Deck 19: The Nonvisual Senses

Question 1

What enables you to feel yourself wiggling your toes even with your eyes closed?

A) vestibular sense
B) kinesthesis
C) the skin senses
D) sensory interaction

Answer 1

kinesthesis

Question 2

A drink's strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This best illustrates

A) interposition.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) Weber's law.
D) sensory interaction.

Answer 2

sensory interaction.

Question 3

Holding a heavy rather than a light clipboard leads people to perceive job candidates as more important. This best illustrates

A) Weber's law.
B) sensory interaction
C) embodied cognition.
D) the McGurk effect.

Answer 3

embodied cognition.

Question 4

The inner ear contains receptors for

A) audition and kinesthesis.
B) kinesthesis and the vestibular sense.
C) audition and the vestibular sense.
D) audition, kinesthesis, and the vestibular sense.

Question 5

The frequency theory of hearing is better than the place theory at explaining our sensation of

A) the lowest pitches.
B) pitches of intermediate range.
C) the highest pitches.
D) all these pitches.

Question 6

The sensory experience of bending one's knees or raising one's arms exemplifies

A) the vestibular sense.
B) top-down processing.
C) sensory interaction.
D) kinesthesis.

Question 7

The taste sensation umami is most likely to attract us to foods that are

A) sweet.
B) bitter.
C) starchy.
D) rich in protein.

Question 8

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense send messages to the

A) fovea.
B) cerebellum.
C) olfactory cortex.
D) frontal lobes.

Question 9

The cochlea is a

A) fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses.
B) fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of upright body position.
C) fluid-filled tube that provides a sense of body movement.
D) set of three tiny bones that amplify the vibrations of the eardrum.

Question 10

Kinesthesis involves

A) the bones of the middle ear.
B) information from the bones, ears, tendons, and joints.
C) membranes within the cochlea.
D) the body's sense of balance.

Question 11

According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches and pains by causing the

A) release of pain-killing endorphins in your muscles.
B) activation of large nerve fibers in your spinal cord.
C) the release of adrenaline into your bloodstream.
D) deactivation of the pain receptors on the surface of your skin.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic tastes?

A) sweet
B) salty
C) umami
D) bland

Question 13

Frequency is to pitch as ________ is to ________.

A) wavelength; loudness
B) amplitude; loudness
C) wavelength; intensity
D) amplitude; intensity

Question 14

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to affect one's

A) kinesthesis.
B) audition.
C) sense of smell.
D) vestibular sense.

Question 15

According to the gate-control theory, a way to alleviate chronic pain would be to stimulate the ________ nerve fibers that ________ the spinal gate.

A) small; open
B) small; close
C) large; open
D) large; close

Question 16

Our experience of pain when we are injured depends on

A) our biological makeup and the type of injury we have sustained.
B) how well medical personnel deal with our injury.
C) our physiology, experiences and attention, and surrounding culture.
D) what our culture allows us to express in terms of feelings of pain.

Question 17

The receptors for taste are located in the

A) taste buds.
B) cochlea.
C) fovea.
D) cortex.

Question 18

The simultaneous stimulation of adjacent cold and warmth spots on the skin produces the sensation of

A) hot.
B) cold.
C) pressure.
D) wetness.

Question 19

Of the four distinct skin senses, the only one that has definable receptors is

A) warmth.
B) cold.
C) pressure.
D) pain.

Question 20

Nociceptors initiate the sensation of

A) color.
B) pitch.
C) taste.
D) pain.

Question 21

Eardrum vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the

A) vestibular sacs.
B) inner ear.
C) cochlea.
D) middle ear.

Question 22

The absolute threshold for hearing is arbitrarily defined as zero

A) decibels.
B) amps.
C) phonemes.
D) hertz.

Question 23

The surface of the basilar membrane is lined with

A) hair cells.
B) olfactory receptors.
C) bipolar cells.
D) vestibular sacs.

Question 24

The high notes on a piano always produce ________ sound waves than the low notes.

A) higher-amplitude
B) lower-amplitude
C) higher-frequency
D) lower-frequency

Question 25

Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition.

A) eardrums
B) oval windows
C) hair cells
D) semicircular canals

Question 26

The principle that one sense may influence another is

A) transduction.
B) gate-control theory.
C) kinesthesis.
D) sensory interaction.

Question 27

Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause

A) prosopagnosia.
B) sensorineural hearing loss.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) conduction hearing loss.

Question 28

An 80-decibel sound is ________ times more intense than a 60-decibel sound.

A) 2
B) 10
C) 20
D) 100

Question 29

Damage to the oval window is most likely to result in

A) accommodation.
B) conduction hearing loss.
C) loss of the sense of balance.
D) sensorineural hearing loss.

Question 30

The bones of the middle ear relay vibrations received from the

A) cochlea.
B) eardrum.
C) vestibular sacs.
D) semicircular canals.

Question 31

The place theory of pitch perception cannot account for how we hear

A) low-pitched sounds.
B) middle-pitched sounds.
C) high-pitched sounds.
D) chords (three or more pitches simultaneously).

Question 32

Our sense of hearing is known as

A) the vestibular sense.
B) kinesthesis.
C) audition.
D) tinnitus.

Question 33

Joe Wilson, age 55, has been told by experts that he has conduction hearing loss and that a hearing aid would restore his lost sense of hearing. It is likely that Joe's hearing loss involves problems within the

A) inner ear.
B) middle ear.
C) auditory nerve.
D) basilar membrane.

Question 34

Brightness is to light as ________ is to sound.

A) pitch
B) loudness
C) frequency
D) wavelength

Question 35

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by

A) wax buildup in the outer ear.
B) damage to the eardrum.
C) blockage in the middle ear because of infection.
D) damage to the cochlea.

Question 36

The process of transducing air pressure waves into neural messages that the brain interprets as meaningful sound is known as

A) sensory interaction.
B) the vestibular sense.
C) kinesthesis.
D) audition.

Question 37

The loudness of sounds is determined by the ________ of sound waves.

A) difference threshold
B) interposition
C) amplitude
D) frequency

Question 38

Eardrum vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea by a piston consisting of

A) protruding hair cells.
B) the basilar membrane.
C) the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
D) bipolar and ganglion cells.

Question 39

On the way to the temporal lobe's auditory cortex, neural impulses from the auditory nerve are first relayed to the

A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) hippocampus.
D) fovea.

Question 40

Long sound waves are to short sound waves as a ________ voice is to a ________ voice.

A) loud; soft
B) soprano; bass
C) soft; loud
D) bass; soprano

Question 41

Many hard-of-hearing people like sound compressed because they remain sensitive to ________ sounds.

A) loud
B) high-pitched
C) prolonged
D) unpredictable

Question 42

The barn owl's right ear opens slightly upward while its left ear opens slightly downward. This difference enables the owl to detect the ________ of a sound.

A) pitch
B) location
C) loudness
D) amplitude

Question 43

The sensation of hot results from the simultaneous stimulation of adjacent ________ spots on the skin.

A) warmth and pain
B) pain and cold
C) cold and warmth
D) warmth and pressure

Question 44

Men's hearing tends to be ________ acute than women's, and women are ________ pain sensitive than men.

A) more; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) less; more

Question 45

Infant rats deprived of their mothers' grooming touch produce

A) less growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate.
B) more growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate.
C) less growth hormone and have a lower metabolic rate.
D) more growth hormone and have a higher metabolic rate.

Question 46

A cochlear implant converts sounds into

A) decibels.
B) electrical signals.
C) air pressure changes.
D) fluid vibrations.

Question 47

The sense of touch includes the four basic sensations of

A) pleasure, pain, warmth, and cold.
B) pain, pressure, hot, and cold.
C) wetness, pain, hot, and cold.
D) pressure, pain, warmth, and cold.

Question 48

The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of

A) touch.
B) smell.
C) pain.
D) pitch.

Question 49

Which theory best explains how we perceive low-pitched sounds?

A) place theory
B) opponent-process theory
C) frequency theory
D) signal detection

Question 50

Premature human babies gain weight faster if they are stimulated by

A) blinking lights.
B) rhythmic sounds.
C) hand massage.
D) phantom limb sensations.

Question 51

Some combination of place theory and frequency theory appears to be most necessary in accounting for how we sense

A) high frequency sound waves.
B) intermediate frequency sound waves.
C) low frequency sound waves.
D) subliminal auditory stimulation.

Question 52

Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ________ of a sound.

A) pitch
B) loudness
C) location
D) amplitude

Question 53

After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the ________ theory.

A) gate-control
B) frequency
C) opponent-process
D) place

Question 54

As a rock musician who has experienced prolonged exposure to high-amplitude sounds, Rodney is beginning to lose his hearing. It is most likely that this hearing loss involves problems in the

A) auditory canal.
B) eardrum.
C) tiny bones of the middle ear.
D) cochlea.

Question 55

A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately

A) locating sounds.
B) detecting pitch.
C) recognizing rhythms.
D) judging amplitude.

Question 56

Place theory suggests that

A) structures in the inner ear provide us with a sense of the position of our bodies in space.
B) we have a system for sensing the position and movement of the various parts of our body.
C) we can locate the place from which a sound is emitted because of the distance between our ears.
D) the pitch we hear is related to the place where the cochlea's basilar membrane is stimulated.

Question 57

Individual nerve cells increase the frequency of neural impulses in the auditory nerve by firing in rapid succession. This is said to illustrate

A) Weber's law.
B) the McGurk effect.
C) the volley principle.
D) top-down processing.

Question 58

Touching side-by-side cold and pressure spots triggers a sense of

A) warmth.
B) pain.
C) wetness.
D) kinesthesis.

Question 59

According to place theory, the perception of

A) low-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the eardrum closest to the oval window.
B) high-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the eardrum closest to the oval window.
C) low-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the basilar membrane closest to the oval window.
D) high-pitched sounds is associated with large vibrations of the basilar membrane closest to the oval window.

Question 60

Ringing of the ears after exposure to loud music is most likely to be caused by damage to

A) noiceptors.
B) hair cells.
C) cochlear implants.
D) bipolar cells.

Question 61

Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain?

A) signal detection theory
B) opponent-process theory
C) gate-control theory
D) frequency theory

Question 62

After painful medical procedures, people's memory snapshots tend to overlook

A) the final moments of pain associated with the procedure.
B) the peak moments of pain associated with the procedure.
C) the total duration of the pain associated with the procedure.
D) all of these periods of pain.

Question 63

Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals are called

A) vestibular sacs.
B) hair cells.
C) nociceptors.
D) olfactory bulbs.

Question 64

The brain's release of endorphins reduces

A) pain.
B) tinnitus.
C) prosopagnosia.
D) kinesthesis.

Question 65

During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the importance of

A) sensory interaction.
B) accommodation.
C) serial processing.
D) sensory adaptation.

Question 66

The interconnection of brain circuits that process sensory experiences with brain circuits responsible for abstract thinking contributes to what psychologists call

A) the phi phenomenon.
B) embodied cognition.
C) sensory adaptation.
D) kinesthesis.

Question 67

After losing his left hand in an accident, Jack continued to experience pain in his nonexistent hand. His experience illustrates

A) tinnitus.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) the McGurk effect.

Question 68

The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the

A) basilar membrane.
B) semicircular canals.
C) olfactory bulb.
D) spinal cord.

Question 69

The McGurk effect best illustrates

A) phantom limb sensations.
B) Weber's law.
C) tinnitus.
D) sensory interaction.

Question 70

An integrated understanding of pain control in terms of mental distraction, the release of endorphins, and the presence of empathic caregivers is most clearly provided by

A) parapsychology.
B) opponent-process theory.
C) a biopsychosocial approach.
D) the volley principle.

Question 71

Sense perception cells that project antennalike hairs are located within

A) feature detectors.
B) phantom limbs.
C) taste buds.
D) the nasal cavity.

Question 72

Our sense of taste was once thought to involve only the following four sensations

A) sweet, salty, starch, and bitter.
B) salty, fatty, bitter, and sweet.
C) sour, bitter, sweet, and starchy.
D) bitter, sweet, sour, and salty.

Question 73

In response to a harmful stimulus, ________ initiate neural impulses leading to the sensation of pain.

A) bipolar cells
B) nociceptors
C) feature detectors
D) ganglion fibers

Question 74

When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain, we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of

A) umami.
B) nociceptors.
C) endorphins.
D) feature detectors.

Question 75

The sense of ________ is a chemical sense.

A) taste
B) kinesthesis
C) equilibrium
D) pain

Question 76

Receptor cells for our sense of ________ reproduce themselves every week or two.

A) vision
B) hearing
C) taste
D) equilibrium

Question 77

The biopsychosocial approach to pain is likely to emphasize the importance of both

A) top-down and bottom-up processing.
B) frequency and place theories.
C) kinesthesis and psychokinesis.
D) telepathy and clairvoyance.

Question 78

For burn victims, a computer-generated virtual reality can help to control pain by means of

A) subliminal stimulation.
B) thought distraction.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) blindsight.

Question 79

Which of the following best illustrates the impact of central nervous system activity in the absence of normal sensory input?

A) tinnitus
B) kinesthesis
C) transduction
D) accommodation

Question 80

The taste of umami is a ________ taste.

A) meaty
B) salty
C) bitter
D) sour