Deck 12: Services and Settlements

Question 1

A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement?

A) urban
B) linear rural
C) dispersed rural
D) clustered rural
E) primordial

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Daily Urban Systems
This map indicates that

A) urban systems are only available during the daytime in rural areas.
B) daily urban systems tend to cover much larger areas in western states.
C) daily urban systems tend to cover much smaller areas in western states.
D) daily urban systems in western states are about the same size as those in eastern states.
E) western states do not tend to have daily urban systems.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Consumer services include

A) educational, retail, wholesale, social, leisure, and hospitality jobs.
B) educational, retail, wholesale, professional, and financial service jobs.
C) educational, retail, wholesale, and financial service jobs.
D) health and social, professional, and financial service jobs.
E) wholesale, social, leisure, and information service jobs.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A primate city is

A) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions.
B) at least twice as large as the next smaller city.
C) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese.
D) a rapidly growing city.
E) the center of gravity for a hinterland.

Question 5

Most people in the world live in what type of settlement?

A) clustered rural
B) dispersed rural
C) urban settlement
D) agricultural
E) primordial

Question 6

In the United States educational services account for about ________ of jobs.

A) 10 percent
B) 2 percent
C) 1 percent
D) 35 percent
E) 25 percent

Question 7

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution?

A) central place
B) economic base
C) primate city
D) rank-size
E) equidistant

Question 8

Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in

A) agriculture.
B) manufacturing.
C) services.
D) education.
E) cities.

Question 9

Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service?

A) transportation services
B) retail and wholesale services
C) education services
D) health services
E) hospitality services

Question 10

This map of the percentage of GDP from services indicates that services account for between 60 and 69 percent of GDP in

A) Russia, Australia, and Germany.
B) South Africa, Namibia, and Mexico.
C) Mexico, Canada, and Russia.
D) Brazil, Mexico, and Yemen.
E) Brazil, the United States, and Canada.

Question 11

A central place is a

A) hinterland.
B) market center.
C) range of a good.
D) rank-size distribution.
E) hexagonal settlement.

Question 12

This map of central place theory in North Dakota indicates that

A) New Town is less than 10 miles from Parshall, and Parshall is less than 10 miles from Makoti.
B) New Town is less than 20 miles from Parshall, and Parshall is less than 20 miles from Makoti.
C) New Town is less than 30 miles from Parshall, and Parshall is less than 30 miles from Makoti.
D) Minot is about 100 miles west of Rugby, and Stanley is about 100 miles west of Minot.
E) Minot is about 120 miles west of Rugby, and Stanley is about 120 miles west of Minot.

Question 13

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the

A) hinterland.
B) range.
C) threshold.
D) median.
E) meridian

Question 14

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the

A) hinterland.
B) range.
C) threshold.
D) median.
E) meridian.

Question 15

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city?

A) 50,000
B) 100,000
C) 200,000
D) 500,000
E) 5,000,000

Question 16

This map of central place theory in North Dakota indicates that the populations of

A) Rugby and Granville are smaller than Towner.
B) Granville and Towner are smaller than Rugby.
C) New Town and Stanley are larger than Minot.
D) Bottineau is smaller than Lansford.
E) Lansford is larger than Minot.

Question 17

The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the

A) primate city.
B) economic base.
C) gravity model.
D) rank-size rule.
E) nesting of settlements.

Question 18

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is

A) hinterland.
B) range.
C) threshold.
D) median.
E) meridian

Question 19

This map indicates that services account for less than 60 percent of GDP in

A) South Africa and India.
B) Colombia and Venezuela.
C) Australia and India.
D) China and India.
E) Brazil, Russia, and Namibia.

Question 20

In the United States about ________ of all jobs are in consumer services.

A) 50 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 5 percent
D) 75 percent
E) 25 percent

Question 21

An analysis of this map of global cities indicates that

A) Chicago is an alpha-ranked world city.
B) New York City is a beta-ranked world city.
C) Sao Paulo is a beta-ranked world city.
D) Lima, Peru, is an alpha-ranked world city.
E) Cairo is an alpha-ranked world city.

Question 22

Back-office functions are also called

A) business-process offshore banking.
B) market threshold outsourcing.
C) command and control centering.
D) business-process outsourcing.
E) tax advantage outsourcing.

Question 23

An analysis of this U.S. map indicates that

A) Phoenix is Gamma-ranked and San Diego is Beta-ranked.
B) Phoenix is ranked above Denver.
C) New York City is ranked below Chicago.
D) New York City is Beta- and Gamma-ranked.
E) San Diego is Gamma-ranked and Phoenix is Beta-ranked.

Question 24

What technical development has allowed back-office functions to relocate to LDCs?

A) telecommunications
B) standard time zones
C) improved public health services in tropical countries
D) financial market reforms
E) effective trademark enforcement

Question 25

Periodic markets are likely to feature

A) vendors who move from town to town.
B) prices that change on a seasonal schedule.
C) large sales after the holiday season.
D) a daily offering of business services throughout the year.
E) consumer goods that change periodically in the central business district.

Question 26

Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are

A) more numerous and closer together.
B) more numerous and farther apart.
C) less numerous and farther apart.
D) less numerous and closer together.
E) more numerous.

Question 27

In a linear community, we can deduce that the best location for a service is the

A) hinterland.
B) range.
C) threshold.
D) median.
E) meridian.

Question 28

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is

A) directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it.
B) directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland.
C) directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.
D) directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it.
E) directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area.

Question 29

The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the

A) gravity model.
B) population model.
C) distance decay.
D) gravitational model.
E) threshold model.

Question 30

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is

A) a circle.
B) a hexagon.
C) a square.
D) a pentagon.
E) an octagon.

Question 31

A ________ is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services.

A) state capital
B) hospital
C) large casino complex
D) shopping mall
E) retirement community

Question 32

The attraction of the outsourced "call center" industry to locate in India can best be explained by

A) low wages and the wide use of English.
B) low wages and geographic situational factors.
C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students.
D) Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors.
E) low wages and desperate conditions.

Question 33

World cities are defined by

A) the number and type of business services found there.
B) their total population.
C) their location relative to other cities.
D) the number of museums, monuments, and universities they offer.
E) their total population in relation to major capital cities.

Question 34

An analysis of this map of global cities indicates that

A) Chicago is ranked above Sao Paulo.
B) New York City is ranked below London.
C) Sao Paulo is ranked above Chicago.
D) Moscow is ranked above Sao Paulo.
E) Cairo is ranked above Beijing.

Question 35

What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs?

A) political stability and cultural diversity
B) market threshold and service range
C) military training and proximity to command and control centers
D) low wage rates and workers who can speak English
E) tax advantages and bank secrecy laws

Question 36

LDCs specialize in what two types of global business services?

A) management consulting and staff training
B) regional command and control centers
C) biotechnology and medical research
D) entertainment and recreation
E) offshore financial and back office

Question 37

Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of

A) economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.
B) economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors.
C) central place theory and gravity models.
D) hinterland models.
E) political and infrastructure factors.

Question 38

An analysis of this U.S. map indicates that

A) Indianapolis is Gamma-ranked and Denver is Beta-ranked.
B) Indianapolis is Beta-ranked and Denver is Alpha-ranked.
C) Indianapolis is Gamma-ranked and Denver is Alpha-ranked.
D) San Diego is Gamma-ranked and Denver is Alpha-ranked.
E) Indianapolis is Gamma-ranked and Detroit is Gamma-ranked.

Question 39

Two major benefits many LDCs offer in terms of global financial services are

A) tax breaks and privacy.
B) command and control centers and low wages.
C) dependent centers and tax breaks.
D) command and control centers and dependent centers.
E) privacy and low wages.

Question 40

The attraction of the outsourced "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by

A) bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.
B) low wages, bank secrecy laws, and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.
C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students in the Cayman Islands.
D) the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries and the hiding of prostitution and capital crimes.
E) corporate greed and the hiding of unethical and illegal behaviors, including prostitution.

Question 41

The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of

A) collective land ownership.
B) common grazing land.
C) inheritance laws.
D) need for access to a river.
E) long distance between farms.

Question 42

Because of its centrality in an ancient communications network, we still have the old saying "All roads lead to ________."

A) Paris
B) Athens
C) Rome
D) Genoa
E) London

Question 43

This map of offshore financial centers indicates that

A) Gibraltar is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.
B) New Zealand is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.
C) Mauritius is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.
D) Mauritius is a dependency that is also an offshore banking center.
E) there are more offshore banking centers in Asia than in the Caribbean.

Question 44

The most prominent structure in the ancient city of Athens was the ________, which still overlooks the city.

A) pyramid
B) Great Pyramid
C) Parthenon
D) cathedral
E) Ziggurat

Question 45

Urban residents are generally more tolerant of ________ than are the residents of rural communities, but residents of urban settlements often feel that they are surrounded by people who are indifferent and reserved.

A) discrimination
B) political insiders
C) tax shelters
D) uniform social behavior
E) diverse social behavior

Question 46

Urbanization can be analyzed by looking at the increase in the ________ of people living in cities.

A) number and percentage
B) number and homogeneity
C) percentage and density
D) density and heterogeneity
E) size and density

Question 47

The most prominent structure in the ancient city of Ur was the stepped temple called the ________, which was built about 4,000 years ago.

A) pyramid
B) Great Pyramid
C) Ziggurat
D) cathedral
E) Parthenon

Question 48

Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity?

A) video rental store
B) grocery store
C) gas station
D) steel mill
E) travel agency

Question 49

Which of the following is considered to be a hearth of urban settlement?

A) Rome
B) North Africa
C) southern Africa
D) Australia
E) Mesopotamia

Question 50

According to these "geography of talent" maps,

A) the share of university graduates in the Atlanta area is greater than the share in the Memphis, Los Angeles, Miami, and Chicago areas.
B) the share of university graduates in the Atlanta area is greater than the share in the Memphis, Los Angeles, Miami, Boston, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Chicago areas.
C) the share of university graduates in the Los Angeles area is greater than the share in the Memphis, Boston, and Chicago areas.
D) the share of university graduates in the Los Angeles area is greater than the share in the Washington, D.C. area.
E) the share of university graduates in the Dallas area is greater than the share in the Boston and Atlanta areas.

Question 51

This map of offshore financial centers indicates that

A) most are concentrated in South America.
B) many are concentrated in the United States.
C) many are concentrated in the eastern Caribbean.
D) many are concentrated in East Asia.
E) there are more offshore banking centers in Europe than in the Caribbean.

Question 52

According to these "geography of talent" maps,

A) the proportion of professionals in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area is greater than the proportion in the Chicago area.
B) the proportion of professionals in the Phoenix area is greater than the proportion in the Denver area.
C) the proportion of professionals in the Phoenix and San Diego areas is greater than the proportion in the Denver and St. Louis areas.
D) the proportion of professionals in the Las Vegas area is greater than the proportion in the Milwaukee area.
E) the proportion of professionals in the Miami area is greater than the proportion in the Washington, D.C., area.

Question 53

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?

A) Middle Atlantic
B) New England
C) Southeast
D) Coastal margins
E) West

Question 54

Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of

A) talent and diversity.
B) central places.
C) talent and economic prosperity.
D) rural and urban settlements.
E) business and consumer services.

Question 55

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a

A) basic industry.
B) functional classification.
C) nonbasic industry.
D) primate city.
E) consumer service.

Question 56

Heterogeneity is more a characteristic of

A) suburban and rural communities.
B) ancient urban centers than modern urban centers.
C) manufacturing centers and rural populations.
D) rural and urban centers.
E) urban centers than rural communities.

Question 57

One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is

A) manufacturing of durable goods.
B) manufacturing of textiles.
C) entertainment and recreation facilities.
D) government and education.
E) high technology services.

Question 58

Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it

A) changes the community's functional classification.
B) stimulates new nonbasic industries.
C) disrupts the central place hierarchy.
D) changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements.
E) replaces obsolete industry.

Question 59

According to these "geography of talent" maps,

A) scientists in the western states are partly concentrated in and around Seattle, Denver, and San Francisco.
B) scientists in the western states are mainly concentrated in Arizona, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada.
C) in the Midwest, the percentage of scientists in Chicago is greater than the percentage in St. Louis.
D) scientists in the eastern states are mainly concentrated in South Carolina and West Virginia.
E) there are almost no scientists in California or Arizona.

Question 60

The most significant impact that Great Britain's enclosure movement made on the rural landscape was to

A) produce more of a dispersed rural settlement pattern.
B) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern.
C) discourage urbanization.
D) increase the rural population.
E) improve transportation.

Question 61

This map of the percentage living in urban settlements indicates that in the following countries, less than half of the people live in urban areas:

A) South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia, and Libya.
B) Mexico, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and Libya.
C) Niger, Chad, the Central African Republic, Kenya, Tanzania, and China.
D) Niger, Chad, the Central African Republic, India, Australia, and South Africa.
E) France, Germany, Romania, Russia, and Bulgaria.

Question 62

This map of early urban settlements indicates that by 1 A.D.

A) Beijing was still a small settlement.
B) Rome was the largest city in the world.
C) Tokyo was one of the largest cities in the world.
D) London was the largest city in the world.
E) Constantinople was still a small settlement.

Question 63

Linear settlement patterns were brought to North America by the French.

Question 64

The city-state is an example of

A) an early form of rural settlement.
B) a state dominated by its major city.
C) a functional region.
D) a local government of the Roman Empire.
E) diffuse political functions.

Question 65

The map of major urban settlements indicates that the vast majority of cities with more than two million residents

A) are located in North America and Europe.
B) that are in Asia are situated on or near the coasts.
C) that are in South America are on or near the coasts.
D) that are in South America, Asia, and North America are on or near the coasts.
E) are located in South Asia and Australia.

Question 66

Which statement best describes the relationship between urbanization and the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

A) Urbanization ultimately promoted the Industrial Revolution.
B) The Industrial Revolution ultimately promoted urbanization.
C) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by thousands of years.
D) Urbanization preceded the Industrial Revolution by hundreds of years.
E) Urbanization and the Industrial Revolution are largely unrelated.

Question 67

The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to

A) destroy traditional village life.
B) promote agricultural efficiency.
C) replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads.
D) discourage urbanization.
E) create an aristocracy.

Question 68

The threshold of a service is the maximum distance that most of the customers are willing to travel.

Question 69

In recent decades growth in employment in the United States has come from the primary and secondary sectors, while the tertiary sector has declined.

Question 70

The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A.D. brought about what change in urban settlements?

A) development of city-states
B) rapid urbanization
C) reduction in urban population
D) revival of urban life
E) increased trade

Question 71

Copenhagen and London are primate cities even though they are located in more developed countries.

Question 72

People who live in rural settlements are more likely to engage in secondary sector economic activities.

Question 73

This map of the percentage living in urban settlements indicates that the following countries are more than 75 percent urban:

A) South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia, and Libya.
B) Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, China, India, and Australia.
C) Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Libya.
D) India, China, Russia, Australia, and Spain.
E) France, Germany, Romania, Russia, and Bulgaria.

Question 74

Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the

A) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town.
B) placement of buildings around a central market square.
C) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town.
D) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches.
E) broad avenues in residential districts.

Question 75

In recent decades the tertiary sector in Western Europe has declined.

Question 76

Settlements hold nearly all the Earth's population but cover only about 1 percent of its surface.

Question 77

When determining the market threshold, there is no need to determine what is being sold.

Question 78

Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that

A) the people you know socially are probably the same ones you see at work.
B) the people are more alike than in rural settlements.
C) people compete for limited space.
D) there are many different kinds of people in cities.
E) people play a specialized role in the urban economy.

Question 79

The colonial New England rural settlement pattern was clustered.

Question 80

This map of early urban settlements indicates that by 1 A.D.

A) Beijing was smaller than London.
B) Tokyo was smaller than London.
C) Rome was one of the largest cities in the world.
D) London was the largest city in Europe.
E) Constantinople was still a minor settlement.