Deck 18: Senses

Question 1

Where are the photoreceptors of the eye located?

A) retina
B) optic nerve
C) choroid layer
D) sclera
E) organ of Corti

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When a stimulus is continuous but we no longer respond to it, the process is called

A) integration.
B) proprioception.
C) somatic sensing.
D) countersensation.
E) sensory adaptation.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The structure that regulates the size of the opening for light in the eye is the

A) pupil.
B) retina.
C) iris.
D) ciliary muscle.
E) lens.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The monitoring of blood oxygen levels within the body is done by what type of receptor?

A) thermoreceptor
B) chemoreceptor
C) mechanoreceptor
D) photoreceptor
E) proprioceptor

Question 5

Which type(s) of receptor is(are) found in the retina?

A) rods and cones
B) organ of Corti
C) muscle spindles
D) olfactory cells
E) hair cells in ampullae

Question 6

If light rays are not focused evenly on the retina, a fuzzy image is formed. This condition is called

A) nearsightedness.
B) farsightedness.
C) astigmatism.
D) cataracts.
E) conduction deafness.

Question 7

Taste cells can detect at three primary types of taste: salty, sour, and bitter.

Question 8

Approximately 80-90% of what we perceive as "taste" is actually due to a sense of smell.

Question 9

The sense of rotational equilibrium is accomplished by hair cells found in the

A) cochlear duct.
B) outer ear.
C) middle ear.
D) ampullae.
E) cochlea (organ of Corti).

Question 10

Vertigo would most likely result from

A) continuous stimulation of the tympanic membrane.
B) bipolar cells stimulating the retina.
C) the formation of particles in the semicircular canals.
D) increased vibrations in the basilar membrane.
E) lack of red or green cones.

Question 11

Senses whose receptors are associated with the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera are called internal senses.

Question 12

The tongue contains approximately 10,000 taste buds.

Question 13

Color vision depends on three types of cones that contain pigments known as

A) B, G, and R.
B) R, G, and O.
C) R, Y, and B.
D) R, W, and B.
E) G, B, and Y.

Question 14

On the retina there is a specialized region in which vision for color is most acute. This area is called the

A) tectorial membrane.
B) otolith.
C) fovea centralis.
D) blind spot.
E) ampulla.

Question 15

The two major types of sensory receptors, based on the origin of stimuli, are

A) chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
B) photoreceptors and thermoreceptors.
C) chemoreceptors and nonchemoreceptors.
D) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system receptors.
E) exteroceptors and interoceptors.

Question 16

Which taste receptors are capable of detecting certain amino acids, particularly glutamate?

A) salty
B) umami
C) sour
D) sweet
E) bitter

Question 17

The sclera is continuous with the

A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) retina.
D) choroid coat.
E) fovea centralis.

Question 18

Receptors that are directly involved in maintaining homeostasis are primarily

A) chemoreceptors.
B) photoreceptors.
C) interoceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) exteroceptors.

Question 19

Interoceptors are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.

Question 20

The receptors that detect position and movement of limbs are called

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) proprioceptors.
D) photoreceptors.
E) nociceptors.

Question 21

When an internal pain is felt in a surface region of the skin, it is called

A) referred pain.
B) proprioception.
C) somatic sensing.
D) countersensation.
E) sensory adaptation.

Question 22

Taste buds and olfactory cells are considered

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) cutaneous receptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) photoreceptors.

Question 23

Which cutaneous receptors are concentrated in the fingertips and palms?

A) Meissner corpuscles
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Ruffini endings
D) root hair plexus
E) free nerve endings

Question 24

The doctor tells you that you have anosmia. What is your problem?

A) no sense of smell
B) an inability to fall asleep
C) an inability to stay asleep
D) vertigo
E) deafness

Question 25

The olfactory bulbs have a direct connection with what part of the brain?

A) limbic system
B) pons
C) medulla
D) brain stem
E) temporal lobe

Question 26

Which health problem is associated with a decrease in the ability to taste certain foods?

A) allergies
B) upper respiratory tract infection
C) brain tumors
D) exposure to drugs
E) All of the answer choices can decrease a person's ability to taste certain foods.

Question 27

When you look at an image, it is inverted on the back of the retina and yet appears right-side-up when we perceive it. What part of the body is responsible for inverting the image?

A) the retina
B) the rods and cones
C) the optic nerve
D) the brain
E) the lens

Question 28

Which of the following correctly matches a sensory receptor with its stimuli?

A) photoreceptors-sense of "smell"
B) chemoreceptors-sense of position
C) proprioceptors-detection of carbon dioxide level in blood
D) thermoreceptors-changes in temperature
E) mechanoreceptors-sense of temperature

Question 29

The most frequent causes of blindness in adults are retinal disorders.

Question 30

Taste and smell are examples of exteroceptors.

Question 31

What is the location of the sensory receptors associated with the sense of smell?

A) roof of the nasal cavity
B) tongue
C) back of the pharynx
D) inferior portion of the nasal cavity
E) frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 32

Which type of receptor found in the skin is comprised of free nerve endings?

A) temperature
B) Merkel disks
C) Krause end bulbs
D) Meissner corpuscles
E) Pacinian corpuscles

Question 33

What part of your brain interprets the information received from the taste buds?

A) olfactory cortex
B) gustatory cotex
C) visual cortex
D) auditory cortex
E) Taste is interpreted in the mouth and not the brain.

Question 34

What are the three areas of the inner ear?

A) semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea
B) semicircular canals, vestibule, and organ of Corti
C) malleus, vestibule, and cochlea
D) malleus, incus, and stapes
E) malleus, incus, and vestibule

Question 35

The order in which light reaches the lens of a human eye is

A) pupil → cornea → aqueous humor → lens.
B) lens → aqueous humor → pupil → cornea.
C) cornea → aqueous humor → pupil → lens.
D) cornea → pupil → aqueous humor → lens.
E) cornea → vitreous humor → pupil → lens.

Question 36

Images arriving at the visual area of the brain have been split because the left optic tract carries information about the right portion of the visual field and the right optic tract carries information about the left portion of the visual field.

Question 37

As people age, they tend to lose their sense of smell and their hearing.

Question 38

In nearsightedness, light rays are brought into focus

A) in front of the retina.
B) in back of the retina.
C) on the retina.
D) on the hair cells of the ampulla.
E) unevenly across the retina.

Question 39

There are separate nociceptors for mechanical damage and damage due to toxic substances.

Question 40

Which of the following would be detected by a cutaneous receptor?

A) equilibrium
B) sound waves
C) motion
D) gravity
E) temperature

Question 41

The bones of the middle ear

A) respond to a change in the position of the head.
B) transmit sound waves.
C) are sense receptors connected to the auditory nerve.
D) are named the malleus, incus, and otolith.
E) are connected to the tectorial membrane and oval window.

Question 42

Scott has lost his sense of smell due to an accident, although to look at him you would never know anything was wrong. Upon external examination, his doctor cannot see any damage either. What part of Scott's body has been damaged?

A) his oral cavity
B) his nasal cavity
C) his olfactory tract to the brain
D) his pharynx
E) his nose

Question 43

Jennifer's doctor tells her that she is experiencing a problem with her proprioceptors. What symptoms must Jennifer be experiencing?

A) falling down
B) memory failure
C) intense pain
D) a fight-or-flight response
E) blindness

Question 44

From your understanding of the anatomy of the ear, what is the most likely explanation for a dog's ability to hear higher frequencies (pitch)?

A) more ear bones for greater amplification
B) larger outer ears
C) a thinner and therefore more sensitive tympanic membrane (eardrum)
D) a wider range to the tectorial membrane and hair cells
E) a more advanced brain section devoted to hearing

Question 45

Which pair is mismatched?

A) semicircular canals-inner ear
B) ampulla-outer ear
C) auditory canal-outer ear
D) ossicles-middle ear
E) stapes-oval window

Question 46

The malleus, incus, and stapes are

A) located in the inner ear.
B) equivalent terms for the saccule, utricle, and the otolith.
C) surrounded by fluid in a bony cavity.
D) located between the tympanic membrane and the oval window.
E) located between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane.

Question 47

Puncturing the tympanic membrane would

A) make you totally deaf.
B) prevent the normal transmission of sound vibration.
C) destroy the sense receptors for hearing.
D) account for why some people who hear still cannot sing a tune.
E) account for dizziness and equilibrium problems.

Question 48

A person who is farsighted cannot see close objects because

A) the lens is too small.
B) the optic nerve is damaged.
C) the eyeball is too short.
D) the eyeball is too long.
E) of a lack of rod receptors.

Question 49

When a baseball player is hit in the back by a ball, what is detected by the pain receptors?

A) chemicals that are released by the damaged cells
B) the pressure produced by the trauma
C) the body's position during the time of the injury
D) the temperature of the day
E) None of the answer choices would be detected by the pain receptors.

Question 50

Rotational equilibrium depends on which of the following structures?

A) utricle and saccule
B) semicircular canals
C) stapes and saccule
D) auditory canal
E) utricle and semicircular canals

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Hearing is not dependent on the inner ear.
B) All parts of the organ of Corti hear all ranges of sound.
C) Loud music does not damage your ears.
D) Hearing is dependent on mechanical pressure.
E) Sound is similar to light insofar as it is transmitted through the vacuum of space.

Question 52

What structures are responsible for detecting odor?

A) receptor proteins on the olfactory cells
B) receptor lipids on the olfactory cells
C) receptor carbohydrates on the olfactory cells
D) receptor proteins on the sclera
E) receptor proteins on the ossicles

Question 53

The direction of movement of the head relative to gravity is determined by

A) stereocilia in a gelatinous material called a cupula.
B) movement of fluid in the ampulla.
C) displacement of otoliths on the otolithic membrane.
D) asymmetric nerve impulses from proprioceptors on the left and right side of the head.
E) integration of the visual and auditory signals in the equilibria center of the cortex.

Question 54

What two structures are associated with gravitational equilibrium?

A) utricle and saccule
B) semicircular canal and cupula
C) utricle and semicircular canal
D) saccule and cupula
E) utricle and cupula

Question 55

It is very hot in the room but Jamie does not seem to notice. Her exteroreceptors have detected the heat and sent the message to her brain, but her brain has not correctly determined the message. What does Jamie have a problem with?

A) exteroreceptors
B) detection
C) sensation
D) perception
E) thermoreceptors

Question 56

Julie can see very well close up, but has more problems with distance vision. She really has trouble when looking from her paper up to the professor at the front of the class and back again. What part of her eye is most likely the problem?

A) optic nerve
B) fovea
C) cornea
D) ciliary muscle
E) suspensory ligaments

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?

A) The act of trying to read a book while riding in a car causes eyestrain.
B) When it is totally dark, the rods and cones of the eyes do not send any visual impulses.
C) After the wound healed, the pain also went away.
D) You notice the smell of liver and onions cooking when you enter the kitchen, but soon you do not notice the odor although they are still cooking.
E) At first you did not like rock music but as you became older, you found you liked it.

Question 58

David has a problem with his vision. He sees very well but everything is black and white. The problem is most likely with what part of his eye?

A) the cornea
B) the cones
C) the lens
D) the fovea centralis
E) the retina

Question 59

Glaucoma is caused by

A) hardening of the lens.
B) inadequate drainage of the aqueous humor.
C) loss of the otoliths.
D) loss of taste cells.
E) overstimulation of the ampulla.

Question 60

Which correctly traces the path of a sound vibration?

A) auditory canal → tympanic membrane → malleus → incus → stapes → oval window → cochlea → cochlear nerve
B) auditory canal → malleus → incus → stapes → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlea → cochlear nerve
C) auditory canal → tympanic membrane → malleus → incus → stapes → cochlea → oval window → cochlear nerve
D) auditory canal → tympanic membrane → oval window → cochlea → malleus → incus → stapes → cochlear nerve
E) auditory canal → malleus → incus → stapes → oval window → tympanic membrane → cochlea → cochlear nerve

Question 61

Which of the following is a correct association of sensory problems?

A) color blindness-lack of red or green cones
B) deafness-infection with certain viruses such as the rubella virus
C) otosclerosis-new bones overgrow the stirrup, requiring surgery
D) cataracts-lens becomes opaque with aging and sun exposure
E) All of the answer choices are correct associations.

Question 62

What substance will displace the cupula during rotational equilibrium?

A) fluid within the semicircular canal
B) fluid within the utricle
C) the otoliths within the semicircular canal
D) the otoliths within the vestibule
E) fluid within the auditory tube

Question 63

Deafness due to injury to the auditory center of the brain could be alleviated by the use of a hearing aid.

Question 64

How does the lens change shape when focusing on an image that is close?

A) The lens becomes rounded in order to bring the image to focus on the retina.
B) The lens will flatten out in order to bring the image to focus on the retina.
C) The lens becomes rounded in order to bring the image to focus on the sclera.
D) The lens will flatten out in order to bring the image to focus on the sclera.
E) The lens does not change shape in order to focus on an image that is close up.

Question 65

Which of the following correctly describes receptors in the skin?

A) Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Krause end bulbs detect pain.
B) Meissner corpuscles and Merkel disks detect fine touch.
C) One type of nerve cell detects both hot and cold.
D) All receptor types are spread uniformly throughout dermal tissue.
E) Temperature receptors are free nerve endings in the dermis.

Question 66

Stereocilia on hair cells are involved in both our rotational and our gravitational sense of equilibrium.

Question 67

From what you currently know, in a spacecraft at a point of weightlessness, which effect is most likely?

A) Rotational equilibrium would be lacking and you could not detect head movement.
B) Gravitational equilibrium would be altered since the otoliths would not be pulled down by gravity.
C) Without gravity, there would be no vertigo.
D) All balance systems would work similar to being on Earth with normal gravity.
E) There would be absolutely no sense of balance signals of either type without gravity.

Question 68

You are constantly sunbathing without sunscreen or other protective devices. In addition you are also a smoker. These behaviors have significantly increased your chances of getting what disease?

A) glaucoma
B) cataracts
C) vertigo
D) Meniere's disease
E) anosmia

Question 69

Which of the following groups contain all membranous structures?

A) ossicles, tympanic membrane, oval window
B) cochlea, ampulla, otoliths
C) tympanic membrane, oval window, round window
D) malleus, incus, stapes
E) tympanic membrane, oval window, stapes

Question 70

When light intensity drops at nighttime, we can expect a lit city street scene to appear

A) intense in color and very sharp.
B) more black and white, but very sharp.
C) intense in color and blurry.
D) more black and white and blurry.
E) identical to the image formed of the street in daytime.

Question 71

Which of the following is true about cones?

A) They detect color of an object.
B) They detect detail of an object.
C) They require high-intensity light.
D) Rods are more numerous in the retina than cones.
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 72

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) The iris regulates the amount of light reaching the retina.
B) The rods are involved in black-and-white vision.
C) There is a blind spot where the optic nerve joins the retina.
D) The sclera is the outer coat of the eye.
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 73

The fluid within the semicircular canals and the otoliths present in the utricle and saccule play very similar roles in our sense of equilibrium.

Question 74

Which of the following is a true statement about the rod photoreceptors?

A) They contain the pigment rhodopsin.
B) They are functional only in dim light.
C) The stimulus formed results from the breakdown of rhodopsin.
D) They detect even the slightest motion.
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 75

The correct order in which a light ray enters the eye is

A) cornea → vitreous humor → lens → aqueous humor → retina
B) lens → vitreous humor → cornea → aqueous humor → retina
C) lens → cornea → aqueous humor → vitreous humor → retina
D) cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous humor → retina
E) lens → aqueous humor → cornea → vitreous humor → retina

Question 76

Which of the following is necessary to see an object?

A) retina
B) optic nerve
C) nerve impulse
D) bipolar cells
E) All of the answer choices are necessary for sight.

Question 77

What part of the ear determines pitch?

A) tympanic membrane
B) oval window
C) incus, malleus, and stapes
D) auditory canal
E) organ of Corti

Question 78

You go to the doctor because you have been experiencing dizziness. Where does the doctor look first?

A) in your ears
B) in your mouth
C) in your eyes
D) in your nose
E) at your skin

Question 79

Impulses from the eye result in sight perception and impulses from the ear are perceived as sound. This is due to

A) the neurons of the receptor, which use different ions to send signals to the brain.
B) the neurons of the receptor, which send signals at different frequencies.
C) the final destination of the signals. The signals from the eye travel to the visual perception region of the brain; auditory signals go to the hearing section.
D) the type of signal sent by the neuron, for example, either a visual pattern or a sound pattern as the signal travels through the nerves.
E) the different receptors (photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors) that are completely different types of nervous tissue cells.

Question 80

A lack of hair cells within your inner ear would result in deafness.