Deck 16: D: Cultural Transformations Religion and Science 1450-1750

Question 1

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Italian mathematician and astronomer (1564-1642)who improved the telescope and made a series of discoveries that put into question well-established understandings of the cosmos.He published his findings in 1610 in a book titled The Starry Messenger.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Answer 1

Galileo

Question 2

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Literally,"dancing sickness";a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Answer 2

Taki Onqoy

Question 3

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543)who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Answer 3

Copernicus

Question 4

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Series of missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who,inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci,made extraordinary efforts to understand and become part of the culture of an Asian country in their efforts to convert the elite,although with limited success.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 5

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther;while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a church that had fallen from biblical practice,in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone."

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 6

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century;thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563),Catholic leaders clarified doctrine,corrected abuses and corruption,and put a new emphasis on education and accountability.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 7

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 8

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak around 1500;combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 9

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Major religious movement led by the theologian Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792)that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 10

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Literally,"research based on evidence";Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis,applied especially to historical documents.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 11

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Pen name of the French philosopher François-Marie Arouet (1694-1778),whose work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes;noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 12

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
Slave and later religious lay woman at the Peruvian Convent of Santa Clara (1606-1666),a lucky escape inspired her to pursue a pious life of mortification and good works.She gained a reputation as a woman of extraordinary devotion and humility as well as a visionary and mystic.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 13

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
A French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improvability,with slavery,racism,tyranny,and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 14

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
English natural scientist (1643-1727)whose formulation of the laws of motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress

Question 15

Select the word or phrase that best matches the definition or example provided.
One of India's most beloved bhakti poets (1498-1547),she helped break down the barriers of caste and tradition.

A)Protestant Reformation
B)Catholic Counter-Reformation
C)Úrsula de Jesús
D)Taki Onqoy
E)Jesuits in China
F)Wahhabi Islam
G)kaozheng
H)Mirabai
I)Sikhism
J)Copernicus
K)Newton
L)Galileo
M)Voltaire
N)European Enlightenment
O)Condorcet and the idea of progress