Question 1

A baseball strikes Ashley in the head and she is momentarily knocked unconscious. The physical injury, though not serious, is most likely to interfere with Ashley's ________ memory.&#10;A) flashbulb&#10;B) long-term&#10;C) procedural&#10;D) short-term

Accepted Answer

Ashley being momentarily knocked unconscious suggests a temporary disruption to her brain's functioning, which is likely to interfere with short-term memory.

Question 2

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called&#10;A) sensory memories.&#10;B) flashbulb memories.&#10;C) mood-congruent memories.&#10;D) repressed memories.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events, such as the news of a shocking or important event. These memories are so vivid, it is often described as if it were captured in a photograph, hence the term "flashbulb" memory.

Question 3

The deep brain structure(s) involved in motor movement and the formation of our procedural memories for skills is(are) the&#10;A) amygdala.&#10;B) hypothalamus.&#10;C) basal ganglia.&#10;D) hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

The basal ganglia is a group of structures in the brain that are involved in motor movement and the formation of our procedural memories for skills. The amygdala is primarily involved in emotional processing, the hypothalamus regulates physiological functions, and the hippocampus is important for forming and retrieving declarative memories.

Question 4

Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________.&#10;A) automatic processing; effortful processing&#10;B) sensory memory; working memory&#10;C) hippocampus; cerebellum&#10;D) basal ganglia; frontal lobes

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory is consciously recalled information, while implicit memory is information that is unconsciously retained and retrieved. The hippocampus is responsible for explicit memory while the cerebellum and basal ganglia are responsible for implicit memory. Therefore, choice C is the best answer as it correctly pairs the brain regions associated with each type of memory.

Question 5

The hippocampus helps process ________ memories for long-term storage.&#10;A) iconic&#10;B) explicit&#10;C) echoic&#10;D) implicit

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a crucial component in the formation and storage of explicit memories, which are those memories that are consciously recalled such as facts or events. Iconic and echoic memories refer to sensory information and are stored in different areas of the brain. Implicit memories are formed and stored without conscious awareness and involve things like motor skills or habits, which rely on different neural pathways than explicit memories.

Question 6

Following partial recovery from a severe stroke, Mr. Yanagita has learned how to ride a horse. However, he cannot consciously remember that he has learned to do this. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his

A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) hippocampus.
D) basal ganglia.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus plays a crucial role in encoding and transferring new explicit memories (conscious memories), such as memories for facts and events. Mr. Yanagita's inability to consciously remember that he has learned how to ride a horse suggests damage to his hippocampus. His ability to perform the task, however, indicates that other brain regions, such as the basal ganglia or cerebellum, which are involved in procedural memory and motor skills, are still intact.

Question 7

The network that processes and stores explicit memories includes the&#10;A) hippocampus and basal ganglia.&#10;B) cerebellum and frontal lobes.&#10;C) frontal lobes and hippocampus.&#10;D) basal ganglia and cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

The explicit memory network involves the integration of information between the frontal lobes and hippocampus, with the frontal lobes responsible for encoding and retrieving memories and the hippocampus consolidating and storing them. The basal ganglia and cerebellum are involved in implicit memory processes.

Question 8

A year and a half after directly experiencing a San Francisco earthquake, people had very accurate recall of where they had been and what they were doing at the time of the earthquake. Their recall best illustrates ________ memory.

A) implicit
B) sensory
C) procedural
D) flashbulb

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the detailed recall of an emotionally significant event. The experience of a significant earthquake is likely to create a strong emotional response, leading to vivid and accurate recall of the event even long after it happened.

Question 9

Damage to the ________ would most likely interfere with a person's ability to form new memories of a family vacation trip.&#10;A) basal ganglia&#10;B) hippocampus&#10;C) cerebellum&#10;D) amygdala

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a region in the brain that plays a crucial role in the formation of new memories. Damage to this area would likely result in difficulty in creating new memories, such as those related to a recent family vacation. The basal ganglia are involved in movement control, the cerebellum in motor coordination and balance, and the amygdala in emotion processing.

Question 10

When learning occurs through classical conditioning, the sea slug, Aplysia, releases more ________ at certain synapses.&#10;A) serotonin&#10;B) propranolol&#10;C) insulin&#10;D) LTP

Accepted Answer

Learning occurs through classical conditioning by repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, which leads to an association between the two. In the case of Aplysia, the unconditioned stimulus (such as a mild electrical shock) leads to the release of serotonin at synapses in the nervous system. With repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus alone can trigger the release of more serotonin at those same synapses. This increased release of serotonin is believed to be a neural mechanism underlying the learning process in this animal.

Question 11

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is&#10;A) essentially limitless.&#10;B) roughly equal to seven units of information.&#10;C) typically much greater in young children than in adults.&#10;D) greatly reduced after people reach the age of 65.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The human capacity for storing long-term memories...

Question 12

We long remember exciting or shocking events due to activation of the limbic system's&#10;A) hypothalamus.&#10;B) amygdala.&#10;C) basal ganglia.&#10;D) cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We long remember exciting or shocking events...

Question 13

Nonspeaking children have not learned the words that we use to index much of our explicit memory. This most clearly helps to explain the occurrence of&#10;A) iconic memory.&#10;B) imagination inflation.&#10;C) flashbulb memory.&#10;D) infantile amnesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nonspeaking children have not learned the words...

Question 14

Recalling a visual scene of last month's party and holding it in working memory would be most likely to activate the&#10;A) right frontal lobe.&#10;B) left frontal lobe.&#10;C) right cerebellum.&#10;D) left cerebellum.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recalling a visual scene of last month's...

Question 15

The rear area of the ________, which processes spatial memory, grows bigger the longer a London cab driver has been navigating the maze of city streets.&#10;A) thalamus&#10;B) amygdala&#10;C) hippocampus&#10;D) hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rear area of the ________, which...

Question 16

The cerebellum and basal ganglia play an important role in the processing of ________ memories.&#10;A) explicit&#10;B) iconic&#10;C) implicit&#10;D) echoic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cerebellum and basal ganglia play an...

Question 17

Memories initially processed in the hippocampus are transferred to ________ for long-term storage.&#10;A) the basal ganglia&#10;B) the brain's cortex&#10;C) the cerebellum&#10;D) the amygdala

Accepted Answer

The answer of Memories initially processed in the hippocampus are...

Question 18

Long-term potentiation refers to&#10;A) the impact of deep processing on retention.&#10;B) an automatic tendency to recall emotionally significant events.&#10;C) an increase in a neuron's firing potential.&#10;D) the process of learning something without any conscious memory of having learned it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long-term potentiation refers to&#10;A) the impact of...

Question 19

Infantile amnesia involves a lack of&#10;A) implicit memories.&#10;B) mnemonics.&#10;C) explicit memories.&#10;D) sensory memories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infantile amnesia involves a lack of&#10;A) implicit...

Question 20

The hippocampus and brain cortex display simultaneous activity rhythms during sleep. This supports the process of&#10;A) source misattribution.&#10;B) memory consolidation.&#10;C) distributed practice.&#10;D) procedural memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hippocampus and brain cortex display simultaneous...

Question 21

Individuals who received ________ for 10 days following a traumatic experience subsequently showed fewer signs of a stress disorder.&#10;A) propranolol&#10;B) glutamate&#10;C) LTP&#10;D) CREB

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals who received ________ for 10 days...

Question 22

The temporary release of serotonin has been found to ________ memory formation, and the temporary release of stress hormones has been found to ________ memory formation.&#10;A) disrupt; facilitate&#10;B) facilitate; disrupt&#10;C) disrupt; disrupt&#10;D) facilitate; facilitate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The temporary release of serotonin has been...

Question 23

Blocking CREB-producing neurons in the ________ of mice has been found to permanently erase an auditory fear memory.&#10;A) occipital lobes&#10;B) hypothalamus&#10;C) amygdala&#10;D) basal ganglia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Blocking CREB-producing neurons in the ________ of...

Deck 24: A: Storage A: Retaining Information in the Brain