Deck 20: Urinary System

Question 1

Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Aldosterone
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone
D) Both A and B

Answer 1

Both A and B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A) Removing waste products from the blood
B) Maintaining the proper electrolyte balance in the blood
C) Maintaining the proper pH level of the blood
D) All of the above are functions of the urinary system.

Answer 2

All of the above are functions of the urinary system.

Question 3

The tube that carries urine out of the kidney is called the

A) urethra.
B) collecting tube.
C) ureter.
D) bladder.

Answer 3

ureter.

Question 4

Which of the following structures drains into the collecting duct?

A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Loop of Henle

Question 5

To properly clean the blood, the kidneys must receive how much of the blood pumped by the heart?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 6

Which of the following statements is untrue of the kidneys?

A) The right kidney is slightly higher than the left kidney.
B) The kidneys are outside the peritoneal cavity.
C) The kidneys are surrounded by a layer of fat.
D) All of the above are true statements.

Question 7

The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the

A) urethra.
B) collecting tube.
C) trigone.
D) ureter.

Question 8

The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys releases an enzyme

A) called antidiuretic hormone.
B) that dilates blood vessels.
C) that constricts blood vessels.
D) that increases the absorption of sodium from the filtrate.

Question 9

The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called

A) filtration.
B) reabsorption.
C) secretion.
D) micturition.

Question 10

The papilla of the renal pyramids opens into which of the following structures?

A) Renal pelvis
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal cortex
D) Calyx

Question 11

Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced?

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Aldosterone
C) Atrial natriuretic hormone
D) Both A and B

Question 12

Substances are added to the urine in the distal and collecting tubules through what process?

A) Filtration
B) Reabsorption
C) Secretion
D) Micturition

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the structures in the renal corpuscle?

A) Bowman capsule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Loop of Henle

Question 14

The inner portion of the kidney is called the

A) renal pelvis.
B) renal medulla.
C) renal cortex.
D) calyx.

Question 15

Which structure is included in the discussion of the urinary system even though it is part of the circulatory system?

A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Bowman capsule
D) Loop of Henle

Question 16

Which of the following is considered the first segment of the renal tubules?

A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct

Question 17

The outermost layer of the kidney is called the

A) renal pelvis.
B) renal medulla.
C) renal cortex.
D) calyx.

Question 18

The process that moves blood plasma from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule is called

A) filtration.
B) reabsorption.
C) secretion.
D) micturition.

Question 19

Which of the following parts of the kidney is actually an expansion of the upper end of the ureter?

A) Renal pelvis
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal cortex
D) Calyx

Question 20

Glycosuria is a failure in

A) filtration.
B) reabsorption.
C) secretion.
D) micturition.

Question 21

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Tubes that connect the kidney and the urinary bladder

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 22

Which structure is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

A) Bowman capsule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Glomerulus
D) Renal corpuscle

Question 23

The process by which urine is passed out of the body is called

A) urination.
B) voiding.
C) micturition.
D) all of the above.

Question 24

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Part of the nephron that lies between the distal and proximal convoluted tubules

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 25

Which of the following is considered an obstructive disorder of the urinary system?

A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Renal calculi
D) Urethritis

Question 26

Which of the following is not true of erythropoietin?

A) It is secreted by the kidneys.
B) It stimulates the formation of red blood cells.
C) It acts on the blood-forming tissue of the spleen.
D) All of the above are true of erythropoietin.

Question 27

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
The inner portion of the kidney

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 28

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Triangular-shaped structures in the inner portion of the kidney

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 29

Which condition occurs when the kidneys are no longer producing urine?

A) Urinary retention
B) Urinary suppression
C) Incontinence
D) Enuresis

Question 30

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Formed by the tubules of a number of different nephrons; the last tubule in the nephron

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 31

Which of the following conditions can be treated by the insertion of a urinary catheter?

A) Urinary retention
B) Urinary suppression
C) Incontinence
D) Enuresis

Question 32

Which of the following are extensions of the cortical tissue that dip down into the medulla between the renal pyramids?

A) Renal columns
B) Renal papillae
C) Renal pelvis
D) Calyces

Question 33

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
The outer portion of the kidney

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 34

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
A cup-shaped structure that catches the filtrate in the nephron

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 35

Filtration occurs in

A) the renal corpuscle.
B) the loop of Henle.
C) the collecting duct.
D) all parts of the kidney.

Question 36

Which condition refers to an inflammation of the bladder?

A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urethritis
D) Renal calculi

Question 37

The hormone ADH is released from the

A) kidney.
B) hypothalamus.
C) adrenal cortex.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 38

Which of the following is not true of RAAS?

A) It is initiated by the kidney.
B) It stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.
C) It causes constriction of blood vessels.
D) All of the above are true of RAAS.

Question 39

What condition occurs when the kidneys produce urine but the bladder cannot empty the urine?

A) Urinary retention
B) Urinary suppression
C) Incontinence
D) Enuresis

Question 40

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
The blood vessel in the Bowman capsule

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 41

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Actions of this hormone result in the production of a smaller volume of urine

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 42

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The movement of material from the blood to the urine in the distal convoluted or collecting tubules

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 43

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Another term for urination or voiding

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 44

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Refers to kidney disease, especially inflammatory conditions

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 45

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Symptoms of this condition result from the loss of protein from the blood

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 46

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Occurs when there is glucose in the urine; a sign of diabetes mellitus

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 47

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Structure into which the papilla of the pyramids of the kidney opens

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 48

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The accumulation of toxic substances in the blood from the catabolism of food; functioning kidneys prevent this from happening

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 49

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Moves water and dissolved substances out of the blood and into the Bowman capsule

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 50

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The moving of substances out of the tubules of the nephron back into the blood

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 51

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
The first of the tubules in the nephron

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 52

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Actions of this hormone result is an increase in the amount of urine

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 53

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Refers to the production of a large amount of urine

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 54

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Tube that carries urine out of the body

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 55

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Tube that drains into the collecting tubule

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 56

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The production of a small amount of urine

A)Secretion
B)Polyuria
C)Filtration
D)ADH
E)Oliguria
F)Uremia
G)ANH
H)Reabsorption
I)Micturition

Question 57

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
An extension of the ureters into the kidney

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 58

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
Structure that releases hormones that can cause constriction of blood vessels and raise blood pressure

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 59

Match each of the structures of the urinary system with its corresponding function or description.
A muscular sac that stores urine until it is released from the body

A)Calyx
B)Urinary bladder
C)Bowman capsule
D)Loop of Henle
E)Renal cortex
F)Collecting tubule
G)Proximal convoluted tubule
H)Renal medulla
I)Ureters
J)Renal pyramids
K)Juxtaglomerular apparatus
L)Glomerulus
M)Urethra
N)Distal convoluted tubule
O)Renal pelvis

Question 60

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Refers to the lack of production of urine by the kidney

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 61

Describe the structure and function of the ureters.

Question 62

Explain why kidney surgery is less likely to cause peritonitis than is stomach surgery.

Question 63

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Describes a bladder infection

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 64

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Occurs when the kidneys produce urine but the bladder is unable to release it

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 65

Explain the process of filtration in the nephron. What parts of the nephron are involved in filtration?

Question 66

Name the hormones that affect urine production. Give the function and source of each.

Question 67

Explain the process of reabsorption in the nephron. What parts of the nephron are involved in reabsorption?

Question 68

What are the physical and functional differences between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Question 69

Explain how the juxtaglomerular apparatus helps maintain proper blood flow to the kidney.

Question 70

If a person is becoming dehydrated, would that person's blood have high levels of ADH or ANH? Explain your answer.

Question 71

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Refers to the involuntary voiding or loss of urine in an older child or adult

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 72

List and describe the microscopic structures of the nephron. Which structures make up the renal corpuscle?

Question 73

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Describes pathological swelling or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by blockage of the urine outflow

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 74

Define uremia, and explain how it occurs.

Question 75

Explain the functions of the kidneys. What substances do the kidneys help regulate?

Question 76

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Another term for kidney stones

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 77

Explain the process of secretion in the nephron. What parts of the nephron are involved in secretion?

Question 78

Describe the location of the kidneys, and explain the ways in which the kidneys are protected.

Question 79

Match each disorder to its corresponding description or definition.
Results from damage to the glomerular-capsular membrane; can be caused by an immune mechanism, heredity, or a bacterial infection

A)Renal calculi
B)Nephrotic syndrome
C)Cystitis
D)Urinary retention
E)Glycosuria
F)Hydronephrosis
G)Urinary suppression
H)Glomerulonephritis
I)Incontinence
J)Nephritis

Question 80

List and describe the internal structures of the kidney.