Deck 14: Physical Disabilities and Other Health Disorders

Question 1

Individuals with AIDS move through a series of stages. The second stage is the

A) stage in which the immune system declines.
B) stage in which antibodies are produced.
C) stage in which symptoms appear (weight loss, skin rashes, and so forth).
D) stage in which transmission occurs.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

For individuals with TBI, social and behavioral problems may

A) remain constant over time.
B) worsen over time.
C) have no impact on relationships.
D) lessen without treatment.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Many people with spina bifida occulta are unaware of its presence.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Health disorders cause individuals to have limited strength, energy, or alertness, due to chronic or acute health problems.

Question 5

Spinal cord injuries in the neck or upper back can result in paralysis or extensive effects.

Question 6

Individuals with cerebral palsy are likely to have mild to severe problems in non-motor areas of functioning, including

A) hearing impairments.
B) speech and language disorders.
C) general perceptual problems.
D) hearing impairments, speech and language disorders, and general perceptual problems.

Question 7

The prognosis for individuals with cystic fibrosis depends upon

A) early diagnosis.
B) quality of care after diagnosis.
C) comprehensive treatment.
D) early diagnosis, quality of care after diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment.

Question 8

Prevalence estimates for ADHD suggest that about percent of all school-aged children have the disorder.

A) 10-12
B) 7-9
C) 3-7
D) 1-3

Question 9

Individuals who have health disorders are also described as

A) medically fragile.
B) technology dependent.
C) having a low quality of life.
D) medically fragile and technology dependent.

Question 10

A brain disorder when the normal pattern of neuron activity is disturbed is known as

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) diabetes.
C) sickle-cell disease.
D) epilepsy.

Question 11

At birth physicians noticed Yara had a malformation of the spinal chord. Her legs are paralyzed, and she has difficulty with bowel and bladder control. It is likely that Yara has

A) cerebral palsy.
B) muscular dystrophy.
C) spina bifida.
D) cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and spina bifida.

Question 12

Luca was involved in a skiing accident that resulted in paralysis. This condition is called

A) spina bifida
B) cerebral palsy.
C) a spinal cord injury.
D) muscular dystrophy.

Question 13

The term orthopedic impairment is used in IDEA to cover students who have physical disorders.

Question 14

A chronic disorder that is a function of abnormal hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells is

A) sickle cell anemia.
B) leukemia.
C) juvenile diabetes.
D) cystic fibrosis.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of juvenile diabetes?

A) Many children outgrow diabetes by their young adult years.
B) Exercise should be avoided, as it exacerbates the condition.
C) With proper medical treatment, diabetics can eat foods previously prohibited.
D) Compared to adult diabetes, it is more severe and progresses more quickly.

Question 16

The term refers to a group of genetic diseases marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal, or voluntary, muscles, which control movement.

A) cerebral palsy
B) epilepsy
C) spina bifida
D) muscular dystrophy

Question 17

Individuals with CP are likely to have only mild or moderate problems in areas of functioning, perception, or cognition.

Question 18

Henrik describes experiencing an aura as unconsciousness, rigidity, and involuntary muscle contractions. These experiences are associated with

A) tonic/clonic seizures.
B) absence seizures.
C) psychomotor seizures.
D) mixed seizures.

Question 19

Cerebral palsy is

A) a neuromuscular disorder resulting from damage to the brain.
B) a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.
C) the failure of certain bones of the spinal column to fuse.
D) a disorder that is characterized by progressive weakening of the voluntary skeletal muscles.

Question 20

A mild condition in which a very small slit is present in one or several of the vertebral structures is

A) spina bifida occulta.
B) spina bifida meningocele.
C) spina bifida myelomeningocele.
D) spina bifida cystica.

Question 21

Amy has been diagnosed as having cerebral palsy. She experiences involuntary, uncontrolled movements. It is most likely that Amy has

A) athetoid.
B) spasticity.
C) spina bifida.
D) rigidity.

Question 22

Identify and discuss the major stages of medical treatment for children and youth with TBI.

Question 23

The major goal of treatment for a person with a spinal cord injury is

A) emotional stability.
B) achievement of independence to the maximum degree possible.
C) restoring the use of affected limbs.
D) vocational training.

Question 24

Describe the physical characteristics of individuals with traumatic brain injuries.

Question 25

A major goal of medical treatment for spinal cord injury is to

A) stabilize the spine.
B) manage acute swelling.
C) prevent further complications.
D) stabilize the spine, manage acute swelling, and prevent further complications.

Question 26

Discuss why some researchers advise caution in the use of medication for children who have ADHD.

Question 27

The treatment for muscular dystrophy involves

A) maintaining functioning.
B) keeping the individual ambulatory for as long as possible.
C) improving functioning.
D) maintaining functioning, keeping the individual ambulatory for as long as possible, and improving functioning.

Question 28

Describe the impact of the sickling of cells on body tissues.

Question 29

Describe some of the physical limitations associated with muscular dystrophy.

Question 30

Explain why cerebral palsy cannot be characterized by a set of homogeneous symptoms. How does this affect intervention planning for an individual with cerebral palsy?

Question 31

Describe the speech and language characteristics of individuals with traumatic brain injuries.

Question 32

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from rapid acceleration and deceleration of the brain, including tearing of nerve fibers, bruising of the brain tissue against the skull, brain stem injuries, and swelling.

Question 33

Children with cystic fibrosis may spend significant amounts of time out of school for therapy.

Question 34

Nearly one in twenty children in the US is affected by asthma.

Question 35

Describe the cognitive characteristics of individuals with traumatic brain injuries.

Question 36

ADHD is only a childhood condition and does not have a significant presence beyond early years.

Question 37

What is spina bifida myelomeningocele?

Question 38

Summarize and discuss briefly the four major problems evidenced by children and youth with traumatic brain injuries (TBI).

Question 39

What general steps should be taken to assist infants and children with AIDS?

Question 40

Absence seizures are characterized by

A) verbal outbursts.
B) brief periods of inattention.
C) irregular breathing.
D) increased physical activity.

Question 41

The trauma caused by the rapid acceleration or deceleration of the brain may cause

A) the tearing of important nerve fibers in the brain.
B) the bruising of the brain.
C) brain stem injuries.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Nearly one in ten children in the United States is affected by

A) seizure disorders (epilepsy).
B) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
C) asthma.
D) diabetes.

Question 43

Neuromotor problems associated with TBI include

A) poor hand-eye coordination.
B) impaired balance.
C) reduced stamina.
D) poor hand-eye coordination, impaired balance, and reduced stamina.

Question 44

The first stage of intervention for traumatic brain injury involves

A) orienting the child, and delivering appropriate psychological interventions.
B) treating swelling and bleeding, minimizing complications, and reducing the level of coma.
C) checking for age-appropriate skills and behaviors.
D) providing appropriate physical therapy.

Question 45

The cause of a seizure disorder includes

A) tumors of the brain.
B) complications of head trauma.
C) infections of the central nervous system.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

Educational interventions are directed at

A) improving students' general problem solving and planning behaviors.
B) developing social behaviors and improving initiative taking.
C) restoring or learning expressive and receptive language skills.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 47

A clear sign of a concussion is

A) reduced energy.
B) a severely elevated temperature.
C) a dilated pupil.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 48

Diabetes is a condition in which there is an

A) inadequate secretion of insulin.
B) excess of insulin.
C) abnormal decrease of glucose in the blood.
D) excess of glucose in liver and muscles.

Question 49

Arden has had a head injury that has set the stage for serious infections of the central nervous system. It is likely that Arden has a

A) concussion.
B) contusion.
C) skull fracture.
D) epidural hemorrhage.

Question 50

The single most preventative risk factor of TBI is

A) falls from a short distance.
B) firearms.
C) alcohol usage.
D) physical abuse.

Question 51

The collecting of blood between the covering of the brain and the brain itself is a(n)

A) concussion.
B) contusion.
C) epidural hematoma.
D) subdural hematoma.

Question 52

Educational interventions focus on

A) learning causation.
B) environmental changes (consistent, routines, schedules, etc.).
C) transition issues related to returning the child or youth to school settings.
D) environmental changes and transition issues related to returning the child or youth to school settings.

Question 53

A medical innovation that provides medical professionals with essential normative information about the extent of the TBI as compared to uninjured brains is

A) computerized tomography (CT) scans.
B) ultrasound.
C) X-ray.
D) barium imaging.

Question 54

Susan has been observed to have an inability to express her own thoughts and desires. It is possible that Susan has

A) processing disorder.
B) echolalia.
C) expressive aphasia.
D) receptive aphasia.

Question 55

For small children, the most common cause of TBI is

A) automobile accidents.
B) short falls.
C) shaking.
D) physical abuse.

Question 56

Children with ADHD may be described as

A) fidgety.
B) impulsive.
C) having a deficit in academic performance.
D) fidgety, impulsive, and having a deficit in academic performance.

Question 57

Generally, individuals with TBI will need services and supports in the following area(s):

A) cognition.
B) speech and language.
C) social and behavioral skills.
D) cognition, speech and language, and social and behavioral skills.

Question 58

Treatment for young people with cystic fibrosis should include

A) diet management.
B) management of respiratory disease.
C) counseling or psychiatric support.
D) diet management, management of respiratory disease, and counseling or psychiatric support.

Question 59

is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize internal structures of the body in detail.

A) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
B) Computerized tomography (CT)
C) Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)
D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 60

The signature injury of veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars is

A) cystic fibrosis.
B) HIV/AIDS.
C) epilepsy.
D) TBI.

Question 61

Girls with ADHD are more likely than boys to evidence problems in developing school-related academic or behavior skills.

Question 62

Treatment and control of absence seizures are generally achieved through behavior therapy.

Question 63

Juvenile diabetes is less severe than adult diabetes.

Question 64

is a neuroimaging analysis technique that allows investigation of specific areas of brain anatomy.

A) Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)
B) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
C) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D) Computerized tomography (CT)

Question 65

Identify three of the disabilities that may accompany cerebral palsy.