Deck 10: Plant Reproduction and Responses

Question 1

Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces

A) a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus.
B) a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm.
C) a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote.
D) a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm.
E) a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is a dioecious plant. This means that the flowers of hemp

A) are complete.
B) are incomplete.
C) are perfect.
D) contain both stamens and carpels.
E) contain both petals and sepals.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from an anther of one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant of the same species.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The pollen grain contains the

A) sperm.
B) egg.
C) embryo.
D) endosperm.
E) anther.

Question 5

A sperm nucleus combines with one polar nucleus to form the endosperm.

Question 6

What part of the flower attracts pollinators?

A) petals
B) sepals
C) carpels
D) stamens
E) ovaries

Question 7

The megaspore divides mitotically, resulting in a female gametophyte or embryo sac that differentiates into an egg and a central cell with two nuclei called the

A) generative cell.
B) pollen grain.
C) microspores.
D) endosperm.
E) polar nuclei.

Question 8

Ovules contain the microspore mother cell.

Question 9

Which of the following statement is true about the life cycle of flowering plants?

A) The sporophyte is diploid.
B) The sporophyte produces two different types of spores.
C) The male gametophyte is the pollen grain.
D) The female gametophyte is retained within the body of the sporophyte parent generation.
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 10

Alternation of generations means that a diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis and a haploid gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis.

Question 11

What flower mechanism would help prevent pollination by a foreign plant species?

A) A pollen tube only grows inside the style of its own species.
B) The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen.
C) The timing of flowering keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species.
D) Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators and, therefore, pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers.
E) All of the answer choices help prevent pollination by a foreign species.

Question 12

How many nuclei are present inside a pollen grain?

A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four

Question 13

The function of endosperm is to

A) form the seedling.
B) develop the fruit.
C) provide water to the embryo.
D) provide nutrients to the developing embryo.
E) provide a protective coating for the embryo.

Question 14

The male gametophyte in flowering plants will be found within the

A) carpel.
B) ovary.
C) sepal.
D) filament.
E) pollen grain.

Question 15

A flower without stamens would be considered female.

Question 16

Which of the following is a vegetative structure?

A) stem
B) sepal
C) petal
D) stamen
E) carpel

Question 17

Which of the following is part of the male portion of the flower?

A) filament
B) carpel
C) pistil
D) stigma
E) style

Question 18

Which of the following is considered a male structure within a flower?

A) anther
B) stigma
C) style
D) ovary
E) ovule

Question 19

Fertilization in flowering plants occurs

A) on the stigma.
B) in the style.
C) in the ovule.
D) in the anther.
E) in the endosperm.

Question 20

You find a plant with flowers that contain stamens and carpels but no petals. What could you conclude about this "flower"?

A) The plant is pollinated by the wind.
B) The plant is sterile.
C) The plant is dioecious.
D) The flower is considered complete.
E) The plant is really a gametophyte.

Question 21

The protective sheath that first surrounds the plumule of a monocot is called the

A) cotyledon.
B) coleoptile.
C) plumule.
D) radicle.
E) epicotyl.

Question 22

The ovary wall develops into the

A) leaves.
B) roots.
C) fruit.
D) cotyledons.
E) seed coat.

Question 23

Which of the following is a vegetable?

A) corn kernel
B) peas and beans
C) tomato
D) cucumber
E) onion

Question 24

You are examining a seed with tiny white plumes attached to it. How is this type of seed most likely dispersed?

A) by animals who eat it
B) by floating on water
C) by the wind
D) by attaching to the fur of animals
E) by bursting forth from the seed pod

Question 25

Which of the following methods of reproduction is sexual?

A) runners and stolons
B) rhizomes
C) cuttings
D) grafting and suckers
E) flowering

Question 26

After a seed has been produced, it often has a time during which no growth occurs called

A) pre-germination.
B) senescence.
C) suspended animation.
D) dormancy.
E) hibernation.

Question 27

Which of the following parts of a plant embryo grows downward?

A) plumule
B) epicotyl
C) seed coat
D) radicle
E) shoot

Question 28

Which of the following is part of a developing monocot embryo?

A) epicotyl
B) hypocotyl
C) cotyledon
D) radicle
E) coleoptile

Question 29

Stored food in a eudicot cotyledon was derived from

A) part of the stigma.
B) the fruit.
C) triploid endosperm.
D) the egg nucleus.
E) the ovary.

Question 30

Which structure is the only food source for a developing monocot embryo?

A) radicle
B) cotyledon
C) endosperm
D) epicotyl
E) hypocotyl

Question 31

The ability of individual plant cells to develop into an entire plant is known as

A) propagation.
B) organogenesis.
C) totipotency.
D) phytoplasty.

Question 32

When you eat an apple, the core left over is the ovary.

Question 33

Peas and beans are considered legumes. Why?

A) A legume is a fruit that splits along two sides when mature.
B) They are both simple fruits.
C) The actual seed is inside the pod.
D) Both are green when ripe.
E) Both develop relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Question 34

Which of the following structures protects the embryo until conditions favor regrowth?

A) embryo
B) endosperm
C) seed coat
D) ovary
E) sperm

Question 35

A pea is actually a seed.

Question 36

Compound fruits

A) include legumes like peas and beans.
B) are derived from a simple ovary of a single carpel.
C) develop from several individual ovaries.
D) include peaches, tomatoes, and cherries.
E) develop from a compound ovary of several fused carpels.

Question 37

Which of the following would be considered a dry fruit?

A) one that doesn't split open
B) one derived from a simple ovary
C) one derived from the receptacle and not the ovary
D) one derived from several individual ovaries
E) one derived from many different carpels

Question 38

Plants can "migrate" from one area to another. Which of the following would allow a plant population to migrate the fastest?

A) pollination
B) fertilization
C) germination
D) seed dispersal
E) asexual or vegetative propagation

Question 39

Which of the following is arranged in proper order?

A) fertilization → pollination → seed formation → germination
B) seed formation → fertilization → germination → pollination
C) pollination → fertilization → seed formation → germination
D) germination → seed formation → fertilization → pollination
E) pollination → fertilization → germination → seed formation

Question 40

A corn kernel is classified as a seed.

Question 41

Which plant hormone will act as an inhibitor of growth and maintains dormancy?

A) auxin
B) indoleacetic acid
C) gibberellin
D) cytokinin
E) abscisic acid

Question 42

Which substance will help in seed germination and indicates to the plant that the stem must elongate to reach the light?

A) cytokinins
B) ethylene
C) auxin
D) agent orange
E) phytochrome

Question 43

One of the major advantages of most asexual propagation techniques is that they eliminate pathogens.

Question 44

Which of the following plant hormones prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth?

A) indoleacetic acid
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 45

Which plant hormone is used by industry to cause fruits to drop from a tree?

A) indoleacetic acid
B) gibberellin
C) auxin
D) ethylene
E) abscisic acid

Question 46

Which action would cause a long-day plant to flower?

A) Interrupt the day with a period of darkness.
B) Interrupt a long night with a flash of light.
C) Give the plant some phytochrome.
D) Allow an insect to pollinate the plant.
E) Keep the plant in the dark.

Question 47

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin?

A) bark
B) pith
C) root tips
D) spongy mesophyll
E) xylem

Question 48

Which of the following is an advantage of tissue culture?

A) Plant tissue can be used to produce medicines such as digitoxin and other products for the treatment of human disease.
B) Tissue culture allows the production of healthier plant varieties.
C) Many botanical gardens and universities use tissue culture for plant conservation.
D) Tissue culture helps maintain plants that are disease-free.
E) All of the answer choices are advantages of tissue culture.

Question 49

The sugarcane stem is harvested to produce sugar. Which of the following plant hormones could be used by industry to increase the size of sugarcane production?

A) indoleacetic acid
B) gibberellins
C) zeatin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 50

Clover is an example of a what type of flowering plant?

A) long-day
B) short-day
C) day-neutral
D) intermediate-day
E) nonflowering

Question 51

In asexual reproduction in plants, there is only one parent, instead of two.

Question 52

Which of the following are associated with asexual reproduction in plants? Check all that apply.

A) daughter plants being genetically identical to the parent plant
B) the production of gametes
C) a portion of one plant giving rise to a completely new plant
D) vegetative propagation
E) meiosis

Question 53

In a mature embryo, the epicotyl is the portion between the cotyledon(s) that contributes to root development.

Question 54

The banana can only be produced through tissue culture.

Question 55

Techniques for tissue culture vary, but most begin with cells from the meristem of the parent plant.

Question 56

Tomatoes are a fleshy fruit.

Question 57

Asparagus is a dioecious plant, and all commercial stalks are female.

Question 58

Phototropism and gravitropism occur from the action(s) of

A) auxin in both cases.
B) gibberellin and auxin, respectively.
C) cytokinin and auxin, respectively.
D) abscisic acid and ethylene, respectively.
E) ethylene and auxin, respectively.

Question 59

If strawberry plants do not produce seeds that are used for next year's crop, how are strawberry plants propagated?

A) from flowers
B) from pollen
C) from the nodes of stolons
D) from tissue culture
E) from protoplasts

Question 60

How are potato plants propagated?

A) by "eyes" (a bud)
B) by runners
C) by pollen
D) by flowers
E) by protoplasts

Question 61

Describe the function of the following plant structures: petals, stamens, and carpel.

Question 62

Explain the various uses of gibberellins in the agricultural industry.

Question 63

A friend complains that all of her houseplants have bent stems. You examine the plants and find that their stems all curve toward the light. What would you recommend to your friend to correct the problem?

A) Apply an auxin to the shady side of the stems.
B) Water the plants more frequently.
C) Apply gibberellins to the bases of the stems.
D) Turn each plant occasionally.
E) Repot the plants.

Question 64

The two-stage life cycle in plants evolved as an adaptation to life on land.

Question 65

What would be the outcome of applying ethylene to a bushel of oranges?

A) Ethylene stimulates cellulase, which will hydrolyze the cellulose in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.
B) Ethylene will initiate and maintain seed dormancy as well as bring about the closure of the stomata.
C) Ethylene stimulates cellulase, which will hydrolyze the proteins in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.
D) Ethylene stimulates cellulase, which will hydrolyze the lipids in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.
E) Ethylene stimulates cell division, which will cause the fruit to ripen.

Question 66

From the discussion of long-day and short-day plants, it is obvious that "day-neutral" plants

A) flower when the night is shorter than a critical length.
B) flower when the night is longer than a critical length.
C) are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering.
D) have short stems or long stems, depending on the photoperiod.
E) have flowers that only open during the daytime.

Question 67

The response of plants to the relative length of light and darkness is termed

A) phototropism.
B) photosynthesis.
C) photoperiodism.
D) translocation.
E) transpiration.

Question 68

Plant hormones bring about a physiological response in the plant after binding to the nucleus of the plant cells.

Question 69

Plant hormones are small organic molecules produced by the plants themselves.

Question 70

What pathway is directly responsible for producing the gametophytes during the alternation of generations in plants?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) binary fission
D) both mitosis and meiosis
E) None of the answer choices will produce gametophytes.

Question 71

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the germination of the eudicot seed?

A) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges, from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots.
B) The cotyledon was absorbed by the endosperm and supplies the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil, it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots.
C) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil, it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The radicle becomes part of the stem and the hypocotyl develops into the roots.
D) The pericarp has absorbed the endosperm and supplies the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil, it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots.
E) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil, it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The plumule and the radicle push through the coleorhiza during germination.

Question 72

List the features that enable us to distinguish the difference between a simple fruit and a compound fruit.

Question 73

Plants could readily develop seasonal responses based on temperature changes, but have evolved their rhythms based on a comparison of daylight and darkness. Why has the day-night ratio system been selected?

A) Temperature has no effect upon plant biochemistry.
B) Temperature is a gradation, but day/night is all or nothing.
C) A plant's nervous system is tuned to light stimuli and not to temperature stimuli.
D) Temperatures fluctuate widely across seasons and from year to year, but photoperiod comparisons are a more reliable indicator of season.
E) Having a day-night system makes plants more likely to be an evolutionary success since animals follow day-night cycles as well.