagocytosis.

Question 54

Explain the difference between osmosis and dialysis.

Question 55

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Small fingerlike projections in the plasma membrane that increase the efficiency of absorption of materials into the cell

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 56

Match each phase of the cell life cycle to its corresponding description.
The cleavage furrow completely divides the cell into two parts

A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 57

Match each phase of the cell life cycle to its corresponding description.
DNA replication occurs

A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 58

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
The "power plants" of the cell

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 59

Match each organelle or cell structure to its corresponding function or description.
Organelle that produces new membranes for the cell

A)Plasma membrane
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosomes
D)Mitochondria
E)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
F)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)Lysosomes
H)Centrioles
I)Microvilli
J)Nucleolus

Question 60

Explain the role of ion pumps in both cystic fibrosis and cholera.

Question 61

The nucleolus is a structure in the nucleus that programs the formation of ribosomes.

Question 62

The term organelle refers to proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane.

Question 63

The Golgi apparatus consists of two small rods that play an important role in cell division.

Question 64

The "protein factory" is another name for the ribosomes.

Question 65

One function of the cell membrane is to identify the cell as belonging to a particular individual.

Question 66

Briefly describe the process of transcription.

Question 67

If one side of a DNA molecule is adenine-thymine-guanine, what would the messenger RNA nucleotides be if this piece of DNA were transcribed?

Question 68

The only cells in humans that have flagella are sperm cells.

Question 69

Define or explain the following terms: hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, neoplasm, anaplasia, benign neoplasm, and malignant neoplasm.

Question 70

The fluid inside the cell is called interstitial fluid.

Question 71

The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA.

Question 72

If one side of a DNA molecule is thymine-cytosine-guanine-adenine, what would the nucleotides on the other side be?

Question 73

List the phases of mitosis and explain what occurs in each phase.

Question 74

Lysosomes are the "digestive bags" of the cell.

Question 75

If a messenger RNA molecule contains the sequence uracil-adenine-cytosine, what would be the nucleotide sequence for the transfer RNA it would attract?

Question 76

Both phospholipids and cholesterol are important parts of the cell membrane.

Question 77

Briefly describe the process of translation.

Question 78

Microvilli are small hairlike structures on the outer surface of the cells.

Question 79

One of the jobs of the Golgi apparatus is to make new membranes for the cell.

Question 80

The difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum is that the rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it.