Question 1

Maslow studied healthy, creative people to investigate&#10;A) self-actualization.&#10;B) free association.&#10;C) reciprocal determinism.&#10;D) unconditional positive regard.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's primary focus was on the concept of self-actualization, which is the highest level of psychological development in which an individual reaches their full potential and achieves personal fulfillment. He studied healthy, creative individuals to determine the characteristics and behaviors that lead to self-actualization.

Question 2

Roberta has a secure sense of her own identity and is strongly motivated to develop her unique talents and interests so as to achieve her full potential. According to Abraham Maslow, Roberta exemplifies

A) an Electra complex.
B) illusory optimism.
C) a self-actualizing person.
D) the spotlight.

a self-actualizing person.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that individuals move up a series of needs, with self-actualization being the highest level. Self-actualization involves fulfilling one's potential and being authentic, which aligns with Roberta's description of having a secure sense of identity and striving to achieve her full potential. Therefore, Roberta is an example of a self-actualizing person.

Question 3

Morris is hostile, aggressive, and socially destructive. According to Carl Rogers, this behavior pattern results from&#10;A) his growth-inhibiting environment.&#10;B) the collective unconscious.&#10;C) inborn personality traits.&#10;D) an internal locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that hostile, aggressive, and socially destructive behavior patterns result from a growth-inhibiting environment. This means that Morris's behavior is a response to negative experiences or lack of positive experiences in his environment, rather than being due to innate personality traits or an internal locus of control.

Question 4

Which personality theorists have most clearly been credited with encouraging the popular belief that a positive self-concept is the key to happiness and success?&#10;A) psychoanalytic theorists&#10;B) social-cognitive theorists&#10;C) humanistic theorists&#10;D) trait theorists

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theorists, such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, emphasized the importance of self-actualization and personal growth, which require a positive self-concept. They believed that individuals who have a positive view of themselves are more likely to achieve happiness and success in life.

Question 5

Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human predisposition to engage in destructive and evil behaviors?&#10;A) trait theorists&#10;B) humanistic theorists&#10;C) psychoanalytic theorists&#10;D) social-cognitive theorists

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theorists have been criticized for their overly optimistic view of human nature, often underestimating the potential for destructive and evil behaviors.

Question 6

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are especially likely to&#10;A) demonstrate the spotlight effect.&#10;B) be open and spontaneous.&#10;C) avoid political disagreements.&#10;D) enjoy many unusually close friendships.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, tend to be open and spontaneous in their behavior and thinking, which allows them to fully express themselves and pursue their passions without feeling constrained by social norms or expectations. They are also known for their creativity, independent thinking, and ability to appreciate the simple pleasures in life. While they may enjoy close friendships, this is not a universal characteristic of self-actualization, nor do they necessarily avoid political disagreements or demonstrate the spotlight effect.

Question 7

Which personality theory emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?&#10;A) psychoanalytic&#10;B) social-cognitive&#10;C) humanistic&#10;D) trait

Accepted Answer

The humanistic personality theory emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization. This theory focuses on the positive aspects of human nature and highlights our ability to take control of our lives and achieve our full potential. It stresses the importance of achieving self-actualization, which is a state of personal fulfillment and satisfaction that comes from achieving one's goals and realizing one's potential.

Question 8

Who proposed that we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs?&#10;A) Sigmund Freud&#10;B) Albert Bandura&#10;C) Abraham Maslow&#10;D) Carl Rogers

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation."

Question 9

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are LEAST likely to&#10;A) have a strong ego.&#10;B) have a well-developed superego.&#10;C) experience defensive self-esteem.&#10;D) have a strong sense of gender identity.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualized people typically have a high level of self-esteem that is not dependent on external validation and therefore do not experience defensive self-esteem. They are also likely to have a strong sense of identity, including their gender identity. While they may have a well-developed ego, they are not likely to have a strong superego as they prioritize their own values and individuality over societal or cultural norms.

Question 10

According to Maslow, the top-level needs that arise after all other needs have been met include the needs for self-actualization and&#10;A) self-esteem.&#10;B) self-transcendence.&#10;C) self-awareness.&#10;D) social acceptance.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes five levels, with self-actualization being the highest level. However, Maslow later added a sixth level, the need for self-transcendence, which involves transcending the self and experiencing a sense of oneness with the world. Thus, the correct top-level needs according to Maslow are the needs for self-actualization and self-transcendence. Choices A, C, and D are not the top-level needs according to Maslow's hierarchy.

Question 11

In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between&#10;A) the pleasure principle and the reality principle.&#10;B) ideal self and actual self.&#10;C) the client's values and the therapist's values.&#10;D) internal locus of control and external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl...

Question 12

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience&#10;A) a self-serving bias.&#10;B) a negative self-concept.&#10;C) an external locus of control.&#10;D) a weak superego.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall...

Question 13

According to Carl Rogers, people nurture our growth by being genuine, accepting, and&#10;A) conscientious.&#10;B) consistent.&#10;C) extraverted.&#10;D) empathic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carl Rogers, people nurture our...

Question 14

Lamont has frequently been rebellious, inconsiderate, and self-centered, yet the pastor of his local church has always accepted and respected him. The pastor's attitude toward Lamont is most explicitly recommended by

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) Albert Bandura.
D) Alfred Adler.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lamont has frequently been rebellious, inconsiderate, and...

Deck 41: A: Humanistic Theories