Question 1

To say that a wilderness has prima facie value means that it must be preserved no matter what the cost to do so.

Accepted Answer

Saying that a wilderness has prima facie value means that it has value in and of itself, but this does not necessarily mean that it must always be preserved regardless of other factors such as economic, social, or environmental considerations. The decision to preserve a wilderness area should take into account a variety of factors and balance the interests of different stakeholders.

Question 2

According to anthropocentrism,what has intrinsic value?&#10;A) Humans only.&#10;B) Humans and the resources necessary to sustain human life.&#10;C) All intelligent life.&#10;D) The entire ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

According to anthropocentrism, only humans have intrinsic value. This means that humans are considered to be the most important and valuable beings in the world, and the resources necessary to sustain human life are valued only insofar as they serve human needs and desires. Other forms of life are not considered to have intrinsic value in and of themselves, but are rather valued only insofar as they contribute to human well-being.

Question 3

Cost benefit analyses involve both assessments and evaluations.

Accepted Answer

Cost benefit analyses involve assessments to identify and quantify costs and benefits, and evaluations to compare and analyze them.

Question 4

The word environment comes from an Old French word meaning&#10;A) Nature.&#10;B) Earth.&#10;C) Turning around in.&#10;D) A small boat.

Accepted Answer

The word environment comes from the Old French word environner, which means "to surround, encircle, or turn around in." It later evolved to refer to the natural surroundings or the ecological system, hence the modern meaning of the word.

Question 5

Because human interests in a livable environment often compete with other human economic interests,many find cost-benefit analyses useful for judging,weighing,and comparing benefits and costs.

Accepted Answer

Cost-benefit analysis is a useful tool in comparing and weighing the benefits and costs of different actions, particularly when there are competing interests at play.

Question 6

How,in Aldo Leopold's ethics,are right actions to be distinguished from wrong ones?&#10;A) Right actions ensure the continuity of the natural world for future generations;wrong actions rob them of that inheritance.&#10;B) Right actions act in such a way that all members of the biotic community could will them simultaneously;wrong actions use some members as means.&#10;C) Right actions tend to preserve the stability and beauty of nature;wrong actions tend to do otherwise.&#10;D) Right actions preserve nature as a productive resource for valuable ends;wrong actions destroy it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How,in Aldo Leopold's ethics,are right actions to...

Question 7

Ecocentrists are distinguished by their rejection of the anthropocentric idea that _________.&#10;A) Only humans have intrinsic value.&#10;B) The environment does not matter.&#10;C) Endangered species are of no concern.&#10;D) Global warming is not a true concept.

Accepted Answer

Ecocentrists reject the idea that only humans have intrinsic value, instead valuing all living beings and the environment equally.

Question 8

What does a biocentrist/ecocentrist believe?&#10;A) A biocentrist believes that biology,not nurture,is the major determining factor in human development.&#10;B) A biocentrist believes that only biology can supply answers to fundamental problems facing the environment.&#10;C) A biocentrist believes that intrinsic value is not limited to humans&#10;D) A biocentrist believes that biological organisms may have a higher moral status than cyborgs,but they are not as physiologically advanced.

Accepted Answer

A biocentrist/ecocentrist believes in the intrinsic value of all living organisms and that humans should consider the well-being of the entire ecosystem, not just themselves. They believe that non-human beings have their own inherent value and should be treated with respect and consideration. Option A is incorrect as it refers to a different belief system known as biological determinism. Option B is incorrect as it suggests that biology is the only means of understanding environmental problems. Option D is incorrect as it compares biological organisms to cyborgs, which is not relevant to the beliefs of biocentrism/ecocentrism.

Question 9

Anthropocentrists value nature for its own sake.

Accepted Answer

Anthropocentrists prioritize the value of nature and its resources for human benefit rather than valuing it for its own sake.

Question 10

The essence of the view known as deep ecology is that organisms depend on their environment in many ways.

Accepted Answer

Deep ecology is a philosophical perspective that emphasizes the intrinsic value of all living beings and the interconnectedness of life, advocating for the inherent worth of nature beyond its utility to humans.

Question 11

Contrast an anthropocentric and an ecocentric view on deforestation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast an anthropocentric and an ecocentric view...

Question 12

The old Native American saying,&#34;before you act,consider the consequences on the next seven generations,&#34; represents what kind of thinking?&#10;A) Ecocentrism&#10;B) Utilitarianism&#10;C) Anthropocentric&#10;D) Relativistic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The old Native American saying,&#34;before you act,consider...

Question 13

Deep ecologists and ecofeminists share common views about the proper way to regard nature and the source of our environmental problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deep ecologists and ecofeminists share common views...

Question 14

In Deep Ecology,through what means is happiness gained?&#10;A) Through the performance of quiet,real work.&#10;B) Through meditation and deep thought.&#10;C) Through the use of relaxation techniques such as Tai Chi.&#10;D) Through the performance of real work,such as wood chopping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Deep Ecology,through what means is happiness...

Question 15

Ecocentrism relies on what form of moral reasoning?&#10;A) Utilitarianism&#10;B) Kantian&#10;C) Relativism&#10;D) Natural law

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ecocentrism relies on what form of moral...

Question 16

Some ecofeminists believe that the source of our environmental problems lies in our being governed in our relation to nature by the male type of dominance over it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some ecofeminists believe that the source of...

Question 17

Contrast the basic view of nature of ecocentrists such as Leopold with the mystic idealist views of the transcendentalists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast the basic view of nature of...

Question 18

What does it mean for ecocentrists to regard a tree or a fish as a moral patient?&#10;A) It means that we must care for these life forms as a medical doctor cares for patients.&#10;B) It means that we must care for these life forms for their own sake,and not just for the sake of how it might ultimately impact us.&#10;C) It means that we can have indirect,rather than direct duties to these life forms.&#10;D) It means that we must,like physicians,&#34;do no harm&#34; when it comes to these life forms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does it mean for ecocentrists to...

Question 19

The article by William Baxter utilized primarily ________ reasoning.&#10;A) Natural law&#10;B) Ecocentric&#10;C) Relativism&#10;D) Anthropocentric

Accepted Answer

The answer of The article by William Baxter utilized primarily...

Deck 16: Environmental Ethics