Deck 25: Retrieval

Question 1

Information learned while a person is ________ is best recalled when that person is ________.

A) sad; happy
B) drunk; sober
C) angry; calm
D) drunk; drunk

Answer 1

drunk; drunk

Question 2

According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those

A) at the beginning of the list.
B) at the end of the list.
C) at the end and in the middle of the list.
D) in the middle of the list.

Answer 2

in the middle of the list.

Question 3

When 80-year-old Ida looked at one of her old wedding pictures, she was flooded with vivid memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage. The picture served as a powerful

A) memory trace.
B) iconic memory.
C) spacing effect.
D) retrieval cue.

Answer 3

retrieval cue.

Question 4

Experimenters gave people a list of words to be recalled. When the participants were tested after a delay, the items that were best recalled were those

A) at the beginning of the list.
B) in the middle of the list.
C) at the end of the list.
D) at the beginning and the end of the list.

Question 5

On the phone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items

A) at the beginning of the list.
B) at the end of the list.
C) in the middle of the list.
D) at the beginning and in the middle of the list.

Question 6

Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie's experience best illustrates

A) repression.
B) mood-congruent memory.
C) retroactive interference.
D) the misinformation effect.

Question 7

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates

A) source amnesia.
B) the misinformation effect.
C) implicit memory.
D) the serial position effect.

Question 8

The recall of sad experiences is often primed by feelings of sadness. This most clearly illustrates

A) the serial position effect.
B) source misattribution.
C) the misinformation effect.
D) mood-congruent memory.

Question 9

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as

A) chunking.
B) the primacy effect.
C) repression.
D) priming.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a measure of retention?

A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) retrieval

Question 11

Which type of word processing results in the greatest retention?

A) shallow
B) deep
C) visual
D) auditory

Question 12

Memories are primed by

A) repression.
B) retrieval cues.
C) shallow processing.
D) source amnesia.

Question 13

Which of the following measures of retention is the least sensitive in triggering retrieval?

A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) They are equally sensitive.

Question 14

The process of getting information out of memory storage is called

A) encoding.
B) retrieval.
C) rehearsal.
D) storage.

Question 15

Words, images, and other bits of information used to access a stored memory are called

A) chunks.
B) retrieval cues.
C) acronyms.
D) peg-word systems.

Question 16

The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls positive life experiences. This best illustrates that emotional states can become

A) retrieval cues.
B) short-term memories.
C) sensory memories.
D) flashbulb memories.

Question 17

In a study on context cues, people learned words while on land or when they were underwater. In a later test of recall, those with the best retention had

A) learned the words on land, that is, in the more familiar context.
B) learned the words underwater, that is, in the more exotic context.
C) learned the words and been tested on them in different contexts.
D) learned the words and been tested on them in the same context.

Question 18

Activating memories of your childhood by forming vivid mental images of various locations in your childhood home best illustrates

A) automatic processing.
B) the spacing effect.
C) the serial position effect.
D) priming.

Question 19

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Arotza's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates

A) retroactive interference.
B) the serial position effect.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) iconic memory.

Question 20

Julie most accurately recalls information learned in her history classroom when her recall is tested in the very same classroom. This best illustrates

A) the serial position effect.
B) context-dependent memory.
C) the spacing effect.
D) chunking.

Question 21

In one experiment, participants primed with words related to ________ were less likely to help another person who asked for their help.

A) food
B) money
C) books
D) computers

Question 22

Recall of what you have learned is often improved when your physical surroundings at the time of retrieval and encoding are the same. This best illustrates

A) echoic memory.
B) the spacing effect.
C) context-dependent memory.
D) the serial position effect.

Question 23

A full week after Usha hears her mother read her a list of 12 different farm animals, Usha is most likely to remember the animals ________ of the list.

A) at the beginning and end
B) at the end
C) at the beginning
D) in the middle

Question 24

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect.

A) serial position
B) misinformation
C) retrieval practice
D) spacing

Question 25

Eye witnesses to a crime often recall the details of the crime most accurately when they return to the scene of the crime. This best illustrates

A) the spacing effect.
B) the peg-word system.
C) source misattribution.
D) context-dependent memory.

Question 26

Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates

A) iconic memory.
B) the spacing effect.
C) implicit memory.
D) a recency effect.

Question 27

When Tony is in a bad mood, he interprets his parents' comments as criticisms. When he's in a good mood, he interprets the same types of parental comments as helpful suggestions. This best illustrates that our emotional states influence the process of

A) source amnesia.
B) encoding.
C) repression.
D) retrieval.

Question 28

After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates

A) the spacing effect.
B) source misattribution.
C) the serial position effect.
D) state-dependent memory.

Question 29

After hearing the sound of an ambulance, you may be momentarily predisposed to interpret a friend's brief coughing spell as a symptom of serious illness. This best illustrates the impact of

A) shallow processing.
B) the self-reference effect.
C) priming.
D) echoic memory.

Question 30

After learning that kicking would move a crib mobile, infants showed that they recalled this learning best if they were tested in the same crib. This best illustrates

A) the serial position effect.
B) context-dependent memory.
C) the spacing effect.
D) infantile amnesia.

Question 31

Although you genuinely enjoyed studying hard for a biology exam, during the test you are feeling frustrated and irritable because you can't recall the answer to a series of fairly easy factual questions. What techniques could you use to effectively remember the information previously learned?

Question 32

After hearing a list of items, peoples' immediate recall of the items is more likely to show a _____ effect than is their later recall of the items.

A) spacing
B) recency
C) misinformation
D) self-reference

Question 33

Watching a TV soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides an example of

A) the spacing effect.
B) repression.
C) the serial position effect.
D) priming.

Question 34

Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates

A) source misattribution.
B) retroactive interference.
C) mood-congruent memory.
D) the misinformation effect.

Question 35

Mood-congruent memory best illustrates that the emotions we experienced while learning something become

A) implicit memories.
B) retrieval cues.
C) iconic memories.
D) source misattributions.