Deck 7: Learning Disabilities

Question 1

Prevalence estimates for learning disabilities are more variable than other disability categories due to

A) low numbers compared to other disabilities.
B) differing definitions of the term learning disabilities.
C) inability to select one characteristic to focus on.
D) homogeneity in those with learning disabilities.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Hyperactivity is typically thought of as

A) a general excess of activity.
B) uncontrollable muscle contractions.
C) a short attention span.
D) an inability to leave a given task.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Comorbidity research investigates the degree to which children and youth

A) exhibit evidence of multiple disabilities or conditions.
C) display the challenging characteristics of learning disabilities.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the area of reading, specific single method skill instruction may improve performance, but if the focus of instruction is too narrow the student may not

A) gain skills in word knowledge and word recognition.
B) generalize reading skills learned to other relevant areas.
C) use context clues to aid in word recognition.
D) learn to read.

Question 5

Learning disabilities

A) are an easily identified disorder.
B) are always mild.
C) consist of a homogeneous group of individuals.
D) have long been associated with controversy.

Question 6

Korbin has difficulty with visual discrimination. This means he may

A) be unable to discriminate between colors.
B) perceive letters as unrelated parts.
C) not distinguish between mit and mat.
D) need glasses.

Question 7

Mark has difficulty with reading comprehension. His teacher has determined that Mark often is confused about the central theme of the passage he has read, focusing instead on peripheral information. It is possible that Mark has a

A) short-term memory problem.
B) visual discrimination problem.
C) short attention span.
D) selective attention problem.

Question 8

Intelligence among individuals with learning disabilities is

A) always below average.
B) always above average.
C) generally of average or near-average.
D) not known.

Question 9

Declining numbers of students with learning disabilities may be due to which of the following reasons?

A) There is a shortage of qualified teachers for students with learning disabilities.
B) Learning disability classrooms are overcrowded.
C) Earlier and more effective intervention, especially in reading,.
D) Professionals feel that students with learning disabilities could be better served if identified with autism.

Question 10

Students with reading disabilities may experience difficulty when trying to

A) generalize letter patterns.
B) focus on important, rather than irrelevant, aspects of a task.
C) recognize words.
D) generalize letter patterns, focus on important, rather than irrelevant, aspects of a task, and recognize words.

Question 11

According to IDEA 2004, the term "learning disabilities" includes students who have learning problems resulting from

A) an organic impairment resulting in perceptual problems, thinking disorders, and emotional instability.
B) behavior problems with evidence of difficulties in language, memory, motor skills, and impulse control.
C) a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes in understanding or using language .
D) low socioeconomic status.

Question 12

The most common academic problems found among students who have specific learning disabilities is

A) handwriting.
B) social skill.
C) spelling.
D) reading.

Question 13

Difficulties that occur in handwriting of children who have learning disabilities may be attributed to

A) lack of developmental skills required to write.
B) reading level.
C) age level.
D) level of fine motor coordination.

Question 14

Seth has difficulty with kinesthetic information. This means he may have

A) a short attention span.
B) diminished cognitive abilities.
C) difficulty with hand and arm movements as he writes.
D) lowered intellectual aptitude.

Question 15

A learning disability can be determined by which of the following?

A) A severe discrepancy between a child's achievement and intellectual ability
B) The child's response to intervention
C) A child's brain imaging
D) A severe discrepancy between a child's achievement and intellectual ability and the child's response to intervention

Question 16

Learning disabilities can be considered because it includes such varied characteristics.

A) a useless term
B) an umbrella term
C) a stigmatizing label
D) an achievement label

Question 17

According to the text, determining the prevalence of learning disabilities is complicated because

A) there are differing definitions, theoretical perspectives, and assessment procedures used.
B) parents of children with learning problems resist the label of learning disabilities.
C) students with learning disabilities are served primarily in regular classrooms, and therefore they are not included in prevalence data.
D) it is difficult to distinguish between students with learning disabilities and students with intellectual disabilities.

Question 18

Neurological causes of brain damage and learning disabilities may include

A) phenotypic insult or trauma.
B) paternal age.
C) retinal dysplasia.
D) anoxia.

Question 19

Vivian has a problem with figure - ground discrimination. This means Vivian may have trouble reading because she

A) cannot see the words.
B) perceives letters as unrelated lines.
C) she sees numbers reversed.
D) she has difficulty distinguishing words from the rest of the page.

Question 20

Which of the following has NOT contributed to confusion associated with learning disabilities (LD)?

A) Previously, many children were mislabeled.
B) Learning disabilities involve many types of problems.
C) Individuals with LD exhibit complex needs and characteristics.
D) Advancing diagnostic technology has confused causation data.

Question 21

Mathematical interventions for students with learning disabilities

A) use a generalized focus or holistic treatment.
B) focus on the cause of neurological dysfunction.
C) are less useful for academic difficulties.
D) include teaching problem solving to increase achievement.

Question 22

The purpose of screening students suspected of having a learning problem is to determine

A) the proper placement for a child.
B) the nature of the learning problem.
C) whether investigation is necessary.
D) appropriate intervention strategies.

Question 23

All children with learning disabilities are hyperactive.

Question 24

For the most part, individuals with learning disabilities have average or near-average intelligence.

Question 25

To be successful, inclusive education requires commitment to collaboration among

A) administrators, special education teachers, and families.
B) parents and general teachers.
C) general teachers , special teachers and other team members.
D) school psychologists and special education teachers.

Question 26

Norm-referenced assessments

A) compare a student's performance to a specific criterion.
B) are designed to help in educational programming.
C) provide information on specific learning deficits.
D) compare an individual's performance to his or her peers.

Question 27

Teens who have learning disabilities have lower school completion rates and higher unemployment rates than nondisabled teens.

Question 28

Describe two reasons why the definitions of learning disabilities have been so varied.

Question 29

Criterion-referenced assessments are helpful

A) in comparing the student's abilities with peers.
B) for planning instructional programming.
C) for diagnosing categories of exceptionality.
D) in determining average class achievement.

Question 30

The authors emphasize that one of the strengths of behavior intervention is

A) The ease with which they can be used.
B) They can be applied to a wide variety of needs.
C) They work best with the most severe disabilities.
D) There is little training needed for effective use.

Question 31

List the role of screening in investigating if a child has a learning disability.

Question 32

Many of the difficulties that adolescents with learning disabilities experience disappear as they grow older.

Question 33

The term "learning disabilities" was virtually an unrecognized classification prior to the 1960s.

Question 34

The ultimate purpose of assessment in learning disabilities is to

A) determine the appropriate learning disability classification.
B) determine the appropriate funding level administratively.
C) eliminate other possible disability categories.
D) provide an appropriate intervention.

Question 35

A balanced RTI concept focuses on educational professionals collaborating with families of exceptional students to provide evidence-based instructional methodology support.

Question 36

Children with learning disabilities often have difficulties with foundational math skills.

Question 37

Curriculum-based assessment uses

A) standardized testing results.
B) student's curriculum objectives as the criteria by which progress is evaluated.
C) maturational delays to determine student areas for assessment.
D) student curriculum interests as a guide for instruction.

Question 38

Today, services related to learning disabilities represent the largest single program for exceptional children in the United States.

Question 39

Determining the precise cause of learning disabilities is difficult.

Question 40

Both norm-referenced and criterion-referenced assessments are useful in working with students with learning disabilities.

Question 41

Researchers question whether children with a learning disability commit handwriting errors more often than their nondisabled peers who are at the same

A) grade level.
B) reading level.
C) age level.
D) level of fine motor coordination.

Question 42

Describe the difference between formal and informal assessment.

Question 43

Some children with learning disabilities have slower development in areas of language skills, academic areas, or visual-motor skills. The difficulty is known as

A) hyperkentic behavior.
B) maturational delay.
C) genetic inheritance.
D) inappropriate school instruction.

Question 44

Discuss how information and communication technology may be used to academically support students with learning disabilities in the classroom.

Question 45

Describe the types of interventions for people with learning disabilities.

Question 46

A learning disability is a condition that includes

A) only academic problems.
B) only behavioral problems.
C) both academic and behavioral problems.
D) academic, behavioral, and psychological problems.

Question 47

The learning disability must be in one or more of the seven areas. These areas include:

A) oral expression.
B) listening comprehension.
C) mathematical reasoning.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 48

Response to intervention, as it is currently being used by teachers and investigated by researchers, refers to

A) the discrepancy between a student's ability and his or her rate of academic learning as measured on standardized tests.
B) how a student responds to instructional interventions that are scientifically (evidence) based.
C) the need for students to be included in the general education curriculum.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 49

An evidence-based method to determine the child's academic response to specific instruction is known as

A) response to intervention.
B) the severe discrepancy model.
C) a learning disability.
D) comorbidity.

Question 50

Environmental influences suggested as possible causes of learning disabilities include

A) dietary inadequacies.
B) excessive maternal stress.
C) inadequate lighting during neonatal development.
D) excessive neonatal stimulation.

Question 51

Response to intervention (RtI) is an alternative method to the discrepancy model to identify students as having a learning disability. Describe how both of these approaches are used in the identification of learning disabilities.

Question 52

Instructional/academic interventions are different for adolescents than those used with younger individuals. Discuss the key concerns of an effective instructional program for students entering adulthood.

Question 53

Identify three perceptional problems that are characteristic of children with learning disabilities.

Question 54

List three areas of difficulty associated with learning disabilities.

Question 55

Students with learning disabilities may be assessed using formal, informal, norm-referenced, or criterion-referenced means. Define these approaches and provide an example of each.