Deck 5: Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century 1701-1770

Question 1

Why did New Englanders have only a quarter of the wealth the free colonists in the South had in 1770?

A) Farms did not produce huge surpluses of cash crops.
B) The New England growing season was too short.
C) The craggy,rocky soil could not support cash crops.
D) A lack of rainfall kept farm produce from growing.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

About what percentage of colonists in 1770 traced their ancestry to England?

A) 10 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 90 percent

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What was the dominant group in eighteenth-century Philadelphia society in terms of wealth and political power?

A) Fishermen
B) Quaker merchants
C) Skilled artisans
D) Wheat farmers

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which statement characterizes slaves in the middle colonies in the eighteenth century?

A) They were not really needed on wheat farms.
B) The population grew to staff new tobacco farms.
C) They were treated exactly like white redemptioners.
D) The middle colonies' slaves were mostly of Indian descent.

Question 5

Which group dominated the commercial economy of New England in the eighteenth century?

A) Artisans
B) Farmers
C) Printers
D) Merchants

Question 6

How did most redemptioners pay for their voyage across the Atlantic?

A) By selling themselves as servants once they arrived
B) By redeeming their possessions with a ship's captain
C) By working aboard the ship in exchange for a ticket
D) By working a year in the colonies to pay back the captain

Question 7

Most of the Scots-Irish who came to the colonies were farm laborers or tenant farmers who were leaving behind

A) lush green farmland seized by the British.
B) crop failures caused by numerous droughts.
C) small farms that had been in their families for decades.
D) farmlands that were flooded from the great rains of Ireland.

Question 8

What was a result for the comparatively high standard of living in rural Pennsylvania and the surrounding Middle Colonies between 1720 and 1770?

A) The consumption of imported goods doubled.
B) Pennsylvanians began buying more land.
C) Colonists increased the size of their families.
D) Daughters of colonists were sent to English schools.

Question 9

What was the dominant feature of the eighteenth-century New England economy?

A) It was an agriculture-based economy,with large farms producing most of the marketable goods.
B) It was based on trade that depended on material imports from Asia.
C) It was dependent on intercolonial trade within North America.
D) It was a diversified,worldwide commercial economy focused on the Atlantic world.

Question 10

Where in the American colonies did the English primarily settle during the eighteenth century,according to Map 5.1: Europeans and Africans in the Eighteenth Century?

A) Appalachian Mountains
B) Proclamation Line of 1763
C) East Coast
D) Southeast region of North America

Question 11

About what percentage of New Englanders qualified for poor relief throughout the eighteenth century?

A) 5 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 12

The largest number of immigrants to the Middle Colonies were

A) Dutch.
B) Catholic.
C) German.
D) Yankees.

Question 13

Why were there so few slaves in New England during the eighteenth century?

A) New England's family farming was not suited for slave labor.
B) New Englanders did not have the money to buy slaves.
C) The slave trade was prohibited in New England.
D) Slaveholding violated Puritan beliefs.

Question 14

Why did New England's population lag behind the growth in other colonies?

A) Most immigrants chose other destinations.
B) The towns were slow to divide land among prospective residents.
C) The weather was too cold in New England.
D) New England merchants did not encourage settlement.

Question 15

Which colony was known as "the best poor Man's Country in the World"?

A) New York
B) Massachusetts
C) Pennsylvania
D) Rhode Island

Question 16

In the seventeenth century,how did New England families subdivide land under the policy of partible inheritance?

A) About equally among all the children
B) About equally among all the sons
C) Between the eldest and youngest males
D) Among the wife and three oldest children

Question 17

What was an early Pennsylvania policy encouraging settlement?

A) The colony gave away land to adult white males.
B) Pennsylvania paid settlers to farm Indian lands.
C) Pennsylvania levied a very low property tax.
D) The colony negotiated with Indians to purchase land.

Question 18

What industry produced the most economic growth in the Middle Colonies,particularly in Pennsylvania?

A) Timber
B) Flour milling
C) Fishing
D) Shipbuilding

Question 19

In the eighteenth century,the majority of immigrants coming to America were Scots-Irish or

A) English.
B) German.
C) African.
D) Dutch.

Question 20

Why was the colonial economy in the eighteenth century unique?

A) A few colonists held the overwhelming majority of the wealth.
B) The free population enjoyed a relatively high standard of living.
C) Almost all British colonists considered themselves wealthy.
D) The majority of colonists were worse off than they had been in Europe.

Question 21

Although the three regions of British North America became more distinct in the latter part of the eighteenth century,they still shared what unifying experience?

A) A lessening reliance on religion
B) Declining opportunities to buy land
C) Growing concern over the slavery issue
D) Decreasing interest in world affairs

Question 22

While the eighteenth-century southern gentry privately looked down on poor whites,they publicly acknowledged them as

A) necessary to the growth of the southern economy.
B) their equals by virtue of belonging to the white race.
C) a contemptible group of lost souls.
D) the future heirs of the gentry.

Question 23

Why did Thomas Jefferson state that "a [slave] child raised every 2 years is of more profit than the crop of the best laboring [slave] man"?

A) Children complained less than adult slaves.
B) Natural increase would grow his slave holdings.
C) Children ate less than a laboring slave man did.
D) The mortality rate of adult male slaves was high.

Question 24

In which southern colony did the black population outnumber the white population almost two to one?

A) South Carolina
B) Georgia
C) Virginia
D) North Carolina

Question 25

How did newly imported African slaves develop kinship relationships in the existing slave communities?

A) Established slave families often adopted new arrivals as fictive kin.
B) New arrivals used sign language because they did not speak the same dialect.
C) White women and children helped slaves feel comfortable in their new home.
D) The plantation owner assigned new arrivals to seasoned slaves in kinship units.

Question 26

Poor Richard's Almanack mirrored the beliefs of its Pennsylvania readers in its glorification of

A) Puritan religious values.
B) the small subsistence farmer.
C) economic profit.
D) the slave as a "noble savage."

Question 27

What did the Stono Rebellion prove about eighteenth-century slaves?

A) They were dangerous in large,organized numbers.
B) They could arm themselves and achieve freedom.
C) They could not win a firefight for freedom.
D) They could not organize against their armed masters.

Question 28

The colonial slave drum might have served what purpose?

A) As a means of celebration and communication among slaves
B) As a precious artifact for Europeans
C) As a frequently used instrument in European and colonial music
D) As an item to be traded among slaves for other goods

Question 29

Members of the eighteenth-century southern gentry set a cultural standard of

A) idleness.
B) religious piety.
C) extravagant leisure.
D) racial tolerance.

Question 30

What was a consequence of the increased supply of items such as tobacco and sugar in eighteenth-century North America?

A) Colonists adopted a more sedentary lifestyle.
B) Southerners bought fewer slaves as tobacco prices fell.
C) Ordinary people purchased more luxury goods.
D) The colonies cut back on exports to England.

Question 31

How did slave labor in the lower South differ from slave labor in the Chesapeake?

A) Slaves in the Chesapeake could control the pace of their work.
B) The task system allowed slaves in the lower South some discretion in the use of their time.
C) Whites did not closely supervise slave workers in the Chesapeake tobacco fields.
D) Lower South slaves could earn their freedom if they completed certain tasks.

Question 32

According Map 5.3: The Atlantic Slave Trade,what area was the largest source of African slaves?

A) Gold Coast
B) Congo and Angola
C) Bight of Benin
D) Bight of Biafra

Question 33

As the eighteenth century progressed,tobacco,rice,and indigo made the southern colonies

A) as rich as New England merchants.
B) the richest in North America.
C) dependent on the West Indies for trade.
D) a colonial appendage of the Middle Colonies.

Question 34

What made the southern colonies unique compared to other New World slave societies?

A) Southern slaves had a high rate of natural increase.
B) Southern colonists freed many slave children.
C) Deaths in the southern colonies exceeded births.
D) Southern colonists allowed their slaves to vote.

Question 35

Most slaves brought to the southern colonies were

A) young women from the West Indies.
B) older women from Africa.
C) older men from the West Indies.
D) young men from Africa.

Question 36

How did the slaveholding gentry dominate eighteenth-century Virginia politics?

A) They paid poor whites for their vote.
B) They violently intimidated their opponents.
C) Slaves voted according to their masters.
D) Voting requirements favored the wealthy.

Question 37

The huge increase in the slave population in the South during the second half of the eighteenth century can be attributed to natural increase and

A) the increasing number of Indian slaves.
B) slave immigration from the West Indies.
C) slaves leaving New England to come South.
D) the Atlantic slave trade.

Question 38

Why did masters in the southern colonies prefer black slaves over white indentured servants?

A) Masters had to pay indentured servants a small sum each year.
B) Indentured servants would not work as many hours as slaves.
C) Indentured servants were surly and talked back.
D) Slaves served for life with no legal way to gain freedom.

Question 39

Who kidnapped Olaudah Equiano and sold him into slavery?

A) Other Africans
B) Portuguese traders
C) British merchants
D) American planters

Question 40

The increasing presence of English goods in the colonial market in the eighteenth century

A) caused the colonists to rebel and concentrate on home manufacture of goods.
B) improved the colonial standard of living but increased resentment toward the British.
C) spurred competition with goods imported from Europe.
D) built a certain material uniformity across region,religion,class,and status.

Question 41

Why did colonial governors have difficulty gaining the trust and respect of influential colonists?

A) Their terms of office averaged just five years.
B) They lived in England and rarely came to the colonies.
C) They were poorly paid and accepted bribes.
D) The colonists believed that they should not be tied to England.

Question 42

What was the status of colonial assemblies by 1720?

A) They were constantly overruled by the crown.
B) They lost the people's trust.
C) Colonial governors disbanded most of them.
D) They won the power to initiate important legislation.

Question 43

Why did Spanish officials decide to build forts and missions on New Spain's northern frontier during the eighteenth century?

A) To improve relations with Indians in the region
B) To convert California Indians to Protestantism
C) To disrupt competition from French fur traders
D) To block Russian access to present-day California

Question 44

Describe the reciprocal nature of the trading relationship between Indians and colonists along settlement frontiers during the eighteenth century and identify the dilemma this relationship created for the Indians.

Question 45

Which New England church was supported by taxes paid by all residents in the eighteenth century?

A) Catholic Church
B) Anglican Church
C) Congregational Church
D) Deist Church

Question 46

Eighteenth-century colonial America was characterized by a rapidly growing,diverse population.Identify the two major sources of this growth and diversity and the major ethnic and racial groups that contributed to this diversity.Explain the way in which this population shift changed the demographic profile of the American colonies from 1670 to 1770.

Question 47

What was the Great Awakening?

A) A movement to convert Catholics
B) A religious revival movement
C) An appeal to reason,not emotion
D) An appeal to Protestants to unite

Question 48

What was the largest group of non-Christians in eighteenth-century North America?

A) Hurons
B) Slaves
C) Southerners
D) Indentured servants

Question 49

The slave rebellion at Stono,South Carolina,was not followed by any similar uprisings during the colonial period.Describe the actions of the slaves,explain how the rebellion was suppressed,and identify the long-term consequences of this rebellion.

Question 50

Provide evidence that supports the following statement: Demographically,communities in New England during the eighteenth century were more homogeneous than communities in the middle and southern colonies.

Question 51

By which process was a resident of an African village transformed into a southern colonial slave? What mortality rate and possible causes of death did slaves face during the trip to America?

Question 52

How often did most eighteenth-century colonists go to church?

A) Daily
B) Two to three times per week
C) Each Sunday
D) Seldom or not at all

Question 53

During the eighteenth century,American colonists exhibited a distinctively dual identity as both loyal British subjects and as American colonists who acted in their own best interests.Cite an example of each side of this dual identity and explain why the colonists were able to resist British interference in some instances.

Question 54

"And now,after the Father has been killed,the Mission burned,its many and valuable furnishings destroyed,together with the sacred vessels,its paintings,its baptismal,marriage,and funeral records,and all the furnishings for the sacristy,the house,and the farm implements-now the forces [of soldiers] of both presidios [nearby] come together to set things right....What happened was that before they set about reestablishing the Mission,they wanted to ...lay hands on the guilty ones who were responsible for the burning of the Mission,and the death of the Fathers,and chastise them.The harassed Indians rebelled anew and became more enraged....And so the soldiers there are gathered together in their presidios,and the Indians in their state of heathenism.... But ...what can be gained by campaigns [against the rebellious Indians]? Some will say to frighten them and prevent them from killing others.What I say is that,in order to prevent them from killing others,keep better guard over them than they did over the one who has been killed;and,as to the murderer,let him live,in order that he should be saved-which is the very purpose of our coming here,and the reason which justifies it."
What main argument did Father Junípero Serra give for sparing the Indians who destroyed the Spanish Mission San Diego de Alcalá?

A) If they are allowed to live,they can become Christians.
B) If they are killed,other Indians will become angry and commit more violence.
C) If they are allowed to live,they can be forced into military service.
D) They will suffer more if they are allowed to live in poor conditions than if they are killed.

Question 55

What role did religion play in eighteenth-century American society? Explain how the role of religion was shaped by the Enlightenment.How was it also shaped by the Great Awakening?

Question 56

Prominent colonists in the plantation South and in cities such as Charleston,New York,and Philadelphia belonged to which church?

A) Presbyterian Church
B) Anglican Church
C) Catholic Church
D) Congregational Church

Question 57

Identify the stipulations of the agreements that enabled redemptioners to immigrate to the middle colonies.

Question 58

Describe what happened to slaves once they reached America and how planters attempted to acculturate them to their new surroundings.

Question 59

Which statement characterizes colonial deists?

A) They questioned the existence of God.
B) They believed in predestination and a vengeful god.
C) They sought to find gods in natural phenomena.
D) They looked for God's laws with science and reason.

Question 60

Although the societies of New England,the middle colonies,and the southern colonies grew increasingly differentiated during the eighteenth century,colonists throughout British North America shared certain unifying experiences.Identify three of these experiences and briefly explain how they unified the colonists.

Question 61

A common saying among Scots-Irish and Germans during the eighteenth century was "Pennsylvania is heaven for farmers [and] paradise for artisans." Explain the attraction Pennsylvania held for immigrants.Include an analysis of the extent to which immigrants achieved success in this region.

Question 62

The rapid increase in the population of eighteenth-century colonial America resulted in an expanding economy,which sharply contrasted with the results of population booms in Europe.Discuss the fundamental economic environment that sustained New England's rapidly growing population.Include in your discussion the major causes of New England's significant population growth and analyze the effects of New England's growing population on land distribution,land usage,and the overall economy.

Question 63

The labor system of slavery transformed the South during the eighteenth century.Discuss the impact of slavery on the South's economy,society,and politics.

Question 64

During the eighteenth century,British North American colonists became accustomed to thinking of themselves as individuals who had the power to make decisions that influenced the quality of their lives.Explore the connections the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening had to the idea of an empowered individual.Include in your discussion the significant features of each of these movements and explain the influences each had on eighteenth-century colonial America.

Question 65

Slave ships brought almost 300,000 Africans to British North America between 1619 and 1780.Discuss the experiences of these kidnap victims on their voyage to the British colonies and explain how they were acculturated to their new surroundings.Also discuss their lives in terms of labor,culture,and family.