Question 1

According to Kant the moral worth of an act is determined by its consequences.

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, the moral worth of an act is determined by the intention behind it, not its consequences.

Question 2

According to Kant,the highest moral activity happens as a result of&#10;A) Acting out of a will to do the right thing.&#10;B) Putting the rights of others before our own rights.&#10;C) Acting in ways that benefit everyone.&#10;D) Acting to prevent harm.

Accepted Answer

Kant believed that the highest moral activity comes from acting out of a will to do the right thing, regardless of personal desires, consequences, or the opinions of others. He called this the categorical imperative, which is the idea that actions should be done based on a universal principle that could be applied to all beings. Thus, acting out of duty and obligation to what is right is the highest moral activity according to Kant.

Question 3

A good paraphrase of Kant's second form of the categorical imperative is&#10;A) Think before you act.&#10;B) Treat others as well as you can without denying yourself what you need.&#10;C) Treat yourself well but watch out for others also.&#10;D) Don't use people unless it is in their best interest.

Accepted Answer

Kant's second form of the categorical imperative emphasizes treating humanity, whether in oneself or others, always as an end and never merely as a means. This aligns with not using people unless it is in their best interest.

Question 4

The illustration in the beginning of chapter five suggests using humans as &#34;guinea pigs&#34; was immoral because&#10;A) The experiment was performed on African-American men.&#10;B) The experiment was unsuccessful and a lot of people were hurt.&#10;C) The persons in the experiment had not consented to the study.&#10;D) People should never be used for scientific research.

Accepted Answer

The illustration in chapter five is referencing the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study in which African-American men were unknowingly participating in a study about the progression of syphilis. They were not informed of their diagnosis or given treatment, even after penicillin became available as a cure. This lack of informed consent is a clear violation of ethical principles in research.

Question 5

Moral &#34;oughts&#34; are all of the following except&#10;A) Unconditional.&#10;B) Anchored in the fact that all people are alike as persons.&#10;C) Necessary.&#10;D) Supported by laws.

Accepted Answer

Moral "oughts" are not necessarily supported by laws. Laws may reflect moral principles or values, but they may also be influenced by other factors such as political expediency or special interests. Moral "oughts" are grounded in the idea that certain actions or behaviors are right or wrong in themselves, regardless of what laws or social norms may say.

Question 6

According to Kant,what has the highest intrinsic value?&#10;A) Beauty&#10;B) Justice&#10;C) People&#10;D) Happiness

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, people have the highest intrinsic value because they possess rational autonomy, unlike objects or animals. This means that they have inherent worth and should be treated as ends in themselves rather than means to an end. Beauty, justice, and happiness may have instrumental value in promoting human dignity and flourishing, but they do not have intrinsic value in the same way that people do.

Question 7

According to Kant,we are morally responsible for which of the following?&#10;A) For people's understandings of our actions.&#10;B) For anticipating the effect of our action.&#10;C) For the actual result of our action.&#10;D) For our motive to do good or bad.

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, we are morally responsible for our motive to do good or bad. This means that the intention behind our actions is what really matters morally, rather than whether or not the action has its desired result. Kant believes that our actions are only morally praiseworthy if they are motivated by the intention to do an action because it is the right thing to do, rather than for any other reason such as personal gain or a desire for approval. Hence, option D is the correct answer.

Question 8

Hypothetical imperatives are&#10;A) Complicated philosophical constructs seeking to arrive at moral goal.&#10;B) Like suggesting we should use what works to arrive at a goal.&#10;C) Actions that,in theory,should always be taken given certain circumstances&#10;D) Actions all people should take to arrive at the same goal.

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical imperatives suggest that actions should be taken to achieve a specific goal or desired outcome. It is not a complicated philosophical construct or a set of actions that are universally applicable in all circumstances. Instead, it is a practical way of thinking that suggests using effective means to achieve desired ends.  Therefore, option (B) is the correct answer.

Question 9

According to Kant,moral obligations are hypothetical in nature.

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, moral obligations are categorical imperatives, which means they apply universally and unconditionally, regardless of personal desires or interests. Therefore, moral obligations are not hypothetical in nature.

Question 10

According to Kant,an obligation or &#34;ought&#34; is categorical when it is something we ought to do in order to achieve some ends or goals that we have.

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, an obligation or "ought" is categorical when it is something we ought to do simply because it is the right thing to do, without regard to our personal goals or desires. This is in contrast to hypothetical imperatives, which are obligations that are conditional on our desires or interests.

Question 11

According to Kant,the shopkeeper who charges an equal price of all her customers because she likes them is acting &#34;out of duty.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kant,the shopkeeper who charges an...

Question 12

According to Kant,to act with a &#34;good will&#34; means to do what will benefit others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kant,to act with a &#34;good...

Question 13

According to Kant,because persons are ends they ought not to be used as means to ends.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kant,because persons are ends they...

Question 14

The reason why it is wrong to make a lying promise,according to Kant,is because this act cannot be willed as a general practice without contradiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reason why it is wrong to...

Question 15

&#34;Act only on that maxim you can will to become universal law&#34; is known as which form of Kant's categorical imperative?&#10;A) First&#10;B) Second&#10;C) Only&#10;D) Third

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Act only on that maxim you can...

Question 16

Compare the principle of utility as a consequentialist moral principle with the categorical imperative as a non-consequentialist moral principle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the principle of utility as a...

Question 17

According to MacKinnon,which of the following was one of main two questions Kant asked?&#10;A) What ought I do?&#10;B) How do I choose right action?&#10;C) Why should I act?&#10;D) How important are people?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to MacKinnon,which of the following was...

Question 18

According to Kant,one can do what is right and that action still may not have &#34;moral worth.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kant,one can do what is...

Question 19

Kant's first form of the categorical imperative is derived from the nature of moral obligation as universally binding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kant's first form of the categorical imperative...

Question 20

State two practical differences between a perfect and an imperfect duty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State two practical differences between a perfect...

Deck 6: Deontological Ethics and Immanuel Kant