Deck 13: A: Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development

Question 1

Responsiveness to sound begins during ________ development.

A) embryonic
B) zygotic
C) ovular
D) fetal

Answer 1

fetal

Question 2

Learning the rising or falling intonations of spoken language first begins during

A) the concrete operational stage.
B) the first week after birth.
C) the preoperational stage.
D) prenatal development.

Answer 2

prenatal development.

Question 3

Exceptionally timid and cautious infants tend to become shy and unassertive adolescents. This best illustrates the long-term stability of

A) temperament.
B) individualism.
C) schemas.
D) habituation.

Answer 3

temperament.

Question 4

Sperm cells release ________ that eat away a mature egg cell's protective coating.

A) viruses
B) teratogens
C) enzymes
D) zygotes

Question 5

As boys with explosive tempers grow older, they are especially likely to have difficulty maintaining good jobs and happy marriages. This fact is most relevant to the issue of

A) assimilation and accommodation.
B) embryonic and fetal development.
C) stability and change.
D) concrete and formal operations.

Question 6

Boys first begin producing sperm during

A) embryonic development.
B) fetal development.
C) the first year after birth.
D) puberty.

Question 7

A stage theory of development was advanced by

A) Kohlberg.
B) Erikson.
C) Piaget.
D) all of these psychologists.

Question 8

Research indicates that 1-day-old human infants can distinguish

A) their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.
B) differences in light intensity but not differences in shape.
C) their mother's face from that of a female stranger.
D) differences in sound intensity but not differences in sound quality.

Question 9

The branch of psychology that systematically focuses on the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout the human life span cycle is called

A) social psychology.
B) personality psychology.
C) developmental psychology.
D) biological psychology.

Question 10

Cocaine use during Shanda's pregnancy damaged her developing fetus. The cocaine was a(n)

A) critical period.
B) teratogen.
C) genome.
D) telomere.

Question 11

One of the three major issues in developmental psychology involves a focus on

A) habituation and imprinting.
B) identity and intimacy.
C) conservation and egocentrism.
D) stability and change.

Question 12

Harmful chemicals or viruses that can be transferred from a mother to her developing fetus are called

A) schemas.
B) telomeres.
C) teratogens.
D) zygotes.

Question 13

Researchers who emphasize learning and experience tend to view development as

A) a continuous process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a sequence of stages.
B) a sequence of stages, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a continuous process.
C) a cognitive process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a social process.
D) a social process, while those who emphasize maturation often view development as a cognitive process.

Question 14

Newborn infants typically prefer their mother's voice over their father's voice because

A) their reflexes are naturally triggered by higher-pitched sounds.
B) they rapidly habituate to lower-pitched male voices.
C) they become familiar with their mother's voice before they are born.
D) they form an emotional attachment to their mother during breast feeding.

Question 15

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth is known as a(n)

A) embryo.
B) fetus.
C) zygote.
D) ovum.

Question 16

From 2 weeks to 8 weeks after conception, the human organism is known as a(n)

A) embryo.
B) fetus.
C) zygote.
D) ovum.

Question 17

The outer cells of the zygote become the

A) fetus.
B) embryo.
C) placenta.
D) genome.

Question 18

Stage theories of adult development are most likely to be criticized for exaggerating the

A) importance of social influence.
B) predictability of development.
C) importance of epigenetic effects.
D) interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 19

Professor Conrad is a research specialist in the study of identity formation during adolescence. It is most likely that the professor is a ________ psychologist.

A) developmental
B) biological
C) psychodynamic
D) clinical

Question 20

A fertilized egg is called a(n)

A) embryo.
B) zygote.
C) teratogen.
D) fetus.

Question 21

As newborns, we turn our heads in the direction of human voices and we gaze longer at more facelike images. This best illustrates that we are born preferring sights and sounds that facilitate

A) imprinting.
B) conservation.
C) object permanence.
D) social responsiveness.

Question 22

Automatically withdrawing our limbs to escape pain illustrates

A) habituation.
B) imprinting.
C) stranger anxiety.
D) a reflex response.

Question 23

The best evidence that 4-month-old infants possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on

A) conservation.
B) infant reflexes.
C) object permanence.
D) habituation.

Question 24

Research on the perceptual abilities of newborns indicates that they

A) see nothing for the first 12 hours.
B) see only differences in brightness.
C) recognize the outlines of objects but none of the details.
D) look more at a facelike image.

Question 25

A decrease in responding with repeated stimulation is called

A) imprinting.
B) assimilation.
C) habituation.
D) conservation.

Question 26

Three-month-old Andrew was obviously startled by the first ring of the telephone, but with each subsequent ring he seemed to become less reactive. This best illustrates the process of

A) accommodation.
B) conservation.
C) imprinting.
D) habituation.

Question 27

When Joan touched her infant's cheek, he turned his head toward the side that was touched and opened his mouth. Joan was eliciting the reflex to ________ a nipple.

A) root for
B) imprint on
C) habituate to
D) accommodate to

Question 28

Noticeable facial misproportions and lifelong brain abnormalities are most likely to be associated with severe cases of

A) infantile amnesia.
B) imprinting.
C) autism spectrum disorder.
D) FAS.

Question 29

An unlearned, automatic response to a sensory stimulus is called a

A) neural network.
B) synapse.
C) schema.
D) reflex.

Question 30

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome demonstrate that alcohol is a

A) teratogen.
B) genome.
C) telomere.
D) schema.

Question 31

After viewing images of ________, infants looked the longest at a hybrid cat-dog image with a cat's body and a dog's face. This suggests that infants focus first on animals' ________.

A) cats; bodies
B) dogs; bodies
C) cats; faces
D) dogs; faces