Deck 3: Race, Ethnicity, Social Structure and Crime

Question 1

The peak years of criminal activity are for people between the ages of _____ and _____.

A)14,21
B)14,24
C)12,21
D)14,26

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In 1968,the __________ Commission warned that "our Nation is moving toward two societies,one black,one white-separate and unequal."

A)Duvall
B)Ways and Means
C)Kerner
D)Wickersham

Answer 2

Kerner

Question 3

The official unemployment rate is __________ for teenagers than for adults.

A)much lower
B)much higher
C)slightly lower
D)slightly higher

Answer 3

much higher

Question 4

The federal government first developed an official definition of poverty in _____.

A)1968
B)1962
C)1966
D)1964

Question 5

The most disturbing aspect of the poverty data is the number of __________ living below the poverty line.

A)African Americans
B)Native Americans
C)children
D)families

Question 6

The African American unemployment rate has been consistently about ___ the white rate.

A)the same as
B)three times
C)half
D)twice

Question 7

Sociologists and psychologists generally agree that __________ is the primary unit for transmitting values to children.

A)school
B)television
C)the peer group
D)the family

Question 8

One important trend in American economic inequality is the growth of the very poor -a group some analysts call ______ ______ in the past 30 years

A)an under class
B)a working class
C)a middle class
D)a lower class

Question 9

In 2009,the median household income in the United States for African American families was only __ percent of white Americans.

A)13
B)63
C)73
D)43

Question 10

Historically,many property owners in the North adopted restrictive covenants that prohibited the sale of property to:

A)Asians.
B)African Americans or Jews.
C)Hispanics.
D)Answers a,b and c are correct.

Question 11

Official arrest data indicate that involvement in crime peaks at:

A)18 for violent crimes and 20 for property crimes.
B)20 for violent crimes and 22 for property crimes.
C)18 for violent crimes and 16 for property crimes.
D)16 for violent crimes and 18 for property crimes.

Question 12

American metropolitan communities are characterized by strong patterns of:

A)economic interdependence.
B)industrial bases.
C)residential segregation.
D)commercial/retail bases.

Question 13

The supply-side economic policies of the 1980s were referred to as:

A)voo-doo economics
B)Reaganomics
C)conservative fantasies
D)business hand-outs

Question 14

The official unemployment rate does not count:

A)workers who are trying hard to find work
B)part-time workers who want,but can't find,full-time jobs.
C)workers who dropped out of high school
D)workers who have a spouse that works

Question 15

________ involves rejection of society's goals and established means of achieving them,as well as an attempt to create a new society based on different values and goals.

A)Rebellion
B)Withdrawal
C)Retreatism
D)Innovation

Question 16

Thomas Shapiro argues that "_______ is a frightful conveyor and transmitter of inequality."

A)racism
B)sexism
C)inheritance
D)wealth

Question 17

How much a person or family earns in any given period is called:

A)wealth
B)income
C)median net worth
D)economic index

Question 18

The growth of political and civil rights did not necessarily address _________ inequality.

A)economic
B)educational
C)political
D)occupational

Question 19

In 2007,the top 1 percent owned 34.6 percent of the wealth,the next 19 percent owned ___ percent and the "bottom" 80 percent (that is,most Americans)owned only __ percent

A)50.5,15
B)40.5,25
C)60.5,5
D)30.5,35

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of a community's social structure?

A)The spatial distribution of the population.
B)The rate of population fluctuations.
C)The composition of local neighborhoods.
D)Patterns of interaction within and between neighborhoods.

Question 21

Social disorganization theory holds that the administration of criminal justice reflects the unequal distribution of power in society.

Question 22

________ theory holds that the administration of criminal justice reflects the unequal distribution of power in society.

A)Routine activity
B)Culture conflict
C)Conflict
D)Social disorganization

Question 23

The gap between the very richest Americans and most Americans in terms of both annual income and total wealth has actually been shrinking over the last few decades.

Question 24

Historically,many property owners in the North adopted restrictive covenants that prohibited the sale of property to African Americans or Jews.

Question 25

________ involves rejection of both the goals and accepted means of achieving them.

A)Rebellion
B)Withdrawal
C)Retreatism
D)Innovation

Question 26

The growth of political and civil rights did not necessarily address _________ inequality.

Question 27

The supply-side economic policies of the 1980s were referred to as __________.

Question 28

Innovation involves rejection of society's goals and established means of achieving them,as well as an attempt to create a new society based on different values and goals.

Question 29

The practice by banks and savings and loan companies of refusing to offer mortgages in poor and minority neighborhoods was known as:

A)redlining.
B)blacklisting.
C)low-listing.
D)a "screenout."

Question 30

A person's network of friends,relationships,and other contacts is called cultural capital.

Question 31

Reaganomics was also known as "voo-doo" economics.

Question 32

The term secondary labor market refers to:

A)the population segment holding down two or more jobs to make ends meet.
B)the distinction between skilled workers and those with no or limited skills.
C)public sector and private sector employment opportunities.
D)available low-paying jobs with limited fringe benefits and uncertain prospects for the future.

Question 33

Among both African Americans and Hispanics,then,there is a greater gap between the middle class and the poorest than at any other time in our history.

Question 34

The peak years of criminal activity are for people between the ages of 14 and 24.

Question 35

The most disturbing aspect of the poverty data is the number of __________ living below the poverty line.

Question 36

Social and cultural capital have huge implications for individuals,their status in life,their prospects for the future,and also their likelihood of becoming criminals.

Question 37

________ involves acceptance of society's goals but rejection of the accepted means of attaining them.

A)Rebellion
B)Withdrawal
C)Retreatism
D)Innovation

Question 38

The __________ labor market includes low-paying jobs with limited fringe benefits and uncertain prospects for the future.

Question 39

Official arrest data indicate that involvement in violent crime peaks at 18 years of age.

Question 40

The official unemployment rate does not count workers in the "__________ economy" who are paid in cash.

Question 41

__________ theory holds that the administration of criminal justice reflects the unequal distribution of power in society.

Question 42

Historically,many property owners in the North adopted restrictive covenants that prohibited the sale of property to African Americans or __________.

Question 43

The practice by banks and savings and loan companies of refusing to offer mortgages in poor and minority neighborhoods was known as __________.