Deck 6: Civil Rights

Question 1

Rosa Parks had a tremendous impact on the civil rights movement when she refused to

A)surrender her seat on a bus.
B)be bussed to a white school.
C)run for political office.
D)ride a train.
E)vote.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the Dred Scott Case Scott v.Sanford),the Supreme Court ruled

A)that the separate-but-equal facilities were constitutional.
B)that busing to mandate integration was constitutional
C)that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in a territory and that a slave was considered a piece of property.
D)that states could not ban interracial marriage.
E)None of these choices is true.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In Brown v.Board of Education,the Supreme Court

A)declared unconstitutional laws creating schools that were separate but obviously unequal.
B)declared unconstitutional laws supporting schools that were separate but unequal in subtle ways.
C)ruled that racially separate schools were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional.
D)ruled that schools discriminating on the basis of race could be denied access to federal funds.
E)ruled that segregation was lawful if mandated by a state constitution.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The practice of mandating busing plans to remedy school segregation patterns was approved in the case of

A)Brown v.Board of Education.
B)Sipuel v.County Trustee.
C)Swann v.Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education.
D)Green v.County School Board of New Kent County.
E)Plessy v.Ferguson.

Question 5

One factor helping to break the deadlock that developed in the civil rights movement during the early 1960s was the

A)media coverage of violence by white segregationists.
B)Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v.Board of Education.
C)decentralization of power in the House and Senate.
D)civil unrest that shook several northern cities.
E)election of Republican presidents.

Question 6

In its decision in Brown v.Board of Education,the Supreme Court overruled and the "separate but equal" doctrine.

A)Plessy v.Ferguson
B)Brown v.Board of Education
C)Loving v.Virginia
D)Cumming v.Richmond County Board of Education
E)Swann v.Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

Question 7

Starting with its decision in Brown v.Board of Education,the Court has treated race as a suspect classification such that any law making racial distinctions must

A)be reasonable.
B)be acceptable.
C)pass a test of strict scrutiny.
D)be supported by all of the states.
E)be color-bind.

Question 8

As its rationale for the decision in Brown,the Supreme Court relied primarily on

A)the intent of the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment.
B)the intent of Congress in the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)social science evidence.
D)a narrow interpretation of the U.S.Constitution.
E)the redress of grievances clause in the First Amendment.

Question 9

The National Urban League has credited civil rights laws for

A)improving the number of blacks enrolled in college.
B)decreasing the white-black poverty gap.
C)increasing the number of black homeowners.
D)failing to decrease the black-white unemployment ratio.
E)all of these choices are correct.

Question 10

Which statement best summarizes the pertinent question of civil rights?

A)Laws cannot make distinctions among people.
B)Laws cannot discriminate.
C)Laws must treat everyone equally.
D)Laws can treat different people differently,but such differences must be reasonable.
E)Laws can discriminate as long as they do not make distinctions.

Question 11

The Amendment to the U.S.Constitution appeared to guarantee equal rights for blacks.

A)First
B)Fourteenth
C)Twenty-first
D)Twenty-fifth
E)Twenty-sixth

Question 12

In the decision,the Supreme Court ruled that "separate­but­equal" facilities were constitutional.

A)Plessy v.Ferguson
B)Brown v.Board of Education
C)Loving v.Virginia
D)Cumming v.Richmond County Board of Education
E)Swann v.Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

Question 13

In the Slaughter-House Cases 1873),the Supreme Court ruled

A)that the "privileges and immunities" clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not protect citizens from discriminatory actions by state governments.
B)that separate facilities were acceptable as long as they were equal.
C)that segregation is unconstitutional.
D)that the literacy test is acceptable.
E)that juries cannot be all of one race.

Question 14

The philosophy of civil disobedience suggests that there is value to

A)protesting against laws that are not enforced by civil authorities.
B)peacefully violating the law.
C)violating all laws with respect to civility.
D)protesting in a legal manner,with respect for civil authority.
E)using violence when laws are not conducive to civil society.

Question 15

One reason the NAACP's strategy of using the courts to further black civil rights worked was that it

A)avoided focusing on the clearest abuses.
B)presented broad economic demands to whites.
C)avoided direct confrontation with a conservative Supreme Court.
D)did not require a broad legislative alliance.
E)avoided the complications that often surround appellate processes.

Question 16

The difference between de facto and de jure segregation is that

A)the former results from private choices,the latter from public law.
B)the former results from public law,the latter from private choices.
C)the former existed in the past,the latter continues in the present.
D)the former continues in the present,the latter existed in the past.
E)the former deals with perceptions,the latter deals with verified facts.

Question 17

An example of a difference in treatment toward certain groups that qualifies as reasonable is

A)classifying people according to race.
B)taxing different classes at different rates.
C)classifying people according to ethnic group.
D)testing for AIDS according to class.
E)classifying people according to religion.

Question 18

In 1955,the Supreme Court ruled that desegregation should be

A)implemented with due concern for public safety.
B)monitored by local school officials.
C)implemented "with all deliberate speed."
D)monitored by civil rights groups.
E)delayed until there were significant shifts in population.

Question 19

In order to discourage segregation,federal laws began to

A)fire teachers in segregated schools.
B)impose harsh grading standards on white students.
C)remove accreditation from public schools in the southeastern United States.
D)regulate textbooks that were critical of the Brown decision.
E)withhold federal funds from segregated schools.

Question 20

Lloyd Gaines had a tremendous impact on the interpretation of the Constitution when he attempted to

A)ride a bus.
B)enter law school.
C)run for political office.
D)ride a train.
E)vote.

Question 21

In Reed v.Reed,the Supreme Court ruled that

A)sex discrimination violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution.
B)general discrimination can be justified only if it serves "important governmental objectives" and is "substantially related to those objectives."
C)Congress can draft men without drafting women.
D)states may not finance an all-male military school.
E)gender discrimination is permissible in the private sector.

Question 22

The textbook discusses how the growing political strength of southern blacks is evident because

A)more than 10,500 blacks hold elective office in the south.
B)four southern governors are black.
C)six southern senators and twelve southern House members are black.
D)two blacks from the same southern state have been elected to the Senate and House.
E)three state have black supreme court justices.

Question 23

Which of the following statements concerning the "right to privacy" is correct?

A)It is said to emanate from provisions in the Fourteenth Amendment.
B)It is not mentioned in the Constitution.
C)It is explicitly mentioned in the First and Fifth Amendments.
D)It is explicitly mentioned in the First,Second,and Fifth Amendments.
E)It is explicitly mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution.

Question 24

The origins of the movement to give women the right to vote date back to

A)the 1890s.
B)the 1860s.
C)the 1840s.
D)the 1790s.
E)the 1770s.

Question 25

In their struggle for equal treatment,women,unlike blacks,had to deal with a legal tradition that

A)claimed to be protecting them.
B)regarded them as chattel.
C)had always treated them as equal in theory.
D)had consistently ignored them.
E)had accorded them special rights and responsibilities.

Question 26

In 1998,the Supreme Court ruled that a school system was not liable for the conduct of a teacher who seduced a female student because

A)the student lied to school officials in another proceeding.
B)the student never reported the actions.
C)the teacher left the school just hours after a complaint was filed.
D)school codes regarding teacher-student relations were vague.
E)school codes required several witnesses for harassment complaints.

Question 27

A great change in the status of women took place when

A)many of them were successful on Wall Street in the 1930s.
B)they began to serve as presidents of several prestigious law schools.
C)they began to outperform men in civil service tests.
D)millions were hired in defense plants during World War II.
E)they formed a congressional caucus in the 1920s.

Question 28

The Amendment made clear that no state may deny the right to vote on the basis of sex.

A)Fifteenth
B)Nineteenth
C)Twentieth
D)Twenty-first
E)Twenty-second

Question 29

In the Virginia Military Institute case,the Supreme Court required for single-sex schools.

A)a notable basis
B)a compelling reason
C)a compelling justification
D)a rational basis
E)an exceedingly persuasive justification

Question 30

Laws that address public order and the safety and morals of citizens have traditionally been considered the focus of

A)Congress.
B)state judiciaries.
C)state bar associations.
D)police powers.
E)state secretaries of state.

Question 31

Women were first given the right to vote in states that were

A)more highly populated and economically advanced.
B)part of the original thirteen colonies.
C)in the South.
D)in the Midwest.
E)in the West.

Question 32

On June 10,1964,the Senate voted to invoke cloture and end a filibuster of the Civil Rights Act.This was

A)a key moment leading to the passage of the legislation.
B)the first time in history that a filibuster aimed at blocking civil rights legislation had been broken.
C)a victory for the civil rights movement.
D)None of these choices is true
E)a key moment,the first time a filibuster blocking civil rights legislation had been broken,and a victory for the civil rights movement.

Question 33

The following is an example of a law that would only have to pass the reasonable standard where the government argues for the distinction on a rational basis.

A)Laws requiring somebody to be 21 to legally purchase alcohol
B)Men being punished for statutory rape even if women are not punished
C)Laws protecting the voting rights of blacks
D)State laws setting different ages at which men and women legally become adults
E)Women being barred from jobs by height and weight requirements

Question 34

In 1963,the publication of by Betty Friedan strengthened the feminist movement.

A)The Other Half
B)The Silent Spring
C)The Feminine Mystique
D)The Great Dilemma
E)The Crisis

Question 35

The origin of the movement to give more rights to women was probably the

A)Rights Manifesto.
B)Seneca Falls Convention.
C)Nineteenth Amendment.
D)"Rosie the Riveter" worker.
E)Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 36

Congress responded to the feminist movement by passing laws that

A)prohibited discrimination on the basis of gender in employment and among students in any school receiving federal funds.
B)gave women equal access to the entering of all private organizations.
C)outlawed all-male schools.
D)provided free day care and maternal care to all working mothers.
E)prohibited gender discrimination except when there was a compelling justification.

Question 37

Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech was given in front of

A)the White House.
B)the Washington Monument.
C)the Capitol.
D)the Lincoln Memorial.
E)the Library of Congress.

Question 38

Since the 1970s,the Supreme Court has tended to apply this judicial standard to cases of gender discrimination.

A)Reasonable standard
B)Intermediate scrutiny
C)Strict scrutiny
D)None of these choices is true.
E)The court has used all three standards.

Question 39

One factor helping to break the deadlock that developed in the civil rights movement during the early 1960s was the

A)Democratic landslide of 1964.
B)Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v.Board of Education.
C)centralization of power in the House and Senate.
D)civil unrest that shook several northern cities.
E)election of Republican presidents.

Question 40

Drawing on rulings by the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission,the Supreme Court has tried to define sexual harassment by ruling that

A)it is illegal for someone to request sexual favors as a condition of employment or promotion and it is illegal for an employee to experience a work environment that has been made hostile or intimidating by a pattern of offensive sexual teasing,jokes,or obscenity.
B)an employer is not liable if he or she does not know that a subordinate has requested sex in exchange for hiring or promotion.
C)a work environment is not deemed hostile or intimidating by a steady pattern of offensive sexual teasing,jokes,or obscenity.
D)employers are "strictly liable" for a hostile or intimidating work environment even if they did not know about the situation and did nothing about it.
E)sexual harassment claims cannot be made in the absence of at least three witnesses.

Question 41

In this seminal Supreme Court decision,the Court overturned its decision in Bowers by ruling that state laws may not ban sexual relations between same-sex partners.

A)Lawrence v.Texas
B)Loving v.Virginia
C)Bakke v.California
D)Johnson v.Texas
E)Boy Scouts of America v.Dale

Question 42

The Supreme Court's ruling in Bowers v.Hardwick suggested that the right to privacy does not protect

A)issues related to the family.
B)marriage.
C)procreation.
D)homosexual relations.
E)None of these choices is true.

Question 43

The Supreme Court has argued that the right to privacy can be found in of the provisions in the Bill of Rights.

A)all
B)legislative interpretations
C)penumbras
D)the Founders' explanations
E)Thomas Jefferson's view

Question 44

Which of the following are statutory requirements for naturalization?

A)Five years' residency three,if married to a citizen)
B)Good moral character
C)Attachment to constitutional principles
D)Disposition to the good order of the United States
E)Five years' residency,good moral character,attachment to constitutional principles,and a disposition to the good order of the United States are all true.

Question 45

Based on the Supreme Court's decision in Roe,a woman has an unfettered right to an abortion

A)in the first trimester.
B)in the first and second trimesters.
C)in the second trimester.
D)in the second and third trimesters.
E)in the third trimester.

Question 46

Under the Defense of Marriage Act,signed by President Clinton,

A)no state could legalize gay marriage.
B)no state could modify the definition of marriage in any significant way.
C)states that allowed gay marriages would lose federal funds.
D)no state would be forced to recognize a same-sex marriage performed in another state.
E)gays and lesbians could marry in federal courts.

Question 47

The Supreme Court ruled in the Bakke case that

A)explicit numerical quotas are illegal.
B)busing is a legitimate tool to achieve racial balance.
C)race should be taken into account when quotas are used.
D)affirmative action programs are unlawful.
E)affirmative action plans cannot include firings.

Question 48

In United States v.Windsor the Supreme Court held that

A)gay couples in states with legal same sex marriage must receive the same federal benefits that heterosexual married couples receive
B)gay marriage is a fundamental right under the Constitution.
C)the state may not ban sexual relations between same-sex partners.
D)private organizations may not ban gays from its membership.
E)None of these choices is true.

Question 49

In a 2003 case involving admissions practices at the University of Michigan,the Supreme Court reaffirmed its decision in Bakke by rejecting the use of

A)a numerical goal.
B)an exact numerical advantage.
C)a plus factor.
D)a racial measure.
E)an ethnic policy mark.

Question 50

In this seminal decision,the Supreme Court held that a "right to privacy" is "broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate a pregnancy."

A)Griswold v.Connecticut
B)Webster v.Reproductive Health Services
C)Planned Parenthood v.Casey
D)Roe v.Wade
E)Gonzales v.Carhart

Question 51

Supporters of equality of opportunity tend to

A)hold views that favor affirmative action policies.
B)vote independent in elections.
C)live in the New England states.
D)have orthodox beliefs on many issues.
E)have progressive beliefs on many issues.

Question 52

Unlike the Civil Rights Act,the Americans with Disabilities Act ADA)considers

A)the impact on local communities.
B)qualifications and standards.
C)quotas.
D)reverse discrimination.
E)undue hardships.

Question 53

Today,about of aliens who seek citizenship are successful in meeting the statutory requirements to become naturalized citizens.

A)1 percent
B)5 percent
C)12 percent
D)50 percent
E)97 percent

Question 54

Since its decision in Roe,the Supreme Court struck down a state law requiring

A)mandatory 24-hour waiting periods.
B)parental consent for teenagers.
C)provision of pamphlets with information about alternatives to abortion.
D)mandatory consent of husbands.
E)None of these choices is true.

Question 55

The Supreme Court's decision in Casey was notable because

A)it was the first unanimous decision of the Court in an abortion case.
B)the Court struck down a parental consent requirement.
C)the Court struck down a twenty-four-hour waiting period for abortions.
D)Republican appointees struck down numerous restrictions on abortion in the states.
E)Republican appointees joined in an opinion that refused to overturn Roe.

Question 56

The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act granted amnesty and citizenship to illegal aliens who

A)received college diplomas.
B)remained employed for more than one year.
C)voted in all state and local elections.
D)resided continuously in this country since January 1,1982.
E)worked in a job vital to the nation.

Question 57

The Supreme Court first found a "right to privacy" in the case.

A)Griswold
B)Roe
C)Webster
D)Casey
E)Gonzales

Question 58

The Hyde Amendment barred the use of federal funds for abortions

A)for those persons under twenty-one years of age.
B)except when the life of the mother was in danger.
C)except in cases of rape.
D)without parental consent.
E)in the second trimester.

Question 59

Under the Supreme Court's decision in Roe,states may ban abortions

A)in the first trimester.
B)in the first and second trimesters.
C)in the second trimester.
D)in the second and third trimesters.
E)in the third trimester.

Question 60

A supporter of equality of opportunity as a way of redressing past civil rights inequities would be most likely to advocate

A)color-blind administration of the laws.
B)preferential treatment for blacks.
C)comparable-worth pay scales.
D)busing for racial integration of schools.
E)affirmative action.

Question 61

The courts have so far declined to submit laws that treat men and women differently to the strict scrutiny test.

Question 62

In 1883,the Supreme Court ruled that racial discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels)was unconstitutional.

Question 63

A 1992 Supreme Court decision reaffirmed the necessity of busing to achieve full school integration regardless of housing patterns.

Question 64

In Plessy v.Ferguson,the Supreme Court ruled that the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed political equality but not social equality.

Question 65

Findings from social science studies on the impact of segregation on black children influenced the Supreme Court's
ruling in Brown.

Question 66

In 2012,Tammy Baldwin became the first openly gay politician elected to the U.S.Senate.

Question 67

It is illegal for an employee to experience a work environment that has been made hostile or intimidating by a steady pattern of offensive sexual teasing,jokes,or obscenity.

Question 68

The outcome of the 1964 election helped the civil rights forces.

Question 69

In the late 1800s,the Supreme Court struck down a law that required that juries consist only of white males.

Question 70

De jure segregation refers to segregation that is the result of residential patterns as opposed to deliberate government policy.

Question 71

Laws cannot treat people differently.

Question 72

Until 1967,16 states outlawed marriages between whites and nonwhites.

Question 73

Privacy is mentioned only once in the Constitution.

Question 74

In Lawrence v.Texas,gay couples married in states where same-sex marriage is legal must receive the same federal health,tax,and other benefits that heterosexual married couples receive.

Question 75

The decision of the Supreme Court in Brown was unanimous.

Question 76

In the immediate aftermath of Brown v.Board of Education,southern resistance to school integration quickly collapsed.

Question 77

The NAACP was formed by a group consisting of both whites and blacks.

Question 78

In 1989,the Webster case upheld some state restrictions on abortion.

Question 79

The federal government withholding federal aid to segregated schools in the 1970s led many schools to integrate.

Question 80

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Virginia Military Institute when its tradition of admitting only male cadets was challenged.