Deck 4: Marriage and Mate Selection

Question 1

Collectivist cultures are characterized by _______ group boundaries and tend to focus on _______.

A) flexible; shared activities
B) rigid; fulfillment of personal goals
C) firm; group loyalty
D) loose; autonomous goals

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Ethnographic analyses of historical data reveal that about _______ of the men in polygynous societies had more than one wife.

A) 80%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 10%

Answer 2

D

Question 3

J is about to enter an arranged marriage. If you had to guess, which country is J most likely from?

A) India
B) France
C) Canada
D) The United States

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A marriage system in which husbands and wives share the same spouses (that is, a group marriage system) is known as _______.

A) monogamy
B) polygyny
C) cenogamy
D) polyandry

Question 5

Laws which prohibit marriage between closely related individuals are designed to enforce _______.

A) incest taboos
B) polygamy
C) homogamy
D) endogamy

Question 6

The tendency for men and women to marry spouses who resemble them on demographic, personality, and attitudinal variables is called _______.

A) exogamy
B) homogamy
C) heterogamy
D) collectivism

Question 7

"I think I'd like to move to a place where I could have many wives." The man who made this statement prefers which marriage system?

A) Monogamy
B) Polyandry
C) Polygyny
D) Cenogamy

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about marriage is accurate?

A) Arranged marriage is the dominant marriage arrangement in individualist societies.
B) The primary motivation for free-choice marriages is to unite families and maintain social order.
C) Love-based marriage does not occur in collectivist societies.
D) Egalitarian marriages primarily occur in individualist societies.

Question 9

Cliff and Claire have been married for five years. Both work outside the home and are actively involved in raising their two children. Each serves as a source of support and affection for the other. This marriage would be labeled _______ by relationship scholars.

A) egalitarian
B) social status
C) domestic
D) traditional

Question 10

"I think I'd like to move to a place where I could have many husbands." The woman who made this statement prefers which marriage system?

A) Monogamy
B) Polyandry
C) Polygyny
D) Cenogamy

Question 11

Many researchers have found positive correlations between spouses on a variety of attributes, including education level, attitudes and values, and cognitive abilities. These findings illustrate _______.

A) exogamy
B) collectivism
C) heterogamy
D) homogamy

Question 12

Historically, which one of the following elements is part of the common definition of marriage?

A) Economic, social, and reproductive cooperation
B) Nonsanctioned by societies
C) Universal rituals and customs
D) Honeymoon

Question 13

Rhonda married Race when she was 26. They divorced two years later, and Rhonda married Roman. She and Roman divorced six years later. Rhonda then met and married Ron, and the two just celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary. Rhonda's marriage pattern is best described as _______.

A) binuclear marriage
B) polygamy
C) serial monogamy
D) romantic pair bonding

Question 14

The mate selection pattern in which people marry successive partners over their life spans is known as _______.

A) serial monogamy
B) polygamy
C) serial romance
D) binuclear marriage

Question 15

Ricky and Lucy are married. Ricky works outside the home and is the sole "breadwinner" for the family. Lucy spends her time raising their two children and taking care of domestic responsibilities. Their marriage would be considered _______.

A) egalitarian
B) equal status
C) domesticated
D) traditional

Question 16

The tendency to marry outside of one's own familial or kinship group is known as _______.

A) homogamy
B) exogamy
C) incest avoidance
D) serial monogamy

Question 17

In _______ marriages, both partners are expected to contribute affection and emotion, social support, and financial resources to the relationship.

A) arranged
B) free-choice
C) peer
D) traditional

Question 18

Marriages based on mutual attraction and feelings of personal compatibility are generally known as _______ marriages.

A) collectivist
B) free-choice
C) arranged
D) individualist

Question 19

Data compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau indicate that marriage rates have declined _______.

A) only in the United States
B) in the United States and around the world
C) in all countries but the United States
D) only in Europe

Question 20

In all but a small percentage of societies, the predominant form of marriage practiced by both men and women is _______.

A) monogamy
B) polygyny
C) polyandry
D) polygynandry

Question 21

Research indicates that marriage has changed considerably over time. How?

A) Marriage rates have dramatically increased around the world.
B) The age at which people first marry has decreased rapidly over time.
C) Most adults now hold negative attitudes about marriage.
D) The number of arranged marriages has decreased in many cultures.

Question 22

Which one of the following is increasingly viewed as an important consideration in marital choice across cultures?

A) Love
B) Money
C) Social status
D) Physical attractiveness

Question 23

Judy and Roger have their own apartments but spend four or five nights together each week, sometimes in his place and sometimes in hers. How would social scientists describe their relationship?

A) Stayover
B) Cohabitation
C) Premarital
D) Casual dating

Question 24

Longitudinal studies generally find that marital satisfaction . . .

A) Declines steadily over time
B) Increases for the first four years of marriage and then rapidly declines
C) Remains stable for most couples over time
D) Rapidly declines in the first year of marriage and then increases

Question 25

Jesse and James cohabited before they got married. Marika and Mario did not cohabit before they got married. Based on your knowledge of research in the area of cohabitation and marital outcomes, what might the future hold for these two couples?

A) Jesse and James are more likely to experience positive marital outcomes.
B) Marika and Mario are more likely to experience negative marital outcomes.
C) Marika and Mario are more likely to experience positive marital outcomes.
D) The two couples will have virtually identical marital experiences.

Question 26

The cohabitation effect refers to the finding that . . .

A) Rates of cohabitation are increasing around the world
B) The age at which people first cohabit is decreasing
C) Many couples use cohabitation as a "test run" for marriage
D) Couples who cohabit early in their relationship are at greater risk for poor marital outcomes

Question 27

Of the following people, who is likely to do the most housework?

A) Ian, a heterosexual married man
B) Janice, a homosexual woman in a civil union
C) Kimberly, a heterosexual married woman
D) Lonny, a homosexual married man

Question 28

Which of the following is generally true of married women?

A) They do the same amount of housework as married men.
B) They do 2 to 3 times as much housework as married men.
C) They spent much less time per week on housework than married men.
D) They do more cooking but less cleaning and routine housework than married men.

Question 29

Research suggests that _______ tend to hold the most egalitarian attitudes toward division of household labor.

A) heterosexual married couples who did not cohabit prior to marriage
B) engaged couples
C) single people
D) heterosexual cohabiters and homosexual cohabiters

Question 30

Data compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau indicate that the average age at first marriage has _______ over time.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) remained the same
D) increased for women and decreased for men

Question 31

On which dimension do cohabiters experience more beneficial outcomes than their married counterparts?

A) Commitment
B) Satisfaction
C) Division of household labor
D) Communication

Question 32

_______ is a type of long-term romantic relationship in which two unmarried people live together and coordinate their economic, social, sexual, and reproductive activities.

A) Civil commitment
B) Near-peer union
C) Cohabitation
D) Serial monogamy

Question 33

Research indicates that premarital cohabitation is associated with which of the following marital outcomes?

A) Higher levels of satisfaction
B) Lower levels of commitment
C) Higher amounts of supportive behavior
D) Lower amounts of conflict

Question 34

Which one of the following statements concerning same-sex marriage in the United States is accurate?

A) Federal law allows states to permit or to ban same-sex marriage.
B) The federal government no longer defines marriage as a heterosexual union.
C) The federal government does not recognize same-sex marriages.
D) All but two states allow same-sex marriages.

Question 35

Which one of the following statements about marital satisfaction is accurate?

A) Married couples generally are fairly unhappy at any given time.
B) Satisfaction tends to increase fairly steadily throughout marriage.
C) Marriage is usually associated with personal happiness only for women.
D) Most married couples are relatively satisfied with their relationships.