Deck 54: The Biomedical Therapies

Question 1

The lobotomy procedure is not widely used today because

A) it produces a lethargic, immature personality.
B) it is irreversible.
C) calming drugs became available in the 1950s.
D) of all of these reasons.

Answer 1

of all of these reasons.

Question 2

The double-blind technique is most likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of

A) cognitive therapies.
B) behavior therapies.
C) humanistic therapies.
D) drug therapies.

Answer 2

drug therapies.

Question 3

The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called

A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) biomedical therapy.

Answer 3

biomedical therapy.

Question 4

Because she mistakenly believes that the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This best illustrates

A) systematic desensitization.
B) progressive relaxation.
C) the placebo effect.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 5

The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for

A) dopamine.
B) epinephrine.
C) norepinephrine.
D) serotonin.

Question 6

After many years of taking antipsychotic drugs, Greg's facial muscles sometimes twitch involuntarily. This behavior is called

A) tardive dyskinesia.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
D) EMDR.

Question 7

Dr. Genscher believes that most psychological disorders result from chemical imbalances. In her work as a therapist, Dr. Genscher is most likely to make use of

A) psychosurgery.
B) meta-analysis.
C) drug therapies.
D) transference.

Question 8

Which of the following is a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor?

A) Xanax
B) Prozac
C) lithium
D) Thorazine

Question 9

Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a ________ approach to therapy.

A) biomedical
B) psychodynamic
C) biopsychosocial
D) client-centered

Question 10

The type of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without resolving underlying problems are the

A) antianxiety drugs.
B) antipsychotic drugs.
C) antidepressant drugs.
D) amphetamines.

Question 11

Tardive dykinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs.

A) antianxiety
B) antipsychotic
C) antidepressant
D) mood-stabilizing

Question 12

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or

A) dopamine.
B) lithium.
C) norepinephrine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 13

Which biomedical therapy is MOST likely to be practiced today?

A) psychosurgery
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) drug therapy
D) counterconditioning

Question 14

Which of the following is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change promoted by Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues?

A) rTMS
B) aerobic exercise
C) free association
D) systematic desensitization

Question 15

Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of

A) schizophrenia.
B) depression.
C) personality disorders.
D) anxiety disorders.

Question 16

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium?

A) Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations
B) Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety
C) Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement
D) Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

Question 17

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with

A) rTMS.
B) EMDR.
C) SSRIs.
D) ECT.

Question 18

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

A) Thorazine
B) Xanax
C) lithium
D) Prozac

Question 19

Which of the following is the mood-stabilizing drug most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?

A) Ativan
B) chlorpromazine
C) Xanax
D) lithium

Question 20

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as

A) rTMS.
B) psychosurgery.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) electroconvulsive therapy.

Question 21

Which form of therapy has most directly contributed to the sharp reduction in the number of residents in U.S. mental hospitals?

A) psychosurgery
B) cognitive therapy
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) drug therapy

Question 22

After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of

A) withdrawal.
B) transference.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) neurogenesis.

Question 23

Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptoms are most likely to be relieved by ________ drugs.

A) antidepressant
B) antianxiety
C) mood-stabilizing
D) antipsychotic

Question 24

Prozac is an antidepressant drug that partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of ________ from synapses.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) chlorpromazine

Question 25

Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by

A) obsessions.
B) panic attacks.
C) auditory hallucinations.
D) involuntary muscle movements.

Question 26

Psychopharmacology involves the study of how

A) diseases influence psychological well-being.
B) exercise alleviates depression.
C) drugs affect mind and behavior.
D) psychosurgery and ECT influence emotions.

Question 27

Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs.

A) antidepressant
B) antipsychotic
C) mood-stabilizing
D) antianxiety

Question 28

D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of

A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 29

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Prozac?

A) Jack, who has lost his sense of identity and wandered from his home to a distant city
B) Andrea, who hears imaginary voices telling her that she will suffer a fatal accident
C) Tami, who is so addicted to cigarettes that she doesn't want to quit smoking
D) Shannon, who feels helpless and apathetic and thinks her life is meaningless and worthless

Question 30

One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote

A) increased metabolic rates.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) decreased norepinephrine levels.
D) neurogenesis.

Question 31

Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help

A) Cynthia give up her irrational belief that her husband is a foreign government spy.
B) Cassius get rid of his suicidal thoughts and feelings of apathy and hopelessness.
C) Jerome overcome feelings of nervous apprehension and an inability to relax.
D) Bradan discontinue his habit of smoking more than three packs of cigarettes a day.

Question 32

Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?

A) antianxiety drugs
B) antidepressant drugs
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) mood-stabilizing drugs

Question 33

Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which drug therapy outcomes are attributable to

A) the therapeutic alliance.
B) the placebo effect.
C) progressive relaxation.
D) stress inoculation training.

Question 34

Some antidepressants block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and another neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. These antidepressants are called

A) antipsychotic drugs.
B) mood-stabilizing drugs.
C) dual-action drugs.
D) ECTs.

Question 35

Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites.

A) serotonin
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine

Question 36

Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs.

A) antidepressant
B) antipsychotic
C) mood-stabilizing
D) antianxiety

Question 37

Several widely used antidepressant drugs are most often called ________ because they are used in treating disorders other than depression-from anxiety to stroke.

A) magnetic stimulators
B) mood-stabilizing medications
C) selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors
D) norepinephrine blockers

Question 38

Antidepressant drugs are increasingly being prescribed for the treatment of

A) auditory hallucinations.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 39

Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic drug that reduces paranoia and hallucinations by

A) reducing involuntary muscle movements.
B) dampening responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli.
C) decreasing the availability of norepinephrine.
D) elevating arousal and mood.

Question 40

One group of ocean voyagers is given a new but untested pill for seasickness and a second group is given an inactive pill. Neither the voyagers nor the experimental researchers know which group has received the new pill. In this experiment, the investigators are making use of

A) systematic desensitization.
B) meta-analysis.
C) counterconditioning.
D) the double-blind procedure.

Question 41

Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?

A) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
B) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
C) systematic desensitization
D) psychosurgery

Question 42

Lithium reduces bipolar patients' vulnerability to

A) future obesity.
B) significant cognitive decline.
C) transference.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 43

Which of the following procedures is most likely to result in a loss of memory?

A) aversive conditioning
B) the double-blind procedure
C) systematic desensitization
D) electroconvulsive therapy

Question 44

Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming

A) brainstem.
B) cerebellum.
C) limbic system.
D) sensory cortex.

Question 45

Deep-brain stimulation involves the implantation of ________ into the brain.

A) DNA
B) lithium
C) electrodes
D) new nerve cells

Question 46

Adelle's feelings of unhappiness, low self-esteem, and hopelessness have become so extreme that she has attempted suicide. Which of the following treatments is likely to provide her with the quickest relief from her misery?

A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) drug therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) cognitive therapy

Question 47

A possible explanation for the effectiveness of ________ is that it may reduce depression by triggering the long-term potentiation of nerve cells.

A) EMDR
B) rTMS
C) chlorpromazine
D) psychosurgery

Question 48

During the 1940s and 1950s, lobotomies were most likely to be performed on psychologically disturbed patients who were

A) uncontrollably violent.
B) hopelessly depressed.
C) notably overweight.
D) consistently forgetful.

Question 49

Which treatment procedure involves the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain?

A) rTMS
B) psychosurgery
C) long-term potentiation
D) the double-blind procedure

Question 50

Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.

A) antipsychotic
B) antianxiety
C) antidepressant
D) mood-stabilizing

Question 51

Deep-brain stimulation has been reported to provide relief from

A) dissociative disorders.
B) phobias.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.

Question 52

Edith, a 45-year-old journalist, alternates between extreme sadness and lethargy and extreme euphoria and overactivity. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to her is

A) lithium.
B) Xanax.
C) Zoloft.
D) Thorazine.

Question 53

ECT studies that include a control condition in which people receive simulated ECT without the shock indicate that the effectiveness of ECT is partially due to

A) progressive relaxation.
B) a placebo effect.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) stress-inoculation training.

Question 54

Compared with placebos, antidepressant drugs provide ________ benefits to patients with severe symptoms of depression and ________ benefits to patients with mild symptoms of depression.

A) minimal; substantial
B) substantial; minimal
C) minimal; minimal
D) substantial; substantial

Question 55

Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of

A) phobias.
B) dissociative disorders.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.

Question 56

Psychosurgery involves

A) passing an electric current through the entire brain.
B) injecting lithium directly into the limbic system.
C) removing or destroying brain tissue.
D) all of these procedures.

Question 57

One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is

A) aerobic exercise.
B) psychosurgery.
C) virtual reality exposure therapy.
D) EMDR.

Question 58

Who developed the surgical procedure known as lobotomy?

A) John Watson
B) Egas Moniz
C) Aaron Beck
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 59

Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a procedure known as

A) stress inoculation training.
B) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
C) the double-blind procedure.
D) a lobotomy.

Question 60

A natural return to a state of psychological health following an extended period of depression illustrates

A) neurogenesis.
B) counterconditioning.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) tardive dyskinesia.

Question 61

The least used biomedical intervention for changing behavior is

A) aversive conditioning.
B) electroconvulsive therapy.
C) psychosurgery.
D) drug therapy.

Question 62

Treating our mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.

A) biopsychosocial
B) classical conditioning
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered

Question 63

Mr. Andrews suffers from frequent episodes of extreme depression. When a friend suggests that he might be helped by drug therapy, Mr. Andrews responds, "Drugs are just a crutch for people who lack self-discipline and who want to hide from their problems. Besides, I'm not about to hand over control of my life to some psychiatrist and his magic pills." Explain why Mr. Andrews' ideas about drug therapy are inaccurate.

Question 64

MRI-guided precision surgery is occasionally done to cut the brain circuits involved in severe cases of

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.

Question 65

Professor Bensfield emphasizes that recovery from bipolar disorder involves a continuous interplay among patients' physical reactions to mood-stabilizing drugs, their positive expectations that their lives will improve, and the supportive responses of patients' families and friends. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a(n) ________ approach to therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) client-centered
C) biopsychosocial
D) operant conditioning

Question 66

In promoting therapeutic lifestyle change, Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues note that human brains and bodies were designed for physical activity and

A) token economy.
B) free association.
C) social engagement.
D) unconditional positive regard.