Deck 14: B--The Urinary System

Question 1

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the pathological effects of renal failure?

Answer 2

Renal failure can result in: (1) Uremic toxicity caused by retention of waste products. This can result in vomiting, diarrhea, ulcers, excessive bleeding (resulting from the toxic effect on platelets), reduced alertness, insomnia, shortened attention span, convulsions, coma, and abnormal sensory and motor activity due to the toxic effect on nerves.
(2) Metabolic acidosis caused by the inability of the kidneys to secrete H⁺ adequately. This can then alter enzyme activity and depress the central nervous system.
(3) Imbalances in sodium, potassium, phosphate, and calcium ions due to an inability to process filtrate. This can lead to severe blood pressure fluctuations, edema, congestive heart failure, and circulatory shock.
(4) Loss of plasma proteins since the glomeruli may be leakier-than-normal.
(5) Anemia caused by inadequate erythropoietin production.
(6) Depression of the immune system caused by toxic levels of wastes and acids.

Question 3

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Glomerulus:
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Answer 3

Glomerulus: 7; e

Question 4

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 5

Describe micturition in an adult and baby. Include the following in your

Question 6

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Ascending limb
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 7

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Efferent arteriole:
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 8

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Afferent arteriole:
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 9

Describe the countercurrent multiplication phenomenon in juxtamedullary nephrons and its contribution to water conservation in the kidneys.

Question 10

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Proximal tubule:
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 11

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is autoregulated. Include the following in your

Question 12

Describe how renin can ultimately increase the kidney's ability to conserve water in the DCT. Include the following in your

Question 13

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Bowman's capsule
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 14

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Distal tubule
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 15

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Collecting duct:
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________

Question 16

Match the number on the figure to the structure's location, and match the structure with all letters that correspond to appropriate functions. Some letters may be used more than once, or not at all. Read all statements to make sure you include all letters that apply.
Descending limb
Location ____________________
Function(s) ____________________