Deck 29: Protists and Fungi

Question 1

An example of a filamentous green alga is

A) Ulva.
B) Chlamydomonas.
C) Volvox.
D) Spirogyra.
E) Fucus.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following algae are found in ponds and have chloroplasts that are arranged in a spiral?

A) Ulva
B) Spirogyra
C) Euglena
D) Chlamydomonas
E) Volvox

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Agar and carrageenen are products derived from

A) red algae.
B) green algae.
C) brown algae.
D) water molds.
E) diatoms.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following best describes most protozoans?

A) heterotrophic and non-motile
B) autotrophic and motile
C) heterotrophic and motile
D) autotrophic and non-motile
E) saprophytic and non-motile

Question 5

The deposits of chalky fossils that build the White Cliffs of Dover were produced by

A) radiolaria.
B) foraminiferans.
C) ciliates.
D) diatoms (as diatomaceous earth).
E) dinoflagellates.

Question 6

A pellicle is a structure that is specific to

A) diatoms.
B) brown and red algae.
C) dinoflagellates.
D) green algae.
E) euglenoids.

Question 7

Which of the following is a reason why green algae is considered to be protists rather than plants?

A) The green algae use chlorophyll a, while plants use chlorophyll b.
B) Green algae have a cell wall of chitin, while plants have cell walls of cellulose.
C) Most algae are single-celled, plants are multicellular.
D) All plants are vascular, while all green algae are nonvascular.
E) Algae reproduce only asexually, while plants reproduce sexually.

Question 8

Which group of algae are thought to be the most closely related to land plants?

A) brown
B) red
C) green
D) dinoflagellates
E) diatoms

Question 9

Spirogyra practice a type of sexual exchange called

A) budding.
B) aggregation.
C) fruiting body.
D) conjugation.
E) gametogenesis.

Question 10

The idea that mitochondria may have resulted when a nucleated cell engulfed aerobic bacteria is known as the

A) chemiosmotic theory.
B) endosymbiotic hypothesis.
C) Lyon hypothesis.
D) theory of evolution by means of acquired characteristics.
E) theory of acquisition of organelles.

Question 11

An example of a colonial green alga is

A) Ulva.
B) Chlamydomonas.
C) Volvox.
D) Spirogyra.
E) Fucus.

Question 12

Diatoms are saprotrophs.

Question 13

What unicellular alga whirls as it moves?

A) diatom
B) dinoflagellate
C) euglenoid
D) zooflagellate
E) red algae

Question 14

Diatoms have elaborate shells made of

A) carbon.
B) magnesium.
C) plastic.
D) silica.
E) cellulose.

Question 15

Which of the following organisms move about by means of pseudopodia?

A) diatoms
B) euglenids
C) amoeboids
D) fungi
E) ciliates

Question 16

Dinoflagellates are classified in supergroup

A) Archaeplastids.
B) SAR.
C) Opisthokonts.
D) Excavates.
E) Amoebozoans.

Question 17

Protist reproduction

A) occurs only asexually by mitosis.
B) occurs only sexually by meiosis.
C) occurs only sexually by binary fission.
D) is mostly sexual, with asexual as an option when environmental conditions are unfavorable.
E) is mostly asexual, with sexual as an option when environmental conditions are unfavorable.

Question 18

Which type of organism causes a "red tide"?

A) euglenoids
B) water molds
C) brown algae
D) green algae
E) dinoflagellates

Question 19

Protists are no longer classified as a kingdom because DNA evidence suggests they did not evolve from a single common ancestor.

Question 20

A member of the green algae is

A) Amoeba proteus.
B) Plasmodium vivax.
C) Chlamydomonas.
D) Penicillium.
E) Paramecium.

Question 21

A chain of asexual spores produced by a sac fungus is called

A) a mycelium.
B) a conidia.
C) an ascospore.
D) a basidiospore.
E) a hypha.

Question 22

A cuplike sexual reproductive structure is found in the

A) Basidiomycota.
B) Glomeromycota.
C) Chytridiomycota.
D) Ascomycota.
E) Zygomycota.

Question 23

Which group of organisms is mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.

A) Algae
B) Viruses
C) Fungi
D) Protozoans
E) Ciliates

Question 24

Which of the following is classified as a fungi?

A) protozoans
B) algae
C) slime molds
D) water molds
E) black bread mold

Question 25

Which of the following is a fungus?

A) mushroom
B) yeast
C) ringworm
D) mold
E) All of the answer choices represent types of fungi.

Question 26

Chytrids and mushrooms are examples of organisms that belong to the kingdom

A) Archaea.
B) Protists.
C) Fungi.
D) Plantae.
E) Animalia.

Question 27

Which is the largest group of protozoans?

A) amoeboids
B) zooflagellates
C) ciliates
D) sporozoans
E) slime molds

Question 28

At one time, biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyll and evolved saprotrophy to obtain food. Which of the following is a reason why fungi are no longer classified with the plants?

A) Fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose.
B) Fungi digest their food internally.
C) All fungi have flagella at some stage in their life cycle and plants do not.
D) Plants are multicellular and fungi are unicellular.
E) Plants store glycogen, while fungi store starch.

Question 29

Which of the following terms describes organisms that break down dead organic matter in order to absorb the nutrient molecules?

A) prokaryotic
B) autotrophic
C) parasitic
D) saprotrophic
E) heterotrophic

Question 30

In time, bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces. Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf?

A) Mold can grow only on dry surfaces.
B) Only molds at the surface of the bread can get oxygen to respire.
C) Mold actually begins from anywhere inside but produces colored spores only at the surface.
D) There is an antibiotic antagonism between the bread mold and the internal yeasts that made the bread rise.
E) The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores settle only on the outside of the cooled bread.

Question 31

Although they have many features in common, water molds are differentiated from fungi because

A) unlike fungi, water molds are saprotrophic.
B) water molds have cell walls of cellulose, while fungi have cell walls of chitin.
C) water molds grow only in water and fungi grow only on land.
D) adult water molds are diploid, while adult fungi are haploid.
E) unlike fungi, water molds do not have a filamentous body.

Question 32

Which protist is mismatched with the type of movement it utilizes?

A) amoeboids-pseudopodia
B) ciliates-cilia
C) dinoflagellates-flagella
D) foraminiferans-pseudopodia
E) euglenoids-cilia

Question 33

What structure forms when Rhizopus reproduces sexually?

A) an ascocarp
B) a basidium
C) mycorrhizae
D) a zygospore
E) a lichen

Question 34

Which organisms exist as a diploid, multinucleated cytoplasmic mass?

A) sporozoa
B) dinoflagellates
C) slime molds
D) diatoms
E) ciliates

Question 35

You dig up a large mass of fungal filaments. Upon close examination, you find cross-walls composed on chitin. Which of the following describes what you dug up?

A) a mycelium with septate sporangium
B) a sporangium with nonseptate sporangium
C) a mycelium with septate hyphae
D) hyphae with nonseptate mycelium
E) an ascocarp with nonseptate hyphae

Question 36

Each filament in a mycelium is known as

A) a zygosporangium.
B) a conidium.
C) an ascospore.
D) a basidiospore.
E) a hypha.

Question 37

Which of the following groupings correctly identifies the classification of fungi?

A) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Opisthokonts, kingdom Fungi
B) Domain Bacteria, supergroup Opisthokonts, kingdom Fungi
C) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Amoebozoans, kingdom Fungi
D) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Amoebozoans, kingdom Plantae
E) Domain Eukarya, supergroup Rhizaria, kingdom Fungi

Question 38

Sac fungi take their name from the shape

A) of their sexual spores.
B) of the sexual reproductive structure that produces the spores.
C) of their asexual spores.
D) of their hyphae.
E) of their underground mycelium.

Question 39

The infective agent of which human disease has an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual reproductive phase in the Anopheles mosquito?

A) malaria
B) African sleeping sickness
C) toxoplasmosis
D) amoebic dysentery
E) All of the answer choices represent diseases with both an asexual phase in humans and a sexual phase in mosquitos.

Question 40

The sporozoan Toxoplasma gondii can be harmful to a developing fetus. Thus, pregnant women are advised to avoid

A) raw honey.
B) mosquito bites.
C) consuming sushi.
D) cat feces.
E) dog dander.

Question 41

Which group of organisms can trace their ancestry to the protists?

A) fungi
B) plants
C) animals
D) All of the answer choices are correct.
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 42

Which of the following fungi cause disease in humans?

A) dermatophytes
B) Candida albicans
C) Histoplasma capsulatum
D) Coccidioides immitis
E) All of the answer choices list fungi that cause disease in humans.

Question 43

To be classified as a protist, an organism must be eukaryotic and comprised of a single cell.

Question 44

Crustose, fruticose, and foliose obtain their nutrients from photosynthetic cells contained within their middle layer. These are varieties of

A) rusts and smuts.
B) mushrooms.
C) yeasts.
D) lichens.
E) mycorrhizae.

Question 45

Which of the following would have an ascocarp?

A) truffles
B) rusts
C) smuts
D) Rhizopus
E) chytrids

Question 46

List the five eukaryotic supergroups and indicate the types of organisms that belong in each.

Question 47

You shake a basidiocarp and a cloud of powdery material is released. What was released?

A) mycelia
B) insects
C) hyphae
D) spores
E) seeds

Question 48

During the baking of bread, what do yeast release that makes the bread rise?

A) ethanol
B) carbon dioxide
C) oxygen
D) spores
E) sugar

Question 49

Fungal infections are difficult to treat because of the similarity in their nucleus, organelles, and ribosomes to those in human cells.

Question 50

Which pair is mismatched?

A) sporangium-bread mold
B) ascocarp-shelf fungi
C) basidium-club fungi
D) conidia-sac fungi
E) flagellated reproductive cells-chytrids

Question 51

Which features differentiate most members of protista apart from the rest of the eukaryotic kingdoms?

A) unicellular and microscopic
B) multicellular and microscopic
C) photosynthetic and unicellular
D) heterotrophic and multicellular
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 52

List the six steps in the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax, the protist that causes malaria.

Question 53

The relationship between the fungi and algae in lichens is best described as mutually beneficial.

Question 54

Explain why chytrid fungi (phylum Chytridomycota) are believed to have been the first fungi to have evolved.

Question 55

The aboveground portion of a mushroom is termed a basidiocarp. What is the function of the basidiocarp?

A) trapping insects for food
B) reproduction
C) photosynthesis
D) collecting water
E) attracting an opposite mating strain

Question 56

A mushroom will produce a sexual spore at the tip of a club-shaped

A) mycelia.
B) conidia.
C) ascus.
D) basidia.
E) hypha.