Question 1

Cultural factors that must be taken into account when prescribing include(s):&#10;A) Who the decision maker is in the family regarding health-care decisions&#10;B) The patient's view of health and illness&#10;C) Attitudes regarding the use of drugs to treat illness&#10;D) All of the above&#10;

Accepted Answer

All the options mentioned (A, B, and C) are cultural factors that can have an impact on prescribing decisions. It is important for healthcare providers to take into account patients' cultural beliefs, values, and preferences in order to provide culturally responsive care. This can lead to better communication, understanding, and adherence to treatment plans.

Question 2

The National Standards of Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services are required to be implemented in all:&#10;A) Hospitals&#10;B) Clinics that serve the poor&#10;C) Organizations that receive federal funds&#10;D) Clinics that serve ethnic minorities&#10;

Accepted Answer

The National Standards of Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services are required to be implemented in all organizations that receive federal funds, not just hospitals or clinics that serve specific populations.

Question 3

Hispanic native healers (curanderas):&#10;A) Are not heavily utilized by Hispanics who immigrate to the United States&#10;B) Use herbs and teas in their treatment of illness&#10;C) Provide unsafe advice to Hispanics and should not be trusted&#10;D) Need to be licensed in their home country in order to practice in the United States&#10;

Accepted Answer

Hispanic native healers, also known as curanderas, often use herbs and teas in their treatment of illness. While their practices may vary, they are respected members of the Hispanic community and often play an important role in providing healthcare services. It is important to note, however, that their services are not regulated or sanctioned by the government, so caution should be exercised before seeking their advice.

Question 4

According to the U.S. Office of Minority Health, poor health outcomes among African Americans are attributed to:&#10;A) The belief among African Americans that prayer is more powerful than drugs&#10;B) Poor compliance on the part of the African American patient&#10;C) The genetic predisposition for illness found among African Americans&#10;D) Discrimination, cultural barriers, and lack of access to health care&#10;

Accepted Answer

Poor health outcomes among African Americans are generally attributed to discrimination, cultural barriers, and lack of access to health care. While there may be some cultural beliefs or genetic predispositions that contribute, these factors alone do not fully explain the disparities seen in health outcomes for African Americans. Poor compliance by patients may be a contributing factor, but it is not the primary cause of the health disparities.

Question 5

According to the National Standards of Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services, an interpreter for health care:&#10;A) May be a bilingual family member&#10;B) May be a bilingual nurse or other health-care provider&#10;C) Must be a professionally trained medical interpreter&#10;D) Must be an employee of the organization&#10;

Accepted Answer

The National Standards of Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services require that an interpreter for health care must be a professionally trained medical interpreter. This ensures that they have the necessary language and cultural competence to accurately interpret medical information and prevent misunderstandings or errors in medical settings. Bilingual family members or health-care providers may not have the same level of training or understanding of medical terminology and procedures. Being an employee of the organization is not a requirement, as long as the interpreter meets the standards for training and qualifications.

Question 6

Asians from Eastern Asia are known to be fast acetylators. Fast acetylators:&#10;A) Require acetylization in order to metabolize drugs&#10;B) Are unable to tolerate higher doses of some drugs that require acetylization&#10;C) May have a toxic reaction to drugs that require acetylization&#10;D) Require higher doses of drugs metabolized by acetylization to achieve efficacy&#10;

Accepted Answer

Fast acetylators have an increased ability to metabolize drugs that require acetylation. This means that they may require higher doses of drugs metabolized by acetylation in order to achieve efficacy.

Question 7

Pharmacokinetics among Asians are universal to all the Asian ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetics, which refers to how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body, can vary among individuals and populations based on factors such as genetics, age, sex, and lifestyle factors. Therefore, pharmacokinetics can vary among different Asian ethnic groups just as it can vary among other populations.

Question 8

Alterations in drug metabolism among Asians may lead to:&#10;A) Slower metabolism of antidepressants, requiring lower doses&#10;B) Faster metabolism of neuroleptics, requiring higher doses&#10;C) Altered metabolism of omeprazole, requiring higher doses&#10;D) Slower metabolism of alcohol, requiring higher doses&#10;

Accepted Answer

Genetic differences in drug metabolism among Asians may cause slower drug metabolism, which means drugs may remain in the body for a longer period of time. This results in the need for lower doses of medications like antidepressants to avoid side effects.

Question 9

The racial difference in drug pharmacokinetics seen in American Indian or Alaskan Natives are:&#10;A) Increased CYP 2D6 activity, leading to rapid metabolism of some drugs&#10;B) Largely unknown due to lack of studies of this population&#10;C) Rapid metabolism of alcohol, leading to increased tolerance&#10;D) Decreased elimination of opioids, leading to increased risk for addiction&#10;

Accepted Answer

The racial difference in drug pharmacokinetics seen in American Indian or Alaskan Natives are largely unknown due to the lack of studies of this population. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Options A, C and D are not correct as they do not pertain to the pharmacokinetic differences seen in this population.

Question 10

Ethnic differences have been found in drug:&#10;A) Absorption&#10;B) Hepatic metabolism&#10;C) Filtration at the glomerulus&#10;D) Passive tubular reabsorption&#10;

Accepted Answer

Hepatic metabolism, or the way drugs are processed by the liver, can differ between ethnic groups due to genetic variations in the enzymes involved in drug metabolism. This can lead to differences in drug efficacy and toxicity. Absorption, filtration at the glomerulus, and passive tubular reabsorption are less likely to be influenced by ethnicity.

Deck 7: Cultural and Ethnic Influences in Pharmacotherapeutics