Question 1

A large amount of our mental activity occurs outside our awareness thanks to our capacity for&#10;A) selective attention.&#10;B) blindsight.&#10;C) visual perception.&#10;D) dual processing.

Accepted Answer

Dual processing refers to the idea that our brain processes information both consciously and unconsciously, allowing for mental activity to occur outside our awareness. Selective attention and visual perception are important cognitive processes, but they do not necessarily account for all unconscious mental activity. Blindsight refers to a phenomenon in which individuals with damage to their visual cortex can still respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them, but it is a more specific example within the broader concept of dual processing.

Question 2

Behaviorism encouraged psychologists to ignore the study of&#10;A) dual processing.&#10;B) consciousness.&#10;C) socialization.&#10;D) evolution.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism focused on observable behaviors and rejected the study of consciousness, which is subjective and cannot be directly observed or measured.

Question 3

Prior to the twentieth century, psychology was considered to be the study of&#10;A) behavior.&#10;B) selective attention.&#10;C) consciousness.&#10;D) dual processing.

Accepted Answer

Prior to the twentieth century, psychology was primarily focused on the study of consciousness and mental processes. However, with the rise of behaviorism and other approaches, the field began to shift towards the study of observable behavior.

Question 4

The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with our mental processes is known as&#10;A) behaviorism&#10;B) behavior genetics.&#10;C) cognitive neuroscience.&#10;D) evolutionary psychology.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with our mental processes, including attention, perception, language, memory, and problem-solving. It involves gathering data from various fields such as psychology, biology, philosophy, and neuroscience to understand how the mind and brain are connected.

Question 5

A person is able to accurately point to the current location of certain moving objects that she is unable to consciously see. This best illustrates&#10;A) selective attention.&#10;B) the pop-out phenomenon.&#10;C) the visual action track.&#10;D) blindsight.

Accepted Answer

Blindsight is a phenomenon in which people with damage to the visual cortex are unable to consciously see certain stimuli, but are still able to perceive and interact with them unconsciously, as demonstrated by their ability to accurately point to the current location of the moving objects.

Question 6

Damage to the brain's visual perception track without any damage to the brain's visual action track is associated with a condition known as&#10;A) selective attention.&#10;B) blindsight.&#10;C) parallel processing.&#10;D) change blindness.

Accepted Answer

Blindsight is a condition where a person can react to visual stimuli despite not consciously perceiving them due to damage to the visual perception track in the brain while the visual action track remains intact. A, C, and D are not associated with this specific brain damage.

Question 7

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates&#10;A) the pop-out phenomenon.&#10;B) choice blindness.&#10;C) dual processing.&#10;D) selective attention.

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Schultz's inattention to her husband's words despite them being present in her environment indicates selective attention, which refers to the ability to focus on certain stimuli while filtering out others.

Question 8

Inattentional blindness is best described as a by-product of&#10;A) blindsight.&#10;B) parallel processing.&#10;C) selective attention.&#10;D) daydreaming.

Accepted Answer

Inattentional blindness occurs when selective attention causes an individual to fail to perceive a stimulus that is present in their environment. This is often because the individual is focused on another task or stimulus and does not allocate attention to the unexpected stimulus. Blindsight, parallel processing, and daydreaming are not directly related to inattentional blindness.

Question 9

One study of long-haul truck drivers showed that they were at 23 times greater risk of a collision while texting. This best illustrates the impact of&#10;A) the pop-out phenomenon.&#10;B) parallel processing.&#10;C) selective attention.&#10;D) change blindness.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to our ability to focus on certain stimuli while ignoring others. In this case, the long-haul truck drivers are distracted by texting, meaning their selective attention is impaired, and they are more likely to get into a collision as a result. The other options do not apply here - the pop-out phenomenon refers to salient stimuli grabbing our attention automatically, parallel processing refers to the brain's ability to process multiple things at once, and change blindness refers to our difficulty in noticing changes in our environment when we're not actively attending to them.

Question 10

The experience of blindsight in certain people who have suffered brain damage best illustrates the importance of our normal human capacity for&#10;A) change blindness.&#10;B) dual processing.&#10;C) selective attention.&#10;D) meditation.

Accepted Answer

Blindsight demonstrates dual processing, where individuals can respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them, indicating separate conscious and unconscious processing pathways.

Question 11

The ability to consciously recognize and name the color of an object while we simultaneously and unconsciously monitor the object's shape and movement illustrates&#10;A) the pop-out phenomenon.&#10;B) selective attention.&#10;C) dual processing.&#10;D) blindsight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to consciously recognize and name...

Question 12

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called&#10;A) dual processing.&#10;B) change blindness.&#10;C) the pop-out phenomenon.&#10;D) the cocktail party effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to pay attention to only...

Question 13

Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of&#10;A) dual processing.&#10;B) selective attention.&#10;C) sequential processing.&#10;D) choice blindness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's...

Question 14

Parallel processing is to sequential processing as ________ is to ________.&#10;A) daydream; sleep dream&#10;B) sleep dream; daydream&#10;C) unconsciousness; consciousness&#10;D) consciousness; unconsciousness

Accepted Answer

The answer of Parallel processing is to sequential processing as...

Question 15

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

A) the pop-out phenomenon.
B) inattentional blindness.
C) blindsight.
D) the cocktail party effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Standing in the checkout line at the...

Question 16

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates&#10;A) the pop-out phenomenon.&#10;B) change blindness.&#10;C) a visual action track.&#10;D) selective attention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You typically fail to consciously perceive that...

Question 17

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment is called&#10;A) biological psychology.&#10;B) behaviorism.&#10;C) consciousness.&#10;D) neuroscience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Our awareness of ourselves and our environment...

Question 18

Brain activity indicative of conscious awareness is most likely to involve synchronized activity across various regions of the&#10;A) cerebral cortex.&#10;B) hypothalamus.&#10;C) limbic system.&#10;D) dopamine reward system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brain activity indicative of conscious awareness is...

Question 19

About one-third of a second before participants in one study decided to move their wrist, their ________ indicated a readiness potential to move.&#10;A) dual processing&#10;B) eye movements&#10;C) brain-wave activity&#10;D) visual action track

Accepted Answer

The answer of About one-third of a second before participants...

Question 20

Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to&#10;A) occur slowly.&#10;B) be limited in capacity.&#10;C) contribute to effective problem solving.&#10;D) occur simultaneously on several tracks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unconscious information processing is more likely than...

Question 21

People at one Swedish supermarket were invited to taste two markedly different jams and then pick their preferred jam to retaste. Fooled by trick jars, they readily explained their jam preference without realizing that they had actually retasted their nonpreferred jam. Their failure to notice anything odd best illustrated

A) selective attention.
B) choice blindness.
C) the pop-out phenomenon.
D) dual processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People at one Swedish supermarket were invited...

Question 22

When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates

A) choice blindness.
B) parallel processing.
C) change blindness.
D) sequential processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Jason briefly turned to summon the...

Deck 7: A: Brain States and Consciousness