Deck 30: Plants

Question 1

The antheridia and archegonia of liverworts are

A) gametophyte structures that are diploid.
B) gametophyte structures that are haploid.
C) are sporophyte structures that diploid.
D) are sporophyte structures that are haploid.
E) asexual structures that bypass the need for the alternation of generations.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a plant with no true roots, leaves, or stem?

A) rose
B) liverwort
C) conifer
D) ginkgo
E) fern

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The gametophyte of mosses has two stages. During the first stage, the gametophyte grows into a branching of filament cells known as a(n)

A) antheridium.
B) archegonium.
C) rhizoid.
D) protonema.
E) sori.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which generation is dominant in the moss life cycle?

A) haploid gametophyte
B) diploid gametophyte
C) haploid sporophyte
D) diploid sporophyte
E) diploid antheridium

Question 5

Fertilization in the mosses and liverworts is dependent upon

A) insects.
B) mammals.
C) water.
D) wind.
E) light.

Question 6

The sporophyte generation produces spores by mitosis in structures called sporangia.

Question 7

Psilotum are most closely related to

A) angiosperms.
B) gymnosperms.
C) conifers.
D) green algae.
E) ferns.

Question 8

Which of the following differentiates green algae from moss?

A) The green algae use chlorophyll a, while mosses use chlorophyll b.
B) The cell walls of algae contain chitin, while the cell walls of moss contain cellulose.
C) Mosses enclose and protect the embryo from desiccation, while green algae do not.
D) Mosses are vascular, while green algae are nonvascular.
E) Algae are sporophytes that reproduce only asexually, while mosses are gametophytes and reproduce sexually.

Question 9

In the life cycle of the fern, meiosis takes place during the

A) development of seeds.
B) development of the gametophyte.
C) production of egg and sperm.
D) production of spores.
E) development of vascular tissue.

Question 10

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) eggs-antheridia
B) fern sporophyte-dominant generation
C) fern gametophyte-nonvascular
D) fern sporophyte-fiddleheads
E) fern sporophyte-vascular

Question 11

Which sequence is correct in the life cycle of alternation of generations?

A) gametophyte → spores → sporophyte
B) gametophyte → gametes → spores → sporophyte
C) gametophyte → gametes → zygote → spores → sporophyte
D) gametophyte → spores → gametes → zygote → sporophyte
E) gametophyte → gametes → zygote → sporophyte → spores

Question 12

Your biology professor asks you to locate the haploid spores of a moss. In what part of the moss will you find them?

A) foot
B) stalk
C) capsule
D) archegonium
E) antheridium

Question 13

A gamete-producing plant is known as a

A) sporophyte.
B) fruit.
C) gametophyte.
D) homosporophyte.
E) heterosporophyte.

Question 14

What structure anchors nonvascular plants to the soil?

A) antheridia
B) archegonia
C) rhizoids
D) roots
E) sori

Question 15

The term for the flat, lobed body of a liverwort such as Marchantia is

A) antheridia.
B) rhizoid.
C) archegonium.
D) protonema.
E) thallus.

Question 16

The vascular tissue by which water and minerals are transported through a fern is called

A) xylem.
B) stigma.
C) phloem.
D) absent in roots.
E) produced by stomata.

Question 17

Which of the following is a significant event in the evolution of plants?

A) protection of the embryo
B) evolution of vascular tissue
C) evolution of the seed
D) evolution of the flower
E) All of the answer choices list significant events in the evolutionary history of plants.

Question 18

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) xylem-conducts water up from the soil
B) phloem-transports organic nutrients
C) vascular tissue-consists of xylem and phloem
D) vascular plants-sporophyte is dominant
E) sporophyte-haploid

Question 19

Which of the following plants has the longest evolutionary history on land?

A) ferns
B) bristlecone pine tree
C) moss
D) redwood tree
E) grass

Question 20

A major evolutionary trend among plants is

A) a reduction in the size of the gametophyte and an increase in the size of the sporophyte.
B) a reduction in the size of the sporophyte and an increase in the size of the gametophyte.
C) an increase in the size of both the sporophyte and the gametophyte.
D) a decrease in the size of both the sporophyte and the gametophyte.
E) the sporophyte and the gametophyte have evolved to become the same size for all plant types.

Question 21

Plants that flourished in the Mesozoic era along with dinosaurs were the

A) ferns.
B) bryophytes.
C) cycads.
D) flowering plants.
E) conifers.

Question 22

Which generation is dominant in the life cycle of a horsetail?

A) haploid gametophyte
B) diploid gametophyte
C) haploid sporophyte
D) diploid sporophyte
E) monoploid sporophyte

Question 23

Which of these may occur in both angiosperms and gymnosperms?

A) seeds in cones
B) seeds in flowers
C) seeds encased in fruit
D) wind pollination
E) insect pollination

Question 24

Which of the following statements applies to both moss and ferns?

A) Young sporophyte leaves are called fiddleheads.
B) The sporophyte stage lacks vascular tissue.
C) The sporophyte has true leaves, stems, and roots.
D) Fertilization requires moisture for the sperm to swim to the egg within the archegonia.
E) The sporophyte stage is the dominant generation.

Question 25

Which of the following specifically refers to pteridophytes?

A) water not required for sperm transport
B) windblown spores
C) pollen grains
D) gametophyte dominant
E) seeds

Question 26

Which statement is true about fiddleheads?

A) Fiddleheads are young fronds.
B) Fiddleheads are found in ferns.
C) Fiddleheads are part of the sporophyte generation.
D) Fiddleheads contain vascular tissue.
E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of fiddleheads.

Question 27

In the pine life cycle, a megaspore develops into

A) a seed.
B) a sporophyte.
C) a pollen grain.
D) a female gametophyte.
E) a fruit.

Question 28

Which of the following is a reason why the ginkgo is unique among gymnosperms?

A) The ginkgo grows well in polluted areas.
B) Ginkgo biloba is the only surviving species.
C) The tree is propagated vegetatively to provide male trees that lack smelly seeds.
D) Ginkgos are popular for big cities along streets and parks.
E) All of the answer choices explain why gingkos are unique among gymnosperms.

Question 29

In pine trees, microsporocytes undergo meiosis to produce microspores, which will germinate to produce

A) embryo sacs.
B) ovules.
C) pollen grains.
D) zygotes.
E) eggs.

Question 30

The egg-producing structures of a fern are called

A) sporangia.
B) antheridia.
C) archegonia.
D) ovules.
E) ovaries.

Question 31

The small, heart-shaped gametophyte called a prothallus is part of the life cycle of the

A) mosses.
B) ferns.
C) liverworts.
D) ginkgoes.
E) gnetophyte.

Question 32

In the life cycle of a fern, the zygote

A) develops into the sporophyte.
B) develops into the gametophyte.
C) is also called the prothallus.
D) grows via meiosis.
E) is haploid.

Question 33

Which statement refers specifically to the gametophyte generation in gymnosperms?

A) The gametophyte generation the diploid generation.
B) The gametophyte generation contains vascular tissue.
C) The gametophyte generation is the dominant generation.
D) The gametophyte generation produces winged naked seeds.
E) The gametophyte generation is produced within cones.

Question 34

How is a seed like a spore?

A) They both are haploid.
B) They both give rise to the sporophyte generation.
C) They both give rise to the gametophyte generation.
D) They both are flagellated.
E) They both disperse the species.

Question 35

Which vascular plants have seeds?

A) ferns
B) club mosses
C) whisk ferns
D) gymnosperms
E) horsetails

Question 36

Which of the following plants will produce seeds encased in fruit?

A) moss
B) fern
C) cycad
D) ginkgo
E) cactus

Question 37

Which statement is true regarding both gymnosperms and angiosperms?

A) They both have swimming sperm.
B) They both lack the gametophyte generation.
C) They both have a separate male and female gametophyte generation.
D) They both produce cones and flowers.
E) They both rely on pollinators.

Question 38

Compared to bryophytes, ferns are better adapted to life on land because ferns

A) produce seeds.
B) do not have a swimming sperm.
C) do not have a gametophyte generation.
D) have vascular tissue.
E) can be found in dry or moist environments.

Question 39

The megaspore in seed plants will develop into the

A) seeds.
B) spores.
C) pollen grains.
D) mature female gametophyte.
E) mature male gametophyte.

Question 40

Which of the following is classified as a gymnosperm?

A) horsetail
B) cycad
C) moss
D) fern
E) monocot

Question 41

The site of formation of pollen grains is in the

A) carpel.
B) sepal.
C) receptacle.
D) petal.
E) stamen.

Question 42

Gladiolus produces leaves with parallel veins and a fibrous root system. This plant is a(n)

A) bryophyte.
B) eudicot.
C) monocot.
D) cycad.
E) fern.

Question 43

A lily (a monocot) would have

A) rhizoids rather than true roots.
B) flower parts in threes.
C) seeds in a cone.
D) netted leaf veins.
E) two cotyledons.

Question 44

Botanically, a seed is a structure developed from a(n)

A) style.
B) ovule.
C) stigma.
D) anther.
E) sepal.

Question 45

Which feature is common across all seed plants?

A) flowers
B) fruits
C) pollen tubes
D) flagellated sperm
E) sperm carried by pollinators

Question 46

Which of the following is a component of a seed?

A) seed coat
B) endosperm
C) embryo
D) triploid tissue
E) All of the answer choices list parts of a seed.

Question 47

Which part of an angiosperm seed is triploid (3n)?

A) embryonic sporophyte generation
B) embryonic gametophyte generation
C) protective seed coat
D) fruit around the seed
E) endosperm

Question 48

The function of the seed coat is to

A) form the seedling.
B) develop into the fruit.
C) provide water to the embryo.
D) provide nutrients to the embryo.
E) provide a protective coating for the embryo.

Question 49

Which part of the flower protects the flower bud before it opens?

A) carpels
B) sepals
C) receptacle
D) petals
E) stamen

Question 50

Which statement best describes double fertilization in an angiosperm?

A) Two egg cells are fertilized within each ovule.
B) A sperm nucleus fuses with an egg cell and a sperm nucleus fuses with polar nuclei.
C) Two sperm are required for fertilization of one egg cell.
D) A flower can engage in both self-pollination and cross-pollination.
E) One sperm fertilizes the egg which divides twice to form two embryos.

Question 51

Which of the following flower mechanisms would help prevent pollination by a foreign species?

A) A pollen tube only grows in the style of its own species.
B) The stigma is sticks only to its own species of pollen.
C) The timing of flowering varies by species.
D) Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators.
E) All of the answer choices describe mechanisms that reduce the chance of pollination by a foreign species.

Question 52

How do monocots and dicots differ in regards to the number of floral parts?

A) Monocots have floral parts arranged in groups of three while eudicots have floral parts arranged in groups of fours or fives.
B) Monocots have floral parts arranged in groups of fours while eudicots have floral parts arranged in groups of five.
C) Monocots have floral parts arranged in groups of two while eudicots have floral parts arranged in groups of five.
D) Monocots have floral parts arranged in groups of two while eudicots have floral parts arranged in groups of three.
E) Neither monocots nor eudicots have specific numbers of floral parts.

Question 53

During pollination, where on the flower do pollen grains land?

A) ovary
B) stigma
C) anther
D) filament
E) style

Question 54

Ovules are contained within the

A) ovary.
B) stigma.
C) anther.
D) filament.
E) style.

Question 55

The anther and filament are parts of the

A) carpel.
B) sepal.
C) receptacle.
D) petal.
E) stamen.

Question 56

Which statement applies specifically to angiosperms?

A) The sporophyte is diploid.
B) The sporophyte produces two distinct types of spores.
C) The flower is a diploid structure produced by the sporophyte.
D) The microsporocyte develops into the pollen grain.
E) Two sperm are released by the male gametophyte.

Question 57

Which of the following is a characteristic of monocots?

A) two cotyledons
B) leaves with netted veins
C) woody or herbaceous plants
D) flower parts in fours and fives
E) vascular bundles scattered in the stem

Question 58

The structure that forms most of the flesh of an apple is the

A) carpel.
B) sepal.
C) ovary.
D) petal.
E) stamen.

Question 59

Which part of a seed provides nourishment for the embryo, enabling seed plants to survive on land?

A) ovary
B) seed coat
C) egg sac
D) endosperm
E) ectosperm

Question 60

The reproductive parts of an angiosperm are the

A) petals and sepals.
B) petals and stamen.
C) sepals and stamen.
D) sepals and carpel.
E) carpel and stamen.

Question 61

A fruit is a

A) stigmatized pollen grain.
B) mature ovary.
C) microspore.
D) megaspore.
E) seed.

Question 62

If a plant has flower petals that are small and the same color as its leaves, it is likely to be pollinated by

A) bats.
B) bees.
C) the wind.
D) butterflies.
E) moths.

Question 63

A megasporocyte would be found in what part of a flower?

A) ovary
B) stigma
C) anther
D) filament
E) style

Question 64

Both charophytes and land plants share which of these characteristics?

A) Both have true roots and leaves.
B) Both have chlorophyll a and store carbohydrates as starch.
C) Both have vascular tissue and protect the zygote.
D) Both protect the embryo and have cell walls with cellulose.
E) Both cell walls contain cellulose and produce seeds.

Question 65

For the ancestors of land plants, supplying water to all cells of the organism would have been possible because

A) algae have vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients to all parts of the organism.
B) water would simply diffuse into the cells from the surrounding environment.
C) the circulatory system of algae evolved early in the history of life.
D) algae take water in through root-like cilia that move water into the cells.
E) algae have specialized structures called desmosomes that move water into the cells.

Question 66

List the five major events in the evolutionary history of plants.

Question 67

Identify the traits of nonvascular plants that enabled them to adapt to life on land.

Question 68

What is thought to be the first major derived feature that separates land plants from algae?

A) Land plants evolved chlorophyll a.
B) Land plants produce glucose from photosynthesis.
C) Land plants protect the embryo.
D) Land plants have cell walls.
E) Land plants use cellulose in their cell walls.

Question 69

Of all the plant groups, only gymnosperms and angiosperms have male gametophytes.

Question 70

Which of the following is considered a vegetable?

A) squash
B) grapes
C) tomatoes
D) cucumber
E) celery stalks

Question 71

One adaptation that was necessary for charophytes to move onto land was the protection of the embryo from desiccation. In mosses, the embryo, called a developing sporophyte, is

A) protected within the archegonium and nourished by the "foot" growing down into the gametophyte tissue.
B) protected by the antheridia and nourished by the rhizoids.
C) protected by the protonema and nourished by the "foot" growing down into the gametophyte.
D) protected within the antheridia and nourished by the "foot" growing down into the sporophyte tissue.
E) not protected since mosses are not vascular plants.

Question 72

Which feature possessed by most land plants is missing in mosses, which grow low to the ground in damp, shaded areas?

A) cell walls, so they cannot stand upright
B) a protected zygote, so they must grow in damp areas to supply the zygote with moisture
C) vascular tissue, so they must grow along the ground in damp areas to supply water to the cells
D) chlorophyll b, so they can only use filtered light for photosynthesis
E) starch production, so they only produce small amounts of glucose, since any beyond what they use immediately cannot be stored.

Question 73

Which of the following applies only to bryophytes?

A) seedless and vascular
B) habitat preference is dry, cold conditions
C) nonvascular gametophyte
D) asexual reproduction
E) sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte

Question 74

List the key features used to identify if a flowering plant is a monocot or a eudicot.

Question 75

Showy flowers are most likely pollinated by

A) wind only.
B) insects only.
C) birds only.
D) water only.
E) insects or birds.