Deck 19: A: the Nonvisual Senses

Question 1

Frequency is to pitch as amplitude is to

A) rhythm.
B) loudness.
C) hue.
D) wavelength.

Answer 1

loudness.

Question 2

Hair cells line the surface of the

A) feature detectors.
B) eardrum.
C) basilar membrane.
D) auditory nerve.

Answer 2

basilar membrane.

Question 3

The 130-decibel sound of a rock band is ________ times more intense than the 100-decibel sound of a nearby subway train.

A) 10
B) 30
C) 100
D) 1000

Answer 3

1000

Question 4

Prolonged exposure to any sounds above 85 ________ can produce hearing loss.

A) jnds
B) ESPs
C) gestalts
D) decibels

Question 5

Damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors is most likely to cause a loss of

A) kinesthesis.
B) audition.
C) top-down processing.
D) feature detection.

Question 6

Loudness is to amplitude as pitch is to

A) brightness.
B) hue.
C) rhythm.
D) frequency.

Question 7

The retina is to the eye as the ________ is to the ear.

A) auditory nerve
B) cochlea
C) auditory canal
D) eardrum

Question 8

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the

A) eardrum.
B) cochlea.
C) hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
D) auditory canal.

Question 9

The basilar membrane is located in the

A) middle ear.
B) auditory canal.
C) semicircular canal.
D) cochlea.

Question 10

The auditory nerve carries neural messages to the auditory cortex located in the ________ lobe.

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) occipital
D) parietal

Question 11

Many older people lose their hearing for high-pitched sounds due to tissue degeneration near the beginning of the basilar membrane. This is best explained by the ________ theory.

A) signal detection
B) frequency
C) opponent-process
D) place

Question 12

Cochlear implants did not enable hearing in deaf-from-birth cats that received them when fully grown, rather than as 8-week-old infants. This illustrates the importance of ________ for normal sensory development.

A) nociceptors
B) a critical period
C) the vestibular sense
D) the phi phenomenon

Question 13

The low notes on a piano always produce ________ sound waves than the high notes.

A) longer
B) higher-amplitude
C) shorter
D) lower-amplitude

Question 14

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the ________ theory.

A) gate-control
B) frequency
C) opponent-process
D) place

Question 15

Conduction hearing loss is most likely to result from damage to the

A) cochlea.
B) temporal lobe.
C) eardrum.
D) auditory nerve.

Question 16

The coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the

A) vestibular sac.
B) auditory canal.
C) semicircular canal.
D) cochlea.

Question 17

Tiny bones in the middle ear relay the eardrum's vibrations directly to the

A) oval window.
B) auditory canal.
C) vestibular sacs.
D) semicircular canals.

Question 18

By amplifying soft sounds but not loud sounds, digital hearing aids produce

A) sensory interaction.
B) compressed sound.
C) higher frequencies.
D) tinnitus.

Question 19

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer

A) tinnitus.
B) loss of balance.
C) conduction hearing loss.
D) sensorineural hearing loss.

Question 20

The mechanical system or chain reaction of vibrations triggered by sound waves are transformed into neural impulses by

A) hair cells.
B) the eardrum.
C) the oval window.
D) the auditory cortex.

Question 21

According to the frequency theory

A) most sound waves are a complex mixture of many frequencies.
B) high-frequency sounds trigger a wave of activity that peaks near the beginning of the basilar membrane.
C) the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard.
D) frequent or prolonged stimulation of a sensory receptor causes that receptor to become less sensitive.

Question 22

Alex tickles his brother by stroking adjacent ________ spots on his skin.

A) pressure
B) warmth
C) cold
D) pain

Question 23

Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This best illustrates the importance of

A) sensory adaptation.
B) accommodation.
C) top-down processing.
D) kinesthesis.

Question 24

The somatosensory cortex is activated by ________ sensations.

A) auditory
B) touch
C) taste
D) visual

Question 25

Small differences in the intensity of a sound received by each ear enable us to identify the ________ of the sound.

A) location
B) amplitude
C) pitch
D) absolute threshold

Question 26

According to the classic gate-control theory, activation of smaller spinal cord nerve fibers ________ pain and activation of larger spinal cord nerve fibers ________ pain.

A) decreases; decreases
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; increases
D) increases; decreases

Question 27

The role of central nervous system activity for the experience of pain is best highlighted by

A) prosopagnosia.
B) frequency theory.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) the opponent-process theory.

Question 28

Tinnitus is a phantom ________ sensation.

A) visual
B) auditory
C) taste
D) touch

Question 29

If you burn your finger, ________ transmit pain-triggering signals to your central nervous system.

A) ganglion cells
B) vestibular sacs
C) nociceptors
D) hair cells

Question 30

Memories of an episode of physical pain are ________ heavily influenced by our pain's peak moment than by our pain's duration. These memories are ________ heavily influenced by the final moments of the episode than by our pain's duration.

A) less; more
B) more; less
C) less; less
D) more; more

Question 31

On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by

A) the opponent-process theory.
B) Weber's law.
C) the gate-control theory.
D) frequency theory.

Question 32

You are in an unfamiliar setting and your eyes are closed. Which of the following sounds would be hardest for you to locate correctly?

A) a bell ringing 6 feet directly in front of you
B) a pen hitting the top of a table beside you
C) a crying child standing 5 feet off to your right
D) music from a loudspeaker 15 feet to your left

Question 33

People with persistent arm pain experienced a reduction in pain after receiving acupuncture with trick needles that retracted without puncturing the skin. The fake acupuncture treatment could best be described as a

A) subliminal stimulus.
B) phantom limb sensation.
C) nociceptor.
D) placebo.

Question 34

The volley principle is particularly relevant to the ________ theory.

A) opponent-process
B) place
C) gate-control
D) frequency

Question 35

People who carry a gene that boosts the availability of ________ are less bothered by pain.

A) endorphins
B) nociceptors
C) ganglion fibers
D) growth hormones

Question 36

The gate-control theory attempts to explain how

A) certain nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of a visual stimulus.
B) the nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain.
C) the perception of pitch is related to the specific area of the basilar membrane that is activated.
D) color vision depends on pairs of opposing neural processes.

Question 37

Research indicates that we have a receptor for a fifth taste sensation, the meaty taste of

A) fish oil.
B) umami.
C) vitamin E.
D) protein.

Question 38

Phantom limb sensations best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of

A) sensory input.
B) top-down processing.
C) conscious awareness.
D) parallel processing.

Question 39

Mr. Kim's experience of chronic back pain is influenced by his cultural background, his attentional processes, and nerve damage caused by an automobile accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Kim's suffering is most clearly provided by

A) Weber's law.
B) the volley principle.
C) opponent-process theory.
D) a biopsychosocial approach.

Question 40

If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of ________ for pain control.

A) sensory adaptation
B) subliminal stimulation
C) distraction
D) blindsight

Question 41

Damage to the temporal lobes is most likely to affect our

A) vision.
B) vestibular sense.
C) sense of touch.
D) sense of smell.

Question 42

The smell of food as we eat it influences our perception of the food's taste. This illustrates

A) perceptual constancy.
B) sensory interaction.
C) the McGurk effect.
D) perceptual adaptation.

Question 43

The vestibular sense involves the sensory system that

A) detects changes in your body temperature.
B) monitors the position and movement of your head.
C) transmits neural impulses to your olfactory bulb.
D) signals damage to your body tissues.

Question 44

People judge the temperature of a room as colder following the experience of

A) the phi phenomenon.
B) sensory interaction.
C) sensory adaptation.
D) social exclusion.

Question 45

People experience mildly unpleasant tastes as very unpleasant if they mentally anticipate that an unpleasant taste is coming. This best illustrates the importance of

A) psychokinesis.
B) Weber's law.
C) sensory adaptation.
D) top-down processing.

Question 46

In psychological science, the influence of physical sensations on mental judgments is said to illustrate

A) a difference threshold.
B) synaesthesia.
C) prosopagnosia.
D) embodied cognition.

Question 47

Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of

A) kinesthesis.
B) smell.
C) touch.
D) hearing.

Question 48

When leaning to the left by sitting in a left-leaning chair, people lean more left in their expressed political attitudes. This best illustrates

A) sensory adaptation.
B) the volley principle.
C) embodied cognition.
D) the phi phenomenon.

Question 49

The brain's circuitry for smell is closely connected with brain areas involved in

A) respiration.
B) memory.
C) vision.
D) sensing touch.

Question 50

People in the United States tend to like the smell of wintergreen more than do those in Britain. This best illustrates that our preferences for certain odors depends on

A) difference thresholds.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) learned associations.
D) the McGurk effect.

Question 51

The green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to Sam. This illustrates the importance of

A) difference thresholds.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) subliminal stimulation.
D) sensory interaction.

Question 52

Areas of the brain involved in memory are located most closely to areas of the brain responsible for our sense of

A) touch.
B) smell.
C) vision.
D) hearing.

Question 53

For Andrew, the sight of specific letters such as L and P typically triggers specific taste sensations. Andrew's experience best illustrates

A) prosopagnosia.
B) synaesthesia.
C) a difference threshold.
D) blindsight.

Question 54

The absolute threshold for taste sensations is relatively ________ among people who smoke and relatively ________ among people who misuse alcohol.

A) high; high
B) low; low
C) high; low
D) low; high

Question 55

In one experiment, being told that a wine cost $90 rather than its real price made it taste better. This best illustrates that taste is influenced by

A) psychokinesis.
B) prosopagnosia.
C) mental expectations.
D) sensory adaptation.

Question 56

Sensory interaction is best illustrated by

A) frequency theory.
B) the volley principle.
C) the McGurk effect.
D) the phi phenomenon.

Question 57

Kinesthesis refers to the

A) quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation.
B) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals.
C) diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
D) system for sensing the position and movement of bones, ears, tendons, and joints.

Question 58

With her eyes closed, Sierra can accurately touch her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger. Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of

A) accommodation.
B) kinesthesis.
C) sensory interaction.
D) sensory adaptation.

Question 59

If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing someone else saying may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as

A) prosopagnosia.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) blindsight.
D) the McGurk effect.

Question 60

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of

A) sensory interaction.
B) the McGurk effect.
C) subliminal stimulation.
D) synaesthesia.

Question 61

The ability to detect whether your body is in a horizontal or vertical position depends most directly on

A) accommodation.
B) sensory adaptation.
C) the vestibular sense.
D) olfactory receptors.

Question 62

Receptor cells for the vestibular sense are located in the

A) fovea.
B) inner ear.
C) tendons and joints.
D) olfactory bulb.