Deck 25: Genetics and Genetic Diseases

Question 1

A mechanism that helps ensure genetic variation is

A) sperm cells not sharing the same genome.
B) egg cells not sharing the same genome.
C) crossing-over.
D) all of the above.

Answer 1

all of the above.

Question 2

The shorter segment of a chromosome is called the _____-arm.

A) l
B) p
C) q
D) s

Answer 2

p

Question 3

If both the mother and father are carriers for albinism, the probability that their offspring will be albino is

A) 0%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 100%.

Answer 3

25%.

Question 4

A mother with normal vision (not a carrier for color-blindness) and a father who is color-blind will produce which of the following offspring?

A) 100% of the sons will be color-blind
B) 50% of the sons will be color-blind
C) 100% of the daughters will be carriers for color-blindness
D) 50% of the daughters will be carriers for color-blindness

Question 5

If both the mother and father are albino, the probability that their offspring will be albino is

A) 0%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 100%.

Question 6

The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called the

A) genome.
B) karyotype.
C) chromosomes.
D) both B and C.

Question 7

During cell division, each replicated strand of chromatin coils to form a compact mass called a

A) gene.
B) messenger RNA.
C) chromosome.
D) both A and C.

Question 8

Which of the following can be a genetic mutagen?

A) Radiation
B) Virus
C) Chemicals
D) All of the above can be genetic mutagens.

Question 9

The human genome contains about how many genes?

A) 100,000
B) 75,000
C) 50,000
D) 20,000

Question 10

The mother is a carrier for albinism and the father has two dominant genes for normal skin color. The probability that their offspring will be albino is

A) 0%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 100%.

Question 11

A person with trisomy has _____ chromosomes.

A) 45
B) 46
C) 47
D) 48

Question 12

The final product of a gene is a

A) chromatin strand.
B) protein.
C) messenger RNA molecule.
D) chromosome.

Question 13

Which of the following conditions results from monosomy?

A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Both A and C

Question 14

A person with monosomy has _____ chromosomes.

A) 45
B) 46
C) 47
D) 48

Question 15

The longer segment of a chromosome is called the _____-arm.

A) l
B) p
C) q
D) s

Question 16

The structure that divides the chromosome into longer and shorter segments is called the

A) centromere.
B) genome.
C) mitochondria.
D) centrioles.

Question 17

Which of the following is a photograph of chromosomes that are cut out and pasted onto a chart and used to detect chromosomal disorders?

A) Pedigree
B) Karyotype
C) Punnett square
D) Plasmid

Question 18

A mother who is a carrier for red-green color-blindness and a father with normal vision will produce which of the following offspring?

A) 25% of their daughters will be color-blind
B) 50% of their daughters will be color-blind
C) 25% of their sons will be color-blind
D) 50% of their sons will be color-blind

Question 19

The process by which gametes have their chromosome number reduced by half is called

A) mitosis.
B) crossing-over.
C) meiosis.
D) linkage.

Question 20

Which of the following conditions results from trisomy?

A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Both A and C

Question 21

Which of the following is a chart that illustrates the genetic relationship in a family over several generations?

A) Pedigree
B) Karyotype
C) Punnett square
D) Plasmid

Question 22

What percent of DNA carries functional genes?

A) Less than 2%
B) Close to 5%
C) About 10%
D) More than 25%

Question 23

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A condition in which a cell has only one member of a chromosome pair

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 24

Which of the following genetic diseases is caused by a recessive gene that causes impairment of chloride ion transport across the cell membrane?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Phenylketonuria
D) Turner syndrome

Question 25

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The longer segment of the chromosome

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 26

Which of the following genetic diseases results from a recessive gene that fails to produce an enzyme needed to convert an amino acid into tyrosine?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Phenylketonuria
D) Turner syndrome

Question 27

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The shorter segment of a chromosome

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 28

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Gene that does not get expressed in an individual who is a carrier

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 29

Which of the following genetic diseases is caused by a recessive gene that fails to make an essential lipid-processing enzyme?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Phenylketonuria
D) Turner syndrome

Question 30

Which of the following does not describe a gene?

A) A sequence of DNA nucleotide bases
B) Used to transcribe a specific mRNA molecule
C) Used to determine the structure of regulatory enzymes for the cell
D) All of the above describe a gene.

Question 31

Which of the following would be most useful in detecting Turner syndrome?

A) A pedigree
B) A Punnett square
C) A karyotype
D) Both A and B would be useful in detecting Turner syndrome.

Question 32

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The entire collection of genetic material in each cell in the human body

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 33

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The scientific study of genetic inheritance

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 34

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A process in which parts of chromosomes are exchanged between chromosome pairs during meiosis

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 35

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The group of proteins encoded by the genes of the human cell

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 36

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The discrete unit of DNA that is passed from parent to offspring and carries a genetic trait

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 37

Which of the following is a grid used to determine the probability of inheriting a genetic trait?

A) Pedigree
B) Karyotype
C) Punnett square
D) Plasmid

Question 38

Which of the following terms describes a noncoding part of DNA that may be a fragmented or a nonfunctional gene?

A) Genome
B) Pseudogene
C) Genomic
D) Proteome

Question 39

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A nonsex chromosome

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 40

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Gene that expresses itself whenever it is in a cell

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 41

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Occurs during meiosis and can lead to monosomy or trisomy

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 42

Explain the ways in which genetic variation is increased when passing genetic information on to the next generation.

Question 43

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Condition of people with only a single X chromosome (XO)

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 44

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Condition that causes the presence of an extra 21st chromosome

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 45

Draw an ideogram of a hypothetical chromosome and label the p-arm and q-arm.

Question 46

Explain how genes control the activity of a cell.

Question 47

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A change in the genetic material

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 48

Using a Punnett square, determine the probability of sickle cell disease in offspring from a mother and father who both have sickle cell trait.

Question 49

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Condition of people who are missing an enzyme that should convert one amino acid into another

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 50

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Disease that occurs because of the presence of a single gene

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 51

Using a Punnett square, determine the probability of color-blindness in offspring from a mother who is a carrier for color-blindness and a color-blind father.

Question 52

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Condition of people with XXY chromosomes

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 53

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A grid used to determine the probability of inheriting genetic traits

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 54

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A photograph of chromosomes that are cut out and pasted onto a chart in pairs according to size

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 55

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A chart that illustrates the genetic relationship in a family over several generations

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 56

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The condition of having a gene that makes it more likely that you will develop a disease

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 57

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A condition in which a cell has three members of a chromosome pair

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 58

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Condition caused by having a gene that makes a faulty protein that prevents the movement of sodium ions into and out of the cell

A)Turner syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Down syndrome
D)Pedigree
E)Single-gene disease
F)Klinefelter syndrome
G)Karyotype
H)Genetic predisposition
I)PKU
J)Punnett square

Question 59

Using a Punnett square, determine the probability of albinism in offspring from a mother who has normal skin color but carries the albinism trait and a father who is an albino.

Question 60

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A trait found on the X chromosome

A)Proteome
B)Crossing-over
C)Dominant gene
D)Gene
E)p-arm
F)Trisomy
G)Genetics
H)Recessive gene
I)Genome
J)q-arm
K)Sex-linked trait
L)Genetic mutation
M)Monosomy
N)Autosome
O)Nondisjunction

Question 61

Which is more likely to stay in a population: a helpful mutation or a harmful mutation? Explain your answer.

Question 62

Explain the cause of and treatment for PKU.

Question 63

Explain the cause and symptoms of Down syndrome.

Question 64

Explain the methods used by gene therapists to insert genetic material into a patient's body.

Question 65

Another term for a chromatin strand is a gene.

Question 66

Explain the cause and symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome.

Question 67

The first step in gene expression is the formation of a molecule of mRNA.

Question 68

What is a genetic mutation? List three possible genetic mutagens.

Question 69

Turner syndrome is caused by monosomy of the sex chromosome XO. Why is there no corresponding condition for monosomy of the sex chromosome YO?

Question 70

The scientific study of inheritance is called genetics.

Question 71

What is a Punnett square? Explain a situation in which it could be used for genetic counseling.

Question 72

What is a pedigree? Explain a situation in which it could be used for genetic counseling.

Question 73

Explain the cause and symptoms of cystic fibrosis.

Question 74

The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete independent units called genes.

Question 75

Explain the difference between a genetic disease and a genetic predisposition.

Question 76

Explain the difference between gene replacement therapy and gene augmentation therapy.

Question 77

Define or describe what is meant by a pseudogene.

Question 78

What is a karyotype? Explain a situation in which it could be used for genetic counseling.

Question 79

Explain the cause and symptoms of Turner syndrome.

Question 80

Evaluate the current success of gene therapy.