Deck 12: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

An example of proprioception is

A) the contraction of the triceps brachii.
B) the contraction of pharyngeal arch muscles used in chewing.
C) sensing a feather touch the skin.
D) the sensation you feel during a wake-up stretch.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of these is not a function of the nervous system?

A) sensory input
B) motor innervation to muscles or glands
C) integration of motor and sensory information
D) secreting hormones into the bloodstream to affect far-away organs

Answer 2

D

Question 3

This region of the neuron contains a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The peripheral nerve fibers that measure the degree of stretch in the biceps brachii muscle and its tendons are classified as

A) general somatic sensory.
B) general somatic motor.
C) special visceral sensory.
D) general visceral motor.

Question 5

A somatic motor neuron carries

A) information that signals muscle contraction in the organs in the ventral cavity.
B) information, such as pain, from the viscera in the ventral cavity to the CNS.
C) motor commands to the skeletal musculature.
D) information from the skin to the CNS.

Question 6

This region of a neuron contains chromatophilic substance or Nissl bodies.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 7

Neurofibrils

A) form synapses with axons of postsynaptic neurons.
B) help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
C) prevent the neuron from being pulled apart when subjected to tensile forces.
D) receive incoming stimuli and pass the signal toward the cell body.

Question 8

Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Axodendritic synapses occur between letter "E" on the diagram and this region on a proximal neuron.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron from which the axon leaves the cell body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the basic divisions of the nervous system?

A) The nerves in our arms and legs are part of the central nervous system.
B) The brain and spinal cord are part of the peripheral nervous system.
C) The central nervous system is in charge of integrating incoming sensory information with past experiences and dictating motor responses.
D) The central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

Question 11

Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Of the following, which is the only structure that is in the PNS, as opposed to the CNS?

A) a tract
B) white matter
C) a ganglion
D) gray matter

Question 13

The peripheral nerve fibers that speed up the movement of the digestive tract are classified as

A) general visceral sensory (afferent).
B) special visceral sensory.
C) general visceral motor (efferent).
D) special somatic motor.

Question 14

This region of a neuron is characterized by numerous, short cytoplasmic extensions and is often referred to as receiving regions.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 15

Ganglia represent

A) groups of axons in the PNS.
B) groups of dendrites in the CNS.
C) groups of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
D) groups of synapses in the CNS.

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered a special somatic sense?

A) smell
B) taste
C) pain
D) equilibrium

Question 17

Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the gaps between Schwann cells that are known as myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier).

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

A nerve cell is the same as a

A) nerve.
B) nerve fiber.
C) neurilemmocyte.
D) neuron.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons?

A) longevity
B) inability to divide
C) high metabolic rate
D) ability to survive without oxygen

Question 20

Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

In an axodendritic synapse, the region of the postsynaptic neuron that binds the released neurotransmitter is the

A) synapse.
B) axon terminal.
C) axon.
D) cell body.
E) dendrite.

Question 22

This part of the neuron may have branching collaterals.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 23

Which of the following statements concerning sensory neurons is incorrect?

A) Most are pseudounipolar.
B) Most have their cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS.
C) They have peripheral and central processes.
D) They contain only dendrites.

Question 24

Mitochondria are particularly abundant here.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 25

This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 26

The majority of neurons in the body are

A) multipolar.
B) bipolar.
C) unipolar.
D) pseudounipolar.

Question 27

Most synapses transmit communicating signals using

A) chemical signaling molecules-neurotransmitters.
B) electrical impulses travelling through gap junctions.
C) physical contact between adjacent neurons.
D) chemical signaling molecules released from neuroglia.

Question 28

In this part of a neuron, neurofilaments, actin microfilaments, and microtubules are particularly abundant, providing structural support and a transport network.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 29

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is false?

A) They alter the charge of the postsynaptic neuron membrane.
B) They are waves of positive charges that travel down axons.
C) They are released from synaptic vesicles.
D) They diffuse across the synaptic cleft.

Question 30

Action potentials travel along the

A) axon membrane.
B) dendrite membrane.
C) cell body.
D) myelin.

Question 31

This is the site of communication between neurons.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 32

The chemical substance that is released at axon terminals is called a

A) hormone.
B) neurotransmitter.
C) synaptic vesicle.
D) Nissl body.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about an axon is false?

A) It is also referred to as a nerve fiber.
B) It has branches.
C) It carries nerve impulses toward the cell body.
D) It has a uniform diameter.

Question 34

All of the following are characteristics of dendrites except that they

A) are more extensive branching than axons.
B) always conduct action potentials.
C) conduct signals toward the cell body.
D) typically occur as more than one per cell.

Question 35

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located in

A) a synaptic cleft.
B) axon terminals.
C) the postsynaptic region of dendrites.
D) the nodes of Ranvier.

Question 36

The ________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 37

An axosomatic synapse occurs between the axon terminals of one neuron and the ________ of a proximal neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 38

This neuronal region transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 39

Which relatively rare type of neuron has two processes extending from opposite sides of the cell body?

A) bipolar
B) multipolar
C) pseudounipolar
D) unipolar

Question 40

Which of the following is the correct path an impulse takes across a synapse?

A) axon of postsynaptic neuron, dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft
B) dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, axon of postsynaptic neuron
C) axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron
D) synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron, axon of presynaptic neuron

Question 41

Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents cells that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 42

These glial cells arise from embryonic white blood cells.

A) ependymal cells
B) microglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) satellite cells

Question 43

These glial cells surround the cell bodies of sensory neurons within ganglia of the PNS.

A) astrocytes
B) microglia
C) satellite cells
D) Schwann cells

Question 44

The type of axon that conducts impulses most slowly is

A) thick, myelinated.
B) thick, unmyelinated.
C) thin, myelinated.
D) thin, unmyelinated.

Question 45

Myelin on axons functions to

A) make the axons live longer.
B) store nutrients (fat) for use by the neurons.
C) cover nodes of Ranvier.
D) speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another.

Question 46

Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which letter represents an oligodendrocyte.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 47

Gray matter in the CNS contains all of the following except

A) neuron cell bodies.
B) neuroglia.
C) dendrites.
D) fiber tracts.

Question 48

Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents a microglial cell.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 49

Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 50

Interneurons are found

A) only in the visceral nervous system.
B) only in the CNS.
C) only in the PNS.
D) only in the autonomic nervous system.

Question 51

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the CNS?

A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) microglial cells
D) oligodendrocyctes

Question 52

Ciliated neuroglial cells that form an epithelium and play an active role in forming and moving cerebrospinal fluid are

A) ependymal cells.
B) Schwann cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) astrocytes.

Question 53

A node of Ranvier (myelin sheath gap)

A) occurs only in ganglia.
B) is one segment of the myelin sheath.
C) occurs in the PNS but not in the CNS.
D) is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only.

Question 54

Nonmyelinated axons

A) are thicker than myelinated axons.
B) are not associated with any Schwann cells.
C) conduct impulses more slowly than myelinated axons.
D) occur in the PNS, but not in the CNS.

Question 55

The difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons in the PNS is that

A) Schwann cells are not associated with unmyelinated axons.
B) Schwann cells form more widely spaced nodes of Ranvier in unmyelinated axons.
C) Schwann cells simultaneously surround multiple axons in myelinated axons.
D) Schwann cells wrap around myelinated axons in concentric layers.

Question 56

Most tumors in the brain originate from glial cells, but not neurons. What characteristic of glial cells make them the most likely source of tumors in the brain?

A) Glial cells are able to divide, while neurons are not.
B) Glial cells naturally release a tumor-promoting factor.
C) Glial cells carry a neuronal signal, making them vulnerable to abnormal replication.
D) Glial cells are easily damaged by the electrical signal carried on the neurons.

Question 57

Astrocytes perform all of the following functions except

A) regulating levels of neurotransmitters around the neurons
B) controlling ion levels in the environment around neurons
C) help with synapse formation in the developing nervous system
D) produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 58

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the PNS?

A) astrocytes
B) microglial cells
C) Schwann cells
D) oligodendrocytes

Question 59

Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which letter represents the most abundant category of glial cells in the CNS.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 60

Which cells are the macrophages of the CNS?

A) ependymal cells
B) microglial cells
C) satellite cells
D) Schwann cells

Question 61

Interneurons

A) carry incoming information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
B) carry outgoing motor information to effectors in the PNS.
C) sense information from the stimulus in the periphery
D) take in sensory information, direct it to specific CNS locations, and initiate the appropriate response

Question 62

The somatic motor subdivision of the peripheral nervous system is considered to be an involuntary nervous system.

Question 63

A man walking barefoot stepped on a piece of glass. His foot jerked upward in which type of reflex?

A) somatic, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex
B) visceral, monosynaptic stretch reflex
C) somatic, monosynaptic withdrawal reflex
D) visceral, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex

Question 64

In MS, the immune system attacks and breaks down the myelin sheath surrounding CNS axons. What could be a consequence of this?

A) Conduction along the axon would be disrupted, interfering with the function of the neuron.
B) Conduction would be faster along the neuron without the myelin.
C) The neuron would not be able to generate a new action potential.
D) There would be no consequence, as myelin is not important to the function of the neuron.

Question 65

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of a reflex arc?

A) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
B) integration center, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector
C) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor
D) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, effector, sensory neuron

Question 66

Motor neurons arise primarily from the

A) alar plate.
B) basal plate.
C) ependyma.
D) neural crest.

Question 67

Regeneration of peripheral axons requires

A) construction of a collateral that branches from the point of damage.
B) deposition of neurofilaments to bridge the gap between the original axon fragments.
C) formation of a tube by Schwann cells to guide growth.
D) migration of neural stem cells from the hippocampus.

Question 68

When the doctor uses a reflex hammer on your patellar ligament and you experience a "knee jerk" this is an example of a

A) polysynaptic withdrawal reflex
B) monosynaptic stretch reflex
C) monosynaptic withdrawal reflex
D) polysynaptic stretch reflex

Question 69

The entire nerve is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheath called the

A) endoneurium.
B) perineurium.
C) ectoneurium.
D) epineurium.

Question 70

A monosynaptic reflex arc is an example of

A) a converging circuit.
B) parallel processing.
C) a reverberating circuit.
D) serial processing.

Question 71

Special somatic senses have receptors that are located mostly in the head, including hearing and balance and vision.

Question 72

The covering of a fascicle within a nerve is the

A) endoneurium.
B) perineurium.
C) ectoneurium.
D) epineurium.

Question 73

General visceral sensory impulses include pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger.

Question 74

Which term is correctly matched with its definition?

A) neuron - collection of axons in the PNS
B) nerve fiber - a long axon
C) nerve - a nerve cell
D) neuron - a long axon

Question 75

Which of the following most immediately encases the smallest component of a nerve?

A) endoneurium
B) epineurium
C) fascicle
D) perineurium

Question 76

During embryo development, neurons that make "bad" connections

A) are inhibited by chemicals released from astrocytes.
B) are turned off by inhibitory synapses in reverberating circuits.
C) develop collaterals that seek out appropriate target cells.
D) die by apoptosis.

Question 77

Sensory neurons arise primarily from the

A) neural crest.
B) alar plate.
C) basal plate.
D) neural tube.

Question 78

An axon collateral from one neuron that circles back and synapses with a previous neuron describes

A) a converging circuit.
B) parallel processing.
C) a reverberating circuit.
D) serial processing.

Question 79

White matter represents

A) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the brain.
B) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord.
C) myelinated axons traveling together in the CNS.
D) dendrites traveling together in the ANS.

Question 80

In the spinal cord, the cell bodies of most interneurons lie in

A) sensory ganglia.
B) the PNS.
C) the dorsal half of the gray matter.
D) the ventral half of the white matter.