Question 1

Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature?&#10;A) red&#10;B) orange&#10;C) yellow&#10;D) blue&#10;

Accepted Answer

Red stars have the coolest surface temperature because they have less energy and emit mostly in the red and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Blue stars have the hottest surface temperature because they emit mostly in the ultraviolet and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, indicating higher energy levels.

Question 2

In the early 1700's Kant suggested there were many galaxies visible from Earth but the idea was not popular because___________ . A) the "Big Bang" theory did not support that concept B) that hypothesis would require that objects travel faster than the speed of light C) that hypothesis would require a significantly larger universe than was widely accepted at that time D) only modern satellite data supports that point of view E) at that time, people generally believed the earth was the center of the universe.

Accepted Answer

At that time, the prevailing view was that the universe was relatively small and that Earth was the center of it. Kant's suggestion of many visible galaxies would require a significantly larger universe than what was widely accepted at that time.

Question 3

Apparent magnitude is___________ .&#10;A) how large stars truly are&#10;B) how bright stars truly are&#10;C) how large stars appear to be from Earth&#10;D) how bright stars appear to be from Earth&#10;

Accepted Answer

Apparent magnitude is a measure of how bright a celestial object appears to an observer on Earth. It is not related to the actual size or physical properties of the object.

Question 4

A Hertzsprung- Russell diagram H- R Diagram. is a plot of___________ .&#10;A) brightness versus temperature&#10;B) temperature versus color&#10;C) size versus color&#10;D) color versus brightness&#10;E) size versus brightness&#10;

Accepted Answer

The Hertzsprung- Russell diagram (H- R Diagram) is a plot of brightness versus temperature for a group of stars. In this diagram, stars are placed based on their luminosity (brightness) and temperature.

Question 5

The main difference between Bright and Dark Nebulae is___________ .&#10;A) the composition of their dust&#10;B) their proximity to a black hole&#10;C) the composition of their gases&#10;D) their proximity to a blue star&#10;E) none of the above&#10;

Accepted Answer

Bright nebulae are illuminated by nearby stars, often blue stars, while dark nebulae do not have nearby stars to illuminate them, making them appear dark.

Question 6

Fluorescence occurs when___________ .&#10;A) visible light is converted to infrared light&#10;B) ultraviolet light is converted to visible light&#10;C) infrared light is converted to visible light&#10;D) infrared light is converted to ultraviolet light&#10;E) visible light is converted to ultraviolet light&#10;

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence occurs when a substance absorbs light of one wavelength (typically ultraviolet light), and then emits light at a longer wavelength in the visible range. In other words, ultraviolet light is converted to visible light. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 7

Which color stars have the highest surface temperature?&#10;A) red&#10;B) orange&#10;C) yellow&#10;D) blue&#10;

Accepted Answer

Blue stars have the highest surface temperature, ranging from about 10,000 to 50,000 Kelvin.

Question 8

The reason scientists believe the reflective bright nebulae contain more heavy materials than the emission bright nebulae is that___________ .&#10;A) they are blue, and that color is associated with carbon&#10;B) they glow brighter than an energy emission source could produce&#10;C) they are dimmer than a low density source could produce&#10;D) they are brighter than a low density source could produce&#10;E) they reflect more colors than the emission nebulae&#10;

Accepted Answer

The question mentions "heavy materials," which likely refers to elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. The brightness of nebulae is related to their density, with denser regions appearing brighter. Option D states that the reflective bright nebulae are brighter than a low density source could produce, indicating that they are denser and likely contain more heavy materials. The other options do not provide a clear explanation for why reflective bright nebulae would contain more heavy materials.

Question 9

What was Hubble's major contribution to Cosmology?&#10;A) He identified Cepheid Variable stars.&#10;B) He proved the Big Bang Theory.&#10;C) He developed a new method for measuring the absolute magnitude of stars.&#10;D) He identified numerous new galaxies outside the Milky Way.&#10;E) He measured the size of the universe.&#10;

Accepted Answer

Hubble's major contribution to cosmology was identifying numerous new galaxies outside the Milky Way, which led to the realization that the universe is far larger than previously thought. He also discovered the relationship between the recessional velocity of galaxies and their distance from Earth, which provided evidence for the expansion of the universe and ultimately led to the development of the Big Bang Theory. However, he did not prove the theory himself.

Question 10

The red color of emission nebulae comes from the___________ .&#10;A) energy emission of hydrogen&#10;B) conversion of ultraviolet light to visible light&#10;C) energy emission of helium&#10;D) energy emission of oxygen&#10;E) conversion of infrared light to visible light&#10;

Accepted Answer

The red color of emission nebulae predominantly comes from the energy emission of hydrogen atoms. As the hydrogen atoms in the nebula are excited by radiation from nearby stars, they emit energy in the form of light, and much of this energy is in the red part of the spectrum.

Question 11

Interstellar matter is composed primarily of___________ .&#10;A) oxygen&#10;B) helium&#10;C) ions&#10;D) hydrogen&#10;E) dust&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interstellar matter is composed primarily of___________ .&#10;A)...

Question 12

Which main- sequence stars are the most massive?&#10;A) red&#10;B) orange&#10;C) yellow&#10;D) blue&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which main- sequence stars are the most...

Question 13

Which of the following events is not part of the history associated with the Big Bang Theory? A) The first matter formed 380,000 years after the formation of the universe. B) Our Sun formed approximately 9 billion years after the universe formed. C) Just before Big Bang occurred, there was only energy and disassociated electrons and protons. D) About 13.7 billion years ago, our universe started with a huge explosion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following events is not...

Question 14

Cepheid Variables are stars whose brightness varies in a predictable manner so that the absolute magnitude of the star can be determined, and this allows the ___________of the star to be determined.&#10;A) distance from Earth&#10;B) size&#10;C) direction of motion&#10;D) composition&#10;E) velocity&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cepheid Variables are stars whose brightness varies...

Question 15

Fluorescence is a characteristic of ___________.&#10;A) blue nebulae&#10;B) reflection nebulae&#10;C) planetary nebulae&#10;D) dark nebulae&#10;E) emission nebulae&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fluorescence is a characteristic of ___________.&#10;A) blue...

Question 16

Which main- sequence stars are the least massive?&#10;A) red&#10;B) orange&#10;C) yellow&#10;D) blue&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which main- sequence stars are the least...

Question 17

When viewed through an optical telescope, planetary nebula___________ .&#10;A) have visible planets within their cloud of debris&#10;B) are spherical in form and often have &#34;rings&#34; like Saturn&#10;C) look like giant planets such as Jupiter&#10;D) show the explosive form of the dead sun&#10;E) still have planets orbiting the cloud&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of When viewed through an optical telescope, planetary...

Question 18

Why did Hubble think the Cepheid variables he saw in &#34;Fuzzy Patches&#34; were outside the Milky Way?&#10;A) They were dim.&#10;B) They had a red shift character.&#10;C) Their brightness varied.&#10;D) They were small.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did Hubble think the Cepheid variables...

Question 19

What two elements formed first?&#10;A) protons and neutrons&#10;B) electrons and protons&#10;C) helium and oxygen&#10;D) helium and hydrogen&#10;E) hydrogen and oxygen&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of What two elements formed first?&#10;A) protons and...

Question 20

The densest stars known to exist are ___________.&#10;A) neutron stars&#10;B) white dwarfs&#10;C) red dwarfs&#10;D) black holes&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The densest stars known to exist are...

Question 21

Balance for a main sequence star is achieved when___________ .&#10;A) nuclear fusion and fission occur at the same rate&#10;B) temperature matches the rate of nuclear fusion&#10;C) gravitational collapse matches gas pressure&#10;D) gas pressure matches temperature&#10;E) all of the above&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Balance for a main sequence star is...

Question 22

The first stars formed about 300 million years after Big Bang in the most massive nebulae because___________ . A) all of the nebulae at that time were massive and it was not until much later that smaller nebulae formed B) the massive nebulae had enough gravity to collapse and condense C) only the massive nebulae had the material needed to make stars D) the massive nebulae had enough gravity to attract star material early in the history of the universe E) it took that long for enough matter to form to make a star

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first stars formed about 300 million...

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of first generation stars? A) They are short- lived. B) They are very dense. C) They are composed primarily of hydrogen. D) They are massive. E) They have violent, explosive deaths.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not true...

Question 24

The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its remaining thermal energy as light is the ___________stage.&#10;A) white dwarf&#10;B) black hole&#10;C) main- sequence star&#10;D) red giant&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The point in stellar evolution when a...

Question 25

A blue star is___________ our Sun.&#10;A) colder and smaller than&#10;B) hotter and larger than&#10;C) colder and larger than&#10;D) hotter and smaller than&#10;E) approximately the same temperature and size as&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A blue star is___________ our Sun.&#10;A) colder...

Question 26

A red star is___________ our Sun.&#10;A) hotter and larger than&#10;B) hotter and smaller than&#10;C) colder and larger than&#10;D) colder and smaller than&#10;E) approximately the same temperature and size as&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A red star is___________ our Sun.&#10;A) hotter...

Question 27

Every stage of a star's life is ruled by___________ .&#10;A) its location in the galaxy&#10;B) the amount of dark matter it possesses&#10;C) inertia&#10;D) gravity&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Every stage of a star's life is...

Question 28

A star with the same color as another but 100 times brighter must be ___________.&#10;A) 100 times colder&#10;B) 100 times closer&#10;C) 100 times hotter&#10;D) 100 times larger&#10;E) none of the above&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A star with the same color as...

Question 29

What is a &#34;main sequence star&#34;?&#10;A) a star that falls in a band in a band on the H- R Diagram with most other stars&#10;B) a star that is aligned with many other, similar colored stars&#10;C) a star that shows the same trend in distance from earth and temperature as many other stars&#10;D) a star that is in a group of stars with similar ages and sizes&#10;E) a star that is statistically indistinguishable from 90% of all stars&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a &#34;main sequence star&#34;?&#10;A) a...

Question 30

Most stars are in this stage of evolution.&#10;A) black hole&#10;B) red giant&#10;C) main- sequence star&#10;D) white dwarf&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most stars are in this stage of...

Question 31

The final stage for a star which is as massive as the Sun is a ___________.&#10;A) red giant&#10;B) white dwarf&#10;C) black hole&#10;D) main- sequence star&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The final stage for a star which...

Question 32

A main- sequence star like our sun is expected to be stable for approximately ___________.
A. 10 billion years
B. 100 million years
C. 1 billion years
D. 10 million years
E. 100 billion years

Accepted Answer

The answer of A main- sequence star like our sun...

Question 33

What is the dominant factor in the life of a star?&#10;A) gravity&#10;B) size&#10;C) energy&#10;D) temperature&#10;E) composition&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the dominant factor in the...

Question 34

The Sun belongs to this class of stars.&#10;A) main- sequence star&#10;B) red giant&#10;C) white dwarf&#10;D) black hole&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Sun belongs to this class of...

Question 35

A neutron star theoretically will form from a supernovae collapse that ___________.&#10;A) converts the atomic nucleus to a small volume with high mass by expelling all neutrons&#10;B) forms ions that bond electrostatically into very small volumes&#10;C) compresses all atoms so that electrons are so close to the nucleus that all of the protons are converted to neutrons&#10;D) fuses all of the atoms into super atoms with very high atomic numbers&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A neutron star theoretically will form from...

Question 36

A red giant has ___________.&#10;A) a hydrogen- rich core&#10;B) an iron- rich core&#10;C) high gas pressure&#10;D) a helium- rich core&#10;E) no outer shell&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A red giant has ___________.&#10;A) a hydrogen-...

Question 37

The temperature of a red giant increases rapidly because___________ .&#10;A) gravitational energy is converted to heat&#10;B) friction from the collapse creates heat&#10;C) endothermic chemical reactions occur&#10;D) exothermic chemical reactions occur&#10;E) fusion increases and gives off heat&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The temperature of a red giant increases...

Question 38

Prior to the formation of the protostar,___________ . A) the temperature of the cloud is greater than 10,000 K B) the interstellar clouds are composed of equal amounts of hydrogen and helium C) nuclear fusion converts hydrogen to helium D) nuclear fusion does not occur

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prior to the formation of the protostar,___________...

Question 39

Low mass stars generally end up as___________ dwarfs.&#10;A) yellow&#10;B) blue&#10;C) white&#10;D) red&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Low mass stars generally end up as___________...

Question 40

On a Hertzprung- Russell Diagram, our Sun is classified as___________ .&#10;A) a super star&#10;B) a yellow giant&#10;C) a mediocre star&#10;D) an average star&#10;E) a yellow dwarf&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of On a Hertzprung- Russell Diagram, our Sun...

Question 41

___________is the study of the universe, including its properties, structure, and evolution.&#10;A) astrology&#10;B) stellography&#10;C) cosmology&#10;D) quasology&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________is the study of the universe, including...

Question 42

Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their___________ .&#10;A) distance&#10;B) mass&#10;C) orientation&#10;D) volume&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding...

Question 43

What is the main factor that determines what will happen to a star after it consumes all of its nuclear fuel?&#10;A) temperature&#10;B) velocity&#10;C) size&#10;D) mass&#10;E) composition&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main factor that determines...

Question 44

A pea- sized sample of a neutron star would weigh ___________tons.&#10;A) 110&#10;B) 100 million&#10;C) 0.8&#10;D) 27,000&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pea- sized sample of a neutron...

Question 45

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) neutron star B) main sequence C) Red Giant D) Red Supergiants

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the words and/or phrases below and...

Question 46

Degenerate matter can have densities 1 million times greater than the density of water, and they achieve this density by___________.&#10;A) converting the atomic nucleus to a small volume with high mass by expelling all neutrons&#10;B) compressing all of the electrons so that they are close to the nucleus&#10;C) forming ions that bond electrostatically so that there volume is very small&#10;D) fusing all of their atoms into super atoms with very high atomic numbers&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Degenerate matter can have densities 1 million...

Question 47

Based on the observed red shifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, astronomers conclude that___________ .&#10;A) the universe is expanding&#10;B) the universe is contracting&#10;C) Earth is in the center of the universe&#10;D) the universe is in a steady state&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the observed red shifts in...

Question 48

Evidence for the existence of dark matter includes___________. A) the observation that Mercury rotates about the Sun faster than Pluto B) the observation that stars near the center of galaxies do not rotate as fast as expected C) the observation that the universe appears to be slowing down D) the observation that the universe is not expanding as fast as predicted by Big Bang Theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence for the existence of dark matter...

Question 49

Spiral galaxies tend to resemble a pinwheel because___________ .&#10;A) stars in the center of galaxy are moving more slowly than the ones on the outer edges&#10;B) stars are moving from the center to the edges of the galaxy&#10;C) stars in the center of the galaxy are moving faster than the ones on the outer edges&#10;D) the barred structures form twisted pathways that distort the flow patterns&#10;E) the stars in the center are very old and large while the outer edges of the galaxy contain the youngest and smallest stars&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spiral galaxies tend to resemble a pinwheel...

Question 50

What was the test of the Big Bang Hypothesis discussed in your text?&#10;A) There should be more expansion in older galaxies than in young ones.&#10;B) We should be able to measure how atoms have changed through fusion since the original explosion.&#10;C) The universe should be expanding.&#10;D) We should be able to detect remnants of the initial heat of the universe.&#10;E) We should be able to model how the galaxies have moved and reconstruct the original explosion.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the test of the Big...

Question 51

There are three possible fates for the universe: 1. eternal expansion; 2. total collapse; or 3. some equilibrium condition with no further motion. What conditions might favor one result over the other?&#10;A) Critical volume-is the universe large enough for unlimited expansion?&#10;B) Critical velocity-is there enough momentum to continue expansion forever?&#10;C) Critical energy-is there enough energy in the universe to maintain either expansion or collapse?&#10;D) Critical density-is there enough mass in the universe to cause gravitational collapse?&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are three possible fates for the...

Question 52

How do astronomers believe an irregular galaxy forms? A) They are young galaxies that have not yet developed a more regular form. B) Several regular galaxies of different sizes merge. C) They form when an elliptical and a spiral galaxy merge. D) They are two or more galaxies that have not completed their merger. E) They are regular galaxies that are distorted by the gravity field of a large nearby galaxy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do astronomers believe an irregular galaxy...

Question 53

The largest known galaxies are ___________.&#10;A) elliptical&#10;B) round&#10;C) spiral&#10;D) irregular&#10;E) barred spiral&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The largest known galaxies are ___________.&#10;A) elliptical&#10;B)...

Question 54

Galaxies are collections of___________ .&#10;A) ice&#10;B) interstellar matter&#10;C) planets&#10;D) comets&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Galaxies are collections of___________ .&#10;A) ice&#10;B) interstellar...

Question 55

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) neutron star B) white dwarf C) black hole D) supernova

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the words and/or phrases below and...

Question 56

Slipher made the observation that galaxies rotated and moved relative to each other. Hubble expanded on this work to show that___________ .&#10;A) galaxies within the Local Group rotate more than other galaxies&#10;B) the relative motion between adjacent galaxies varies&#10;C) galaxies within the Local Group rotate less than other galaxies&#10;D) the rates of rotation varied within galaxies&#10;E) all galaxies except those in the Local Group are moving away from the Milky Way&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Slipher made the observation that galaxies rotated...

Question 57

Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size?&#10;A) nebula&#10;B) stars&#10;C) globular clusters&#10;D) galaxies&#10;E) galactic clusters&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the objects listed below...

Question 58

Big Bang Theory suggests that prior to the Big Bang, the universe was___________ .&#10;A) a giant neutron star&#10;B) a collapsed supernova&#10;C) nothing&#10;D) in a very hot and massive state&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Big Bang Theory suggests that prior to...

Question 59

The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called ___________.&#10;A) the Doppler effect&#10;B) Hubble's Law&#10;C) Einstein's Law&#10;D) the Big Bang&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The discovery that the universe appears to...

Question 60

Examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option that does not fit the pattern. A) color B) magnitude C) composition D) temperature

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the words and/or phrases below and...

Question 61

The red shift refers to ___________.&#10;A) the red light emitted by planets as they rotate on their axis&#10;B) a visual effect related to the Doppler effect and stars moving further away&#10;C) the tendency of redder stars to be located in the edges of the universe&#10;D) the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The red shift refers to ___________.&#10;A) the...

Question 62

The Milky Way is classified as an___________galaxy.&#10;A) disk&#10;B) spiral&#10;C) irregular&#10;D) elliptical&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Milky Way is classified as an___________galaxy.&#10;A)...

Question 63

A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull is called an___________ .&#10;A) dark matter&#10;B) supernova&#10;C) red spiral&#10;D) black hole&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A star in which light cannot escape...

Question 64

Our galaxy is called the___________ .&#10;A) Andromedia&#10;B) Milky Way&#10;C) Whirlpool&#10;D) Black Eye&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Our galaxy is called the___________ .&#10;A) Andromedia&#10;B)...

Deck 24: Beyond Our Solar System