Deck 5: Threats to Cybersecurity by Hacktivists and Nation States

Question 1

Edward Snowden, an American computer professional, provided all of the following tips for keeping data private except ______.

A) decrypt your phone calls and text messages
B) encrypt your hard drive
C) use a password manager
D) use two-factor identification

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Cyber terrorism attacks often take the form of ______.

A) denial-of-service attacks
B) worms
C) phishing
D) spamming

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to the text, cyberthreats originate mainly from all of the following entities except ______.

A) hackers
B) military units
C) local governments
D) terrorists

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Hackers who are motivated by personal gain or a certain cause are often referred to as ______.

A) red hats
B) black hats
C) white hats
D) green hats

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT considered a main type of insider threat?

A) malicious
B) exploited
C) careless
D) feared

Question 6

All of the following were identified as vulnerable infrastructures except ______.

A) telecommunications
B) energy
C) education
D) transportation

Question 7

Groups with displeasure of government are often motivated by all of the following except ______.

A) freedom
B) individuality
C) aristocracy
D) privacy

Question 8

A ______ refers to persons who attempt unauthorized access to a control system device and/or network using a data communications pathway.

A) cyberthreat
B) cyberwarfare
C) cybersecurity
D) cyberattack

Question 9

Threats to cybersecurity originate from all of the following sources except ______.

A) individual
B) local
C) national
D) international

Question 10

One of the most persistent threats for the United States in terms of cyberattacks originates in ______.

A) North Korea
B) Israel
C) Russia
D) China

Question 11

According to national surveys, ______ are the second greatest threat to a company's cybersecurity, only trumped by hackers.

A) foreign governments
B) spies
C) insiders
D) hacktivists

Question 12

The most serious insider cybercrimes include all of the following except ______.

A) extortion
B) terrorism
C) embezzlement
D) harassment

Question 13

The "bad guy" hackers are known as ______.

A) red hats
B) white hats
C) black hats
D) green hats

Question 14

The least common but most costly is ______ insider threat.

A) malicious
B) careless
C) exploited
D) feared

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics of hackers is not true?

A) The members meet each other quite often.
B) It is male-dominated.
C) They work anonymously.
D) They have several public identities.

Question 16

People who are "tricked" by others into giving up access information or information about themselves to an external party are known as ______ insiders.

A) feared
B) exploited
C) malicious
D) careless

Question 17

Threats that originate from inside the company or organization are referred to as ______.

A) individual threats
B) local threats
C) national threats
D) foreign threats

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT identified as one of the main forms of international threats?

A) nation-states hacking or spying on trade and other secret information
B) advanced hackers aiming at large corporations
C) hacking or spying on city and local governments
D) terrorists looking to identify and exploit vulnerabilities in our infrastructures

Question 19

Human behavior that departs from compliance with established policies, regardless of whether it results from malice or a disregard for security policies, is the manifestation of a/an ______ threat.

A) insider
B) outsider
C) national government
D) foreign government

Question 20

The use of computer networks and technologies as a means for conducting attacks that target critical national infrastructures or governmental assets has a psychological, social, political, or religious motive, causes harm to individuals or groups, or physically damages infrastructures is referred to as ______.

A) cyberwarfare
B) cyberbullying
C) cyberterrorism
D) cyberespionage

Question 21

______ typically work independently to expose security vulnerabilities or practices that endanger individuals' private data.

A) Gray hats
B) Black hats
C) White hats
D) Green hats

Question 22

The negative connotation of the word hacker could be defined as "a malicious meddler who tries to discover sensitive information by poking around. Hence password hacker, network hacker. The correct term for this sense is cracker."

Question 23

Advanced hackers are typically motivated by financial or political goals.

Question 24

International threats are those that originate from inside the company or organization.

Question 25

Insiders are people who are current or former employees of a company, contractors, or friends of employees.

Question 26

All of the following are examples of social engineering except ______.

A) vishing
B) phishing
C) spam
D) impersonation

Question 27

Social engineering is any act that influences a person to take an action that may or may not be in his or her best interest.

Question 28

Identify and discuss the four tips for protecting private information that were provided by Edward Snowden. Can you think of any others? If so, which ones?

Question 29

Identify and explain international threats and the three main forms associated with those threats. Are there any recent examples of international threats that fall within the three forms?

Question 30

National threats originate from individuals inside the United States, aiming to attack local or national governments and infrastructures.

Question 31

Low probability that the criminals will get caught and convicted and public exposure are some of the reasons as to why so few victims report the crimes.

Question 32

Which of the following laws does not apply to hackers?

A) Hackers are evil people.
B) Security is not about security.
C) The greatest damages are caused by simple failures.
D) Most hackers use weak points to get access.

Question 33

Using two-factor identification is recommended for protecting private information, such as using a password and a fingerprint or other physical device.

Question 34

Hackers who are motivated by financial gains and who conduct both bad and ethical hacking are referred to as ______.

A) black hats
B) gray hats
C) white hats
D) green hats

Question 35

Explain displeasure with the government and why groups such as Anonymous launch cyberattacks. Why do they launch cyberattacks? Do you agree with the work of such hacktivist groups? Why or why not?

Question 36

Hackers with their abilities to research vulnerabilities in software products and disclose them to companies that developed the software are known as ______.

A) bad hackers
B) careless hackers
C) ethical hackers
D) friendly hackers

Question 37

Explain hackernomics and identify five laws that apply to hackers.

Question 38

Malicious insiders may delete or expose sensitive information by incident-either by pressing a wrong key or by other errors.

Question 39

Identify and discuss the three main types of insider threats.

Question 40

Some of the most common insider cybersecurity crimes are cyberbullying and cyberharassment.