Question 1

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism as understood by Chinese elites?&#10;A) Daoism is an offshoot of Confucianism that develops the mystical elements inherent in Confucius's teachings.&#10;B) Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory.&#10;C) Most Confucians dismissed Daoism as meaningless superstition.&#10;D) Most Daoists despised Confucians because their policies fostered cosmic chaos.

Accepted Answer

Chinese elites saw Daoism and Confucianism as complementary rather than contradictory. While there were differences in their philosophical and ideological focuses, they were both seen as necessary components of a well-rounded understanding of the world and society. Confucianism emphasized social order, hierarchy, and ethical behavior, while Daoism focused on harmony with the natural world and living in the present moment. Together, they could provide a more complete picture of how to live a good life and govern a society.

Question 2

Which of the following experiences did both the Buddha and Jesus share?&#10;A) They were transformed by their followers into gods.&#10;B) They were persecuted by Zoroastrian rulers.&#10;C) They traveled to Africa to spread their religion.&#10;D) They allied themselves with religious authorities.

Accepted Answer

Both the Buddha and Jesus were transformed by their followers into gods after their deaths. This transformation reflects the deep impact of their teachings and the reverence their followers have for them, elevating their status to divine in various traditions and interpretations.

Question 3

Which of the following actions would a follower of Daoism take?&#10;A) Engage in public life&#10;B) Withdraw from politics&#10;C) Pursue higher education&#10;D) Work for social change

Accepted Answer

A follower of Daoism values the natural order of things and believes in minimal interference. They would therefore choose to withdraw from politics and instead focus on inner peace and personal development.

Question 4

Which of the following refers to a feature of the conception of the divine found in Judaism?&#10;A) A view of heaven as a state in which individual identity is extinguished&#10;B) An understanding of God as engaged in history and demanding social justice&#10;C) A notion that primal unitary energy creates divine reality&#10;D) A principle of the way of nature underlies everything and never changes

Accepted Answer

An understanding of God as engaged in history and demanding social justice is a feature of the conception of the divine found in Judaism. This is reflected in the Hebrew Bible, where God is often portrayed as intervening in history to deliver the Israelites and to hold them accountable for their behavior, including their treatment of the vulnerable in society. The concept of tikkun olam, or "repairing the world," is also central to the Jewish conception of God and underscores the importance of social justice in the divine order.

Question 5

Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because they both&#10;A) rejected the religious authority of the Brahmins.&#10;B) rejected the concept of karma.&#10;C) offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.&#10;D) promoted monotheism.

Accepted Answer

Both Buddhism and Hinduism offer hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth, known as moksha in Hinduism and nirvana in Buddhism. While both religions view karma as an important concept, they do not reject it. Buddhism, in particular, emphasizes the idea of breaking the cycle of rebirth through personal enlightenment and detachment from worldly desires. Both religions also have a complex pantheon of gods and deities, rather than promoting monotheism. While Buddhism rejects the caste system and religious authority of the Brahmins, Hinduism does not necessarily reject these ideas, making A an incorrect answer choice.

Question 6

Which of the following systems of thought proclaimed that a system of rewards and punishment was the most effective way to govern people?&#10;A) Confucianism&#10;B) Daoism&#10;C) Buddhism&#10;D) Legalism

Accepted Answer

Legalism was a philosophy that emphasized strict laws and harsh penalties to maintain order and control over the people. It believed that people were inherently selfish and needed to be controlled through a system of rewards and punishments. This philosophy was popularized by the Qin dynasty in ancient China. Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism all had different approaches to governing people and did not rely heavily on rewards and punishments as a means of control.

Question 7

Which of the following is a text associated with Hinduism?&#10;A) Daodejing&#10;B) Lessons for Women&#10;C) Analects&#10;D) Bhagavad Gita

Accepted Answer

The Bhagavad Gita is a text associated with Hinduism, specifically part of the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata. The Daodejing is associated with Taoism, the Lessons for Women with Confucianism, and the Analects with Confucianism as well.

Question 8

The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu lies at the heart of which religion?&#10;A) Buddhism&#10;B) Hinduism&#10;C) Judaism&#10;D) Zoroastrianism

Accepted Answer

The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu is a central tenet of Zoroastrianism, an ancient religion that originated in Persia (modern-day Iran). Ahura Mazda represents goodness and light, while Angra Mainyu represents evil and darkness. This struggle between good and evil is believed to pervade all aspects of existence and to continue until the final triumph of good over evil.

Question 9

Which of the following contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India?&#10;A) Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.&#10;B) India failed to establish Buddhist monasteries.&#10;C) Buddhism was suppressed by Emperor Ashoka.&#10;D) There was too much competition from Confucianism.

Accepted Answer

Buddhism in India was gradually assimilated into a reviving Hinduism, which absorbed many of its teachings and practices. This process was aided by the rise of the Bhakti movement in the medieval period, which emphasized devotion to Hindu deities rather than philosophical speculation or ascetic practices. As a result, by the time of the Muslim conquests in the 12th and 13th centuries, Buddhism had largely disappeared from the subcontinent.

Question 10

Some elements of Zoroastrianism found expression in which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?&#10;A) Daoism&#10;B) Confucianism&#10;C) Judaism&#10;D) Hinduism

Accepted Answer

Some elements of Zoroastrianism, such as the concept of dualism and the importance of free will, influenced Judaism during the Babylonian exile.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.E.?&#10;A) All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe.&#10;B) All played down the value of humankind and glorified the natural world.&#10;C) All drew on rational and secular explanations of the universe.&#10;D) All favored communal ritual as the means to organize human society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 12

Which of the following reflects a view of women found in Confucianism,Hinduism,and Christianity?&#10;A) Women should obey men.&#10;B) Women are better rulers.&#10;C) Women are a source of goodness.&#10;D) Women should be enslaved.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following reflects a view...

Question 13

Which of the following belief systems focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life?&#10;A) Confucianism&#10;B) Buddhism&#10;C) Zoroastrianism&#10;D) Christianity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following belief systems focused...

Question 14

Which of the following is a central feature of the Hindu notion of karma?&#10;A) Moksha (liberation)&#10;B) Atman (soul)&#10;C) Nirvana (enlightenment)&#10;D) Samsara (rebirth)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a central...

Question 15

Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?&#10;A) The idea that ordinary life is an illusion&#10;B) The practice of meditation and prayer&#10;C) The religious authority of the Brahmins&#10;D) The goal of overcoming the demands of the ego

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?&#10;A)...

Question 16

Which of the following groups emphasized argument,logic,reason,and questioning of received wisdom?&#10;A) Confucian scholars&#10;B) Greek thinkers&#10;C) Daoist philosophers&#10;D) Zoroastrian rulers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following groups emphasized argument,logic,reason,and...

Question 17

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?&#10;A) Reverence for organized religion&#10;B) Confidence in human reason&#10;C) Respect for received wisdom&#10;D) Deference to established authority

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following was a distinctive...

Question 18

In contrast to Theravada Buddhism,the Mahayana version portrayed the Buddha as a&#10;A) god.&#10;B) teacher.&#10;C) priest.&#10;D) bodhisattva.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In contrast to Theravada Buddhism,the Mahayana version...

Question 19

Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society?&#10;A) Confucianism was adopted as the state religion of China.&#10;B) Confucianism placed a high value on education and ritual.&#10;C) Confucianism encouraged individualistic values.&#10;D) Confucianism challenged social and gender hierarchies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following describes how Confucianism...

Question 20

Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism,Christianity,and Islam?&#10;A) The concepts of heaven and hell&#10;B) The idea of Brahman (World Soul)&#10;C) The notion of reincarnation&#10;D) The unity of opposites

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian...

Question 21

Disagreements over the meaning of the Buddha's teachings led to&#10;A) clear-cut distinctions between &#34;right&#34; and &#34;wrong&#34; ideas.&#10;B) a series of councils that resulted in the standardization of Buddhism.&#10;C) a proliferation of different sects,practices,and meditation techniques.&#10;D) the development of a religious hierarchy headed by the orthodox church.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Disagreements over the meaning of the Buddha's...

Question 22

Which of the following statements reflects the state of Christianity by 500 C.E.?&#10;A) It was clear to all that the future of Christianity would be in Europe.&#10;B) States questioned the political loyalty of Christian converts and adopted a policy of religious persecution.&#10;C) Christianity became more unified as it spread,with Rome as its undisputed center.&#10;D) Christianity was endorsed by states in Europe and North Africa.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements reflects the...

Question 23

Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle were associated with&#10;A) the Vedas.&#10;B) Zoroastrianism.&#10;C) Legalism.&#10;D) Greek rationalism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle were associated with&#10;A) the Vedas.&#10;B)...

Question 24

Which one of the following represents a way that Greek scholarship influenced the world?&#10;A) Greek learning was incorporated into Confucianism,creating a hybrid philosophy.&#10;B) Greek knowledge became a central element in an emerging &#34;Eastern&#34; civilization.&#10;C) Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals.&#10;D) Greek ideas entered India and were absorbed into Hinduism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following represents a...

Question 25

What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism have in common?&#10;A) A fervent belief in the supernatural&#10;B) A diverse pantheon of gods&#10;C) A monotheistic perspective on religion&#10;D) A secular approach to understanding the world

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism have...

Question 26

Which of the following inferences can be made based on Map 4.1 in the textbook?&#10;A) The spread of Buddhism and Christianity occurred rapidly and in a short period of time.&#10;B) The spread of Buddhism and Christianity sparked religious wars.&#10;C) Christianity established a presence in Asia,but Buddhism did not take hold in Europe.&#10;D) Buddhism and Christianity spread only where the state provided protection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following inferences can be...

Question 27

Which of the following included a distinctively supernatural dimension?&#10;A) Greek rationalism&#10;B) Mahayana Buddhism&#10;C) Legalism&#10;D) Judaism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following included a distinctively...

Question 28

What did Confucius,Zarathustra,and Siddhartha Gautama have in common?&#10;A) They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.&#10;B) Their teachings had a sharp social and political edge.&#10;C) They criticized the hypocrisies of the powerful.&#10;D) They all spoke on behalf of the poor and oppressed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Confucius,Zarathustra,and Siddhartha Gautama have in...

Question 29

What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common?&#10;A) They both ultimately died out in the land of their birth as their ideas were absorbed into other religious traditions.&#10;B) They both started out as an effort to reform the religions from they which they had come but soon emerged as separate religions.&#10;C) They were both associated with a particular people and territory,and denied salvation to outsiders.&#10;D) Neither ever became an active missionary religion and did not spread widely beyond the region of their birth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Buddhism and Christianity have in...

Question 30

How did Christianity change in the first 500 years since its emergence?&#10;A) The egalitarian small house churches during Jesus's lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church.&#10;B) Christianity changed from a religion of ritual and sacrifice to one of devotion and worship of many gods.&#10;C) Christianity evolved from philosophical reflections on the meaning of life to a fascination with the supernatural.&#10;D) Reason replaced faith as the means of discovering the truth about the universe,resulting in the emergence of Protestantism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Christianity change in the first...

Deck 4: C: Culture and Religion in Eurasianorth Africa 500