Deck 29: Defending the Body: the Immune System

Question 1

Which part of the innate response can sometimes kill bacteria outright but mainly speeds up metabolism, improving the immune response?

A) histamine
B) macrophage attack
C) protective immunity
D) fever
E) fibrin

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Lymphocytes that become part of antibody-mediated immunity arm of the adaptive immune response develop in the:

A) bone marrow.
B) thymus.
C) intestine.
D) lymph nodes.
E) spleen.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The lymphocyte group that includes antibody-producing cells would be the:

A) macrophages.
B) mast cells.
C) dendritic cells.
D) T-cells.
E) B-cells.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Lymphocytes and other white blood cells are produced in the:

A) thymus gland.
B) lymph nodes.
C) bone marrow.
D) heart.

Question 5

The lymphocyte group that includes both CD4 receptor "helper" and CD8 receptor "killer" cells would be the:

A) macrophages.
B) mast cells.
C) dendritic cells.
D) T-cells.
E) B-cells.

Question 6

Signaling proteins that alert the immune system an infection is present and that sometimes directly fight pathogens are the:

A) complement proteins.
B) antibodies.
C) cytokines.
D) histamines.
E) antihistamines.

Question 7

Which cells in the immune system produce memory cells?

A) mast cells
B) lymphocytes
C) eosinophils
D) dendritic cells

Question 8

Which part of the immune system does not target specific microbial invaders?

A) antibodies
B) specific defense
C) antigens
D) innate response

Question 9

Which of the following would be best categorized as a phagocyte?

A) mast cell
B) lymphocyte
C) eosinophil
D) dendritic cell

Question 10

Histamine causes which of the following?

A) TLR production
B) increased permeability and dilation of blood vessels
C) antibody production
D) complement protein production
E) the anti-inflammatory response

Question 11

The response that targets specific (and only specific) pathogens is the:

A) phagocytosis response.
B) barrier to infection.
C) inflammatory response.
D) innate response.
E) adaptive immune response.

Question 12

Lymphocytes that become part of cell-mediated immunity arm of the adaptive immune response develop in the:

A) bone marrow.
B) thymus.
C) intestine.
D) lymph nodes.
E) spleen.

Question 13

Helpful bacteria that produce lactic acid would be a defense found in which part of the body?

A) female reproductive tract
B) stomach
C) skin
D) urinary tract
E) respiratory tract

Question 14

The skin serves as which type of defense against pathogens?

A) adaptive immunity
B) protective immunity
C) barrier to infection
D) innate response
E) complement

Question 15

Which part of the innate response cuts holes in the cell membranes of pathogens?

A) complement proteins
B) histamines
C) antibodies
D) cytokines
E) fibrin

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the place adaptive immunity occupies in the animal kingdom?

A) All animals except sponges have adaptive immunity.
B) Only vertebrates, echinoderms, and mollusks have adaptive immunity.
C) Only vertebrates have adaptive immunity.
D) Only mammals have adaptive immunity.
E) Only humans have adaptive immunity.

Question 17

In which type of response are Toll-Like Receptors (TLR's) important to pathogens?

A) protective immunity
B) adaptive immunity
C) barrier to infection
D) innate response
E) complement response

Question 18

Which of the following cells release histamine?

A) mast cells
B) lymphocytes
C) eosinophils
D) dendritic cells

Question 19

Any substance that can cause an immune response is a/an:

A) nonspecific defense.
B) microbe.
C) interferon.
D) antigen.
E) antibody.

Question 20

Lymphatic tissue closely associated with the bloodstream as well as lymphatic circulation is found in the:

A) tonsils.
B) spleen.
C) thymus.
D) bone marrow.
E) intestine.

Question 21

A plasma cell is a cell that has differentiated from a:

A) B cell.
B) mast cell.
C) T cell.
D) dendritic cell.

Question 22

Which of the following is not true of antibodies?

A) There are many different kinds of antibodies.
B) Antibodies are secreted by plasma cells.
C) Vaccines can stimulate production of antibodies.
D) T cells produce antibodies.
E) Antibodies bind to antigens.

Question 23

Place the following in proper sequence regarding activation of the cell-mediated response: (1) dendritic cell migrates to lymph node, (2) T cells divide rapidly, (3) dendritic cell ingests pathogen, (4) CD4 and CD8 cells dock with dendritic cell, (5) dendritic cell presents antigen on its surface.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 5, 3, 1, 2, 4
C) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
D) 4, 3, 1, 5, 2
E) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2

Question 24

Which of the following would best be defined in part as an immune system overreaction?

A) autoimmune disease
B) chronic disease
C) allergies
D) cell-mediated response
E) cytotoxic T cell action

Question 25

Once you have had a primary exposure to a specific antigen and encounter this antigen again, you will mount a rapid immune response due to:

A) memory cells.
B) antigen-presenting cells.
C) antibodies.
D) cytotoxic T cells.

Question 26

Why does producing a large "clone" of activated T cells also provide long-term immunity?

A) More cells are produced than necessary.
B) Some of the T cells can become B cells.
C) Some of the T cells become memory cells.
D) Leftover antibodies last a long time.
E) The cloned cells are stronger than the original cells.

Question 27

Clumping of antibodies and antigens is referred to as:

A) coagulation.
B) agglutination.
C) antigen presentation.
D) neutralization.

Question 28

What does it mean when we say a vaccine is based on an "attenuated" virus?

A) The vaccine is a live virus that has been heat-killed.
B) The vaccine is a live virus that has been chemically damaged.
C) The vaccine is a similar species to the virus that isn't harmful (e.g., cowpox for smallpox).
D) The vaccine isn't the virus at all, just similar-shaped chemicals.
E) The vaccine is based on a virus that has been rendered harmless by lab-induced mutation.

Question 29

Cells that help initiate the adaptive immune response by placing microbial antigens on their surfaces are generally referred to as:

A) helper T cells.
B) antigen-presenting cells.
C) B cells.
D) mast cells.
E) regulatory T cells.

Question 30

The virus HIV, which causes AIDS, infects:

A) mast cells.
B) B cells.
C) T cells.
D) phagocytes.

Question 31

CD4 and CD8 T cells are likely to become active when they:

A) interact with B-cells.
B) travel through the spleen.
C) travel through lymph nodes.
D) are attracted by the inflammatory response.
E) dock with a dendritic cell with a matching antigen.

Question 32

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease that affects women in far greater numbers than men?

A) type 1 diabetes
B) AIDS
C) allergies
D) lupus

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the role of regulatory T cells?

A) Regulatory T cells are a kind of helper T cell that stimulates B cells.
B) Regulatory T cells are a kind of helper T cell that stimulates cytotoxic T cells.
C) Regulatory T cells help limit the immune system response.
D) Regulatory T cells stabilize and support memory cells.
E) Regulatory T cells stimulate natural killer cells to attack tumors.

Question 34

Attaching an antibody to an antigen so that the antigen cannot attach to anything else is referred to as:

A) coagulation.
B) agglutination.
C) antigen presentation.
D) neutralization.

Question 35

Infected body cells can self-identify for destruction by the immune system by:

A) placing fragments of the infectious agent on their surfaces.
B) reshaping their membranes into a pattern that B cells recognize.
C) secreting hormones that stimulate macrophages.
D) releasing histamine.
E) becoming dendritic cells.

Question 36

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

A) AIDS
B) type 1 diabetes
C) allergies
D) anaphylactic shock

Question 37

What is the explanation for why B cells come in so many different types that can produce so many different antibodies?

A) The genome of B cells is much larger than other body cells.
B) B cells can recombine their genes with T cells.
C) B cells can recombine their genes with the pathogen.
D) B cells have gene fragments that can shuffle or recombine.

Question 38

AIDS has become a more manageable illness in developed countries in recent years due to:

A) vaccines.
B) changes in the viral genome.
C) medications that keep HIV from copying itself.
D) general resistance in the human population.
E) declining disease rates in most areas of the world.

Question 39

E) B cells can regulate shape to match the antigen.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 29.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Cells in the body that have been infected by a virus or bacteria are specifically killed by:

A) cytotoxic B cells.
B) mast cells.
C) dendritic cells.
D) regulatory T cells.
E) cytotoxic T cells.

Question 40

Which statement about the B cells' abilities to produce antibodies is most accurate?

A) B cells wait to encounter an antigen and then copy it.
B) There are no B cells until an antigen is encountered.
C) There may be 100 million different B-cells, each producing a different antibody.
D) Most B cells are capable of producing any kind of antibody.
E) B cells don't produce antibodies until they develop in the thymus.

Question 41

T cells develop in the thalamus.

Question 42

An antigen is any foreign substance that elicits an immune response.

Question 43

There are different Toll-Like Receptors for bacteria and viruses.

Question 44

Immune therapy research with potential to work in alleviating both organ rejection and autoimmune disease involves:

A) antibodies.
B) regulatory T cells.
C) vaccines.
D) cytotoxic T cell action.

Question 45

T cells are a type of lymphocyte.

Question 46

B cell receptors are specific to only one antigen.

Question 47

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells and regulatory T cells.

Question 48

Macrophages and dendritic cells can both be antigen presenting cells.

Question 49

B cells are the main cells of the cell-mediated pathway.

Question 50

Complement proteins are antibodies produced by skin cells.

Question 51

Lymph "glands" (nodes) swelling is a sign that an infection is present.

Question 52

What do many of the different kinds of allergies have in common?

A) They cause histamine release.
B) They result in high blood pressure.
C) They contribute to autoimmune disorders.
D) All allergens are living things.

Question 53

Why may a transplanted organ be rejected by the immune system?

A) The organ contains different blood antigens.
B) The immune system produces a severe allergic response.
C) The organ contains different T cells.
D) The organ contains different B cells.
E) The organ has non-self surface recognition molecules.

Question 54

The natural killer (NK) cell specializes in attacking bacteria.

Question 55

Antibodies may help phagocytes grab and ingest bacteria.

Question 56

Dendritic cells are the histamine-producing cells of the immune system.

Question 57

Helper T cells are also called CD4 cells due to the receptors found on their surfaces.

Question 58

Cytokines are molecules that cut holes in bacterial membranes.

Question 59

Phagocytes can ingest pathogens, cells, and cell parts in the body.

Question 60

Stomach acid is one of our natural defenses against bacteria in food.

Question 61

Between the hint in the name and what you learned in this section, speculate as to what an EpiPen^® contains.

Question 62

Explain the ways in which the two arms of the adaptive immune response are very effective yet different in their responses to pathogens. Be sure to compare and contrast their respective strengths and weaknesses.

Question 63

Match the following.

A) limit the immune response
B) facilitates adaptive response
C) B cell that makes antibodies
D) antigen-presenting cell
E) directly kills cells
Plasma cell

Question 64

The inflammatory response is caused by the chemical ________.

Question 65

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).
The figure above shows antibody-mediated immunity. The cells indicated by a "2" are:

A) bacterial cells.
B) cytotoxic T cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) memory cells.
E) plasma cells.

Question 66

Match the following.

A) limit the immune response
B) facilitates adaptive response
C) B cell that makes antibodies
D) antigen-presenting cell
E) directly kills cells
Regulatory T cell

Question 67

What is a phagocyte?

Question 68

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).
The figure above shows antibody-mediated immunity. The cells indicated by a "1" are:

A) bacterial cells.
B) cytotoxic T cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) memory cells.
E) plasma cells.

Question 69

Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).
You are walking in the park and see a few people crowded around a young lady who is lying on the grass. You notice a few wasps circling around some food on a nearby picnic table, and you ask what happened. One fellow says, "She was stung a minute ago and passed out right after saying something like, 'a penguin.'" You look and find an EpiPen^® in the bag clutched in her hand. Recalling your first aid training, you inject her in her thigh with the EpiPen^®. She quickly revives and lives happily ever after.
What happened to the young lady?

Question 70

Therapy involving Toll-Like Receptors may be useful in treating some autoimmune disorders and cancers.

Question 71

Inflammation is a type of ________ immune response.

Question 72

Even though they are different species, cowpox exposure can render immunity to smallpox. Compare the connections between this fact and the causes of autoimmune disorders.

Question 73

Cowpox inoculation worked as a somewhat effective vaccine against smallpox because its viral particles were similar enough in ________ to smallpox viral particles.

Question 74

Compare and contrast the benefits of histamine and histamine-producing cells with their potential risks to the health of the human body.

Question 75

Smallpox vaccines used today are heat-killed cowpox viruses.

Question 76

Antibodies are a part of our ________ immune response.

Question 77

AIDS is an autoimmune disease.

Question 78

Match the following.

A) limit the immune response
B) facilitates adaptive response
C) B cell that makes antibodies
D) antigen-presenting cell
E) directly kills cells
Cytotoxic T cell

Question 79

Match the following.

A) limit the immune response
B) facilitates adaptive response
C) B cell that makes antibodies
D) antigen-presenting cell
E) directly kills cells
Helper T cell

Question 80

Match the following.

A) limit the immune response
B) facilitates adaptive response
C) B cell that makes antibodies
D) antigen-presenting cell
E) directly kills cells
Dendritic cell