Deck 30: A: Assessing Intelligence

Question 1

Hereditary Genius is the title of a book authored by

A) James Flynn.
B) David Wechsler.
C) Francis Galton.
D) Alfred Binet.

Answer 1

Francis Galton.

Question 2

The original IQ formula would be LEAST appropriate for representing the intelligence test performance of

A) kindergartners.
B) grade school students.
C) middle school students.
D) university students.

Answer 2

university students.

Question 3

Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called ________ tests.

A) factor analysis
B) aptitude
C) standardized
D) achievement

Answer 3

achievement

Question 4

When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be

A) reliable.
B) standardized.
C) valid.
D) normally distributed.

Question 5

The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test.

A) aptitude
B) achievement
C) standardized
D) general intelligence

Question 6

Lewis Terman's widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test was the

A) WISC.
B) WAIS.
C) Stanford-Binet.
D) SAT.

Question 7

The sort of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of

A) divergent thinking.
B) intelligence.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) heritability.

Question 8

The WAIS was designed for testing ________ intelligence, whereas the WISC was designed for testing ________ intelligence.

A) practical; creative
B) analytical; emotional
C) adults'; children's
D) Europeans'; North Americans'

Question 9

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

A) academic aptitude.
B) divergent thinking.
C) creativity.
D) inductive reasoning.

Question 10

Assessing current competence is to ________ tests as predicting future performance is to ________ tests.

A) intelligence; standardized
B) aptitude; achievement
C) standardized; intelligence
D) achievement; aptitude

Question 11

Molly has just taken a test of her capacity to learn to be a computer programmer. This is an example of a(n) ________ test.

A) fluid intelligence
B) achievement
C) interest
D) aptitude

Question 12

One of the 15 subtests included in the latest edition of the ________ involves remembering and correctly sequencing series of numbers and letters.

A) SAT.
B) GRE.
C) WAIS.
D) Stanford-Binet.

Question 13

In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren, Binet and Simon assumed that

A) the test would measure inherited, unchangeable abilities.
B) the test would yield an intelligence quotient consisting of chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100.
C) a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age.
D) measures of physical and sensory skills would be good predictors of school achievement.

Question 14

Aptitude tests are specifically designed to

A) predict ability to learn a new skill.
B) compare an individual's abilities with those of highly successful people.
C) assess learned knowledge or skills.
D) assess the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

Question 15

Binet used the term mental age to refer to

A) the average chronological age of children who completed a particular grade in school.
B) the years of formal education successfully completed by a child.
C) the total number of items correctly answered on an intelligence test divided by the child's chronological age.
D) the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance.

Question 16

A survey of the history of intelligence testing reinforces the important lesson that

A) although science strives for objectivity, scientists can be influenced by their personal biases.
B) the experiment is the most powerful tool available for examining cause-effect relationships.
C) different theoretical perspectives on behavior may be complementary rather than competing.
D) scientists are more concerned with the development of theory than with its practical application.

Question 17

The test that provides separate verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed scores, as well as an overall intelligence score, is the

A) WAIS.
B) Stanford-Binet.
C) SAT Reasoning Test.
D) Emotional Intelligence Test.

Question 18

Binet's recommendation of "mental orthopedics" highlighted the potential role of ________ in intellectual ability. Terman's sympathy with "eugenics" highlighted the potential role of ________ in intellectual ability.

A) brain size; neural processing speed
B) convergent thinking; divergent thinking
C) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
D) educational training; biological inheritance

Question 19

The French government commissioned Binet to develop an intelligence test that would

A) demonstrate the innate intellectual superiority of western European races.
B) effectively distinguish between practical and creative intelligence.
C) provide an objective measure of teaching effectiveness in the public school system.
D) reduce the need to rely on teachers' biased judgments of students' learning potential.

Question 20

Encouraging those of high intellectual ability to mate with one another was of most interest to

A) Alfred Binet.
B) Théodore Simon.
C) David Wechsler.
D) Francis Galton.

Question 21

The correlation between intelligence test scores and annual income will probably be HIGHEST if computed for a group having test scores ranging from

A) 135 to 160.
B) 70 to 95.
C) 110 to 135.
D) 80 to 120.

Question 22

A bell-shaped pattern that characterizes the distribution of a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of a

A) factor analysis.
B) normal curve.
C) longitudinal scale.
D) g factor.

Question 23

Dr. Bronfman has administered her new 100-item test of abstract reasoning to a large sample of students. She is presently comparing their scores on the odd-numbered questions with those on the even-numbered questions in an effort to

A) determine the test's validity.
B) determine the test's reliability.
C) standardize the test.
D) factor-analyze the test.

Question 24

Which test has been demonstrated to be a highly reliable measure?

A) Stanford-Binet
B) WAIS
C) WISC
D) all of these tests

Question 25

A college administrator is trying to assess whether an admissions test accurately predicts how well applicants will perform at his school. The administrator is most obviously concerned that the test is

A) standardized.
B) valid.
C) factor-analyzed.
D) normally distributed.

Question 26

After learning about his low score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Gunter complained, "I don't believe that test is a measure of intelligence at all." Gunter's statement is equivalent to saying that the WAIS lacks

A) standardization.
B) reliability.
C) validity.
D) a normal distribution.

Question 27

The relatively narrow range of intelligence among the college seniors who take the Graduate Record Exam serves to ________ the ________ of the Graduate Record Exam.

A) increase; reliability
B) decrease; predictive validity
C) increase; the normal distribution
D) decrease; the standardization sample

Question 28

About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 70 and 130.

A) 30
B) 60
C) 70
D) 95

Question 29

A test is reliable if it

A) measures what it claims to measure or predicts what it is supposed to predict.
B) yields dependably consistent scores.
C) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test.
D) produces a normal distribution of scores.

Question 30

One scholar has speculated that a genetic phenomenon comparable to "hybrid vigor" in plants and animals might have contributed to

A) factor analysis.
B) savant syndrome.
C) the Flynn effect.
D) Down syndrome.

Question 31

Different age groups are tested at the same time in a(n)

A) longitudinal study.
B) factor analysis.
C) a cross-sectional study.
D) MRI scan.

Question 32

Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternate forms of the same test in order to measure the ________ of the test.

A) content validity
B) predictive validity
C) normal distribution
D) reliability

Question 33

The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called

A) the bell curve.
B) divergent thinking.
C) the g factor.
D) the Flynn effect.

Question 34

The correlation is likely to be lowest between the

A) Stanford-Binet IQ scores and grades of elementary schoolchildren.
B) Wechsler intelligence scores and grades of high school students.
C) SAT scores and grades of first-year college students.
D) GRE scores and grades of graduate students.

Question 35

A test has a high degree of validity if it

A) measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict.
B) yields consistent results every time it is used.
C) produces a normal distribution of scores.
D) has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test.

Question 36

The distribution of body weights in the general adult human population forms a(n)

A) algorithm.
B) normal curve.
C) factor analysis.
D) cross-sectional scale.

Question 37

The Flynn effect best illustrates that the process of intelligence testing requires up-to-date

A) factor analyses.
B) standardization samples.
C) reliability indices.
D) genetic estimates.

Question 38

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test

A) has not been standardized.
B) is not valid.
C) is not reliable.
D) has not been factor-analyzed.

Question 39

Dr. Benthem reports that the scores of 100 male and 100 female students on his new test of mechanical reasoning form a normal curve. From his statement we may conclude that

A) the average male score was better than the average female score.
B) the students were simply guessing at the answers.
C) the average score on the test was 50 percent correct.
D) relatively few students' scores deviated extremely from the groups' average score.

Question 40

Dr. Zimmer has designed a test to measure golfers' knowledge of their sport's history. To interpret scores on it, he is presently administering the test to a representative sample of all golfers. Dr. Zimmer is clearly in the process of

A) establishing the test's validity.
B) conducting a factor analysis of the test.
C) standardizing the test.
D) establishing the test's reliability.

Question 41

The stability of children's intelligence test scores over time is most positively correlated with their

A) chronological age.
B) mental age.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) extrinsic motivation.

Question 42

Educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for

A) assuming that intelligence test scores can predict children's academic success.
B) underestimating the extent to which a g factor underlies success in a wide variety of tasks.
C) encouraging the segregation and academic tracking of intellectually advantaged students.
D) overemphasizing the genetic determinants of giftedness.

Question 43

Students verbal scores on the SAT correlate ________ with their subsequent verbal scores on the GRE. Students math scores on the SAT correlate ________ with their subsequent math scores on the GRE.

A) only modestly; very strongly
B) very strongly; only modestly
C) only modestly; only modestly
D) very strongly; very strongly

Question 44

The idea that adult intelligence declines with age has been challenged most effectively by

A) cross-sectional research.
B) research on fluid intelligence.
C) tests that assess recall memory.
D) longitudinal research.

Question 45

A longitudinal study is one in which

A) different age groups are tested at the same time.
B) different characteristics of a specific individual are assessed by a single test.
C) different characteristics of a specific individual are assessed by multiple tests.
D) the same group of people are tested and retested over a period of years.

Question 46

To be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, guidelines specify performance on an intelligence test of approximately

A) 100 or below.
B) 90 or below.
C) 80 or below.
D) 70 or below.

Question 47

"Gifted child" programs can lead to ________ by implicitly labeling some students as "ungifted" and isolating them from an enriched educational environment.

A) divergent thinking
B) the Flynn effect
C) factor analysis
D) self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 48

On which of the following tasks are 55-year-old adults most likely to perform just as effectively as they could 30 years earlier?

A) writing a story
B) solving an abstract geometry problem
C) recalling the names of recently introduced strangers
D) repeating numbers in the opposite order they were presented

Question 49

Research suggests that during early and middle adulthood

A) crystallized intelligence increases and fluid intelligence decreases.
B) crystallized intelligence decreases and fluid intelligence increases.
C) crystallized intelligence increases and fluid intelligence increases.
D) crystallized intelligence decreases and fluid intelligence decreases.

Question 50

When Ian Deary and his colleagues retested 80-year-old Scots, using an intelligence test they had taken as 11-year-olds, the correlation of their scores across seven decades was

A) -.16.
B) +.06.
C) +.16.
D) +.66.

Question 51

Assessing the stability of repeated intelligence test results gathered over the adult years of a single cohort would most clearly involve

A) genetic estimates.
B) a longitudinal study.
C) factor analysis.
D) a cross-sectional study.

Question 52

Down syndrome is a disorder of varying severity caused by

A) prenatal viral infections.
B) parental neglect during infancy.
C) an extra copy of chromosome 21.
D) a lack of sufficient oxygen at the time of birth.

Question 53

Crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's

A) accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.
B) ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
C) capacity for divergent thinking.
D) willingness to revise beliefs in light of new information.

Question 54

Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly?

A) crystallized intelligence
B) convergent thinking
C) factor analysis
D) fluid intelligence

Question 55

Terman observed that children with IQ scores over 135 are likely to

A) be athletically uncoordinated.
B) be academically successful.
C) lack intrinsic motivation.
D) have all of these characteristics.

Question 56

Older adults outperformed younger adults in their responses to New York Times crossword puzzles. The superior performance of these older adults best illustrates the value of

A) recall memory.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) factor analysis.
D) crystallized intelligence.

Question 57

Which of the following most directly suggested that intelligence declines throughout adulthood?

A) cross-sectional studies
B) factor analysis
C) longitudinal studies
D) genetic estimates

Question 58

Individuals who scored near 70 on earlier intelligence tests have scored ________ on more recent tests because the tests have been ________.

A) lower; factor analyzed
B) lower; restandardized
C) higher; factor analyzed
D) higher; restandardized