Deck 9: Joints

Question 1

A joint capsule (articular capsule) has two layers. The function of the capsule's internal layer is to

A) strengthen the joint against tension.
B) produce synovial fluid.
C) contain all of the nerves and blood vessels of the joint.
D) act as a meniscus.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the layer of the articular capsule that is the most highly vascularized?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

E

Question 3

An example of an amphiarthrotic cartilaginous joint is the

A) epiphyseal plate.
B) pubic symphysis.
C) knee joint.
D) sternocostal joint.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In syndesmoses, bones are connected exclusively by

A) hyaline cartilage.
B) ligaments.
C) tendons.
D) fibrocartilage.

Question 5

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the joint/articular cavity that contains a small amount of synovial fluid?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

In pronation,

A) abduction
B) adduction
C) extension
D) flexion

Question 7

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the joint that is made more stable by the glenoid labrum?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

An example of a diarthrotic synchondrosis

A) is the epiphyseal plate.
B) is the intertarsal joint.
C) is the knee.
D) does not exist.

Question 9

Characteristics of a symphysis include

A) the presence of fibrocartilage
B) intracapsular ligaments
C) an articular capsule
D) an interosseous membrane

Question 10

Which of these is not characteristic of a synchondrosis?

A) absence of a joint cavity
B) bone ends attached by collagen
C) composed of hyaline cartilage
D) not highly movable

Question 11

What type of excessive motion do anterior ligaments resist?

A) abduction
B) adduction
C) extension
D) flexion

Question 12

A joint between a tooth and its socket is

A) a suture.
B) a gomphosis.
C) an ankylosis.
D) a synostosis.

Question 13

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates an articulating surface that is comprised of hyaline cartilage?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a ligament that is external to the joint capsule?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

An example of a synarthrotic fibrous joint is the

A) sagittal suture.
B) interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna.
C) pubic symphysis.
D) intervertebral discs.

Question 16

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a synovial, diarthrotic, hinge type of joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Cartilaginous joints

A) allow free movement.
B) allow movement in only one plane as a hinge.
C) are seen in sutural lines.
D) include symphyses.

Question 18

When the fibrous tissue of sutures ossifies, the resulting joint is called a

A) symphysis.
B) synchondrosis.
C) syndesmosis.
D) synostosis.

Question 19

A pre-adolescent has more joints than an adult because of these immovable cartilaginous joints.

A) sutures
B) epiphyseal plates
C) synovial joints
D) gomphoses

Question 20

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the fibrous layer of the articular capsule of this synovial joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

The only category of articulations with a joint cavity is a

A) fibrous joint.
B) cartilaginous joint.
C) synovial joint.
D) synostosis.

Question 22

Pulling your shoulders back, or squaring them, involves which motion of the scapula?

A) abduction
B) pronation
C) retraction
D) opposition

Question 23

An example of a multiaxial joint is

A) the proximal radioulnar joint.
B) an intervertebral joint, between the articular processes.
C) the hip.
D) the pubic symphysis.

Question 24

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the diarthrotic knuckle (metacarpophalangeal) joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 25

Expansion of the rib cage during inhalation is possible because the costovertebral joints are

A) amphiarthrotic.
B) biaxial.
C) synchondroses.
D) synovial.

Question 26

An example of a pivot joint is the

A) atlantoaxial joint.
B) distal tibiofibular joint.
C) sagittal suture.
D) suture.

Question 27

The outer layer of the articular capsule in a synovial joint consists of ________ connective tissue.

A) loose areolar
B) dense irregular
C) dense regular
D) elastic

Question 28

Which of these statements about menisci is false?

A) They contain fibrocartilage.
B) They are found in all synovial joints.
C) They can divide the joint cavity.
D) They can allow two movements at a single joint.

Question 29

Which of the following movements is not possible at the condyloid metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2-5?

A) flexion
B) circumduction
C) adduction
D) rotation

Question 30

All of the following can be performed at the wrist except

A) flexion and extension of the hand.
B) circumduction of the hand.
C) rotation of the hand.
D) abduction and adduction of the hand.

Question 31

The lateral movement of the arms away from the body is called

A) abduction.
B) adduction.
C) flexion.
D) extension.

Question 32

Synovial fluid is

A) identical to blood plasma.
B) an extract from the bone marrow.
C) a filtrate of the blood, with added glycoproteins.
D) fluid from edema.

Question 33

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a synovial, diarthrotic, saddle type of joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 34

A bursa differs from the synovial cavity of a joint in that it

A) contains no synovial fluid.
B) is not involved in lubrication.
C) has no synovial membrane.
D) need not be attached to any bone.

Question 35

Tendon sheaths

A) surround all tendons.
B) contain articular cartilages.
C) differ from bursae in that they are not lubricating in function.
D) wrap the tendons that are crowded in the carpal tunnel.

Question 36

The main function of synovial fluid is

A) cooling.
B) nourishing bone.
C) removing metabolic wastes.
D) lubrication.

Question 37

Biaxial joints cannot

A) abduct.
B) adduct.
C) flex.
D) rotate.

Question 38

Synovial joint cavities are the only important exceptions to the rule that cavities in the body are always lined with epithelia. The synovial membrane consists of

A) loose areolar connective tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) nervous tissue.
D) dense irregular connective tissue.

Question 39

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the distal articulation between the radius and ulna?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 40

An example of a saddle-shaped synovial joint is the

A) radioulnar joint.
B) temporomandibular joint.
C) carpometacarpal of digit 1.
D) glenohumeral joint.

Question 41

Which of these joints is a hinge joint, primarily involved in articulation with the ulna rather than the radius?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

Question 42

Which of these joints incorporates two bones, the first costal cartilage, and an articular disc?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

Question 43

Capsular ligaments

A) are covered by synovial membrane.
B) are located outside the joint capsule.
C) are thickened parts of the joint capsule itself.
D) separate the synovial cavity into compartments.

Question 44

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a cartilaginous, amphiarthrotic, symphysis type of joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 45

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the proximal articulation between the tibia and fibula and is a diarthrotic plane joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 46

What movement occurs when one moves the foot from the anatomical position to point the toes laterally, with the foot flat on the floor?

A) eversion
B) lateral rotation
C) inversion
D) plantar flexion

Question 47

The largest ball-and-socket joint in the body is the

A) hip.
B) shoulder.
C) knee.
D) interphalangeal joint.

Question 48

Which of these joints is one of the most freely moving joints of the body, but requires the stability provided by the rotator cuff muscles to keep it in place?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

Question 49

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates an articulation that, in addition to the pubic symphysis, becomes slightly amphiarthrotic during pregnancy?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 50

Which of these joints utilizes the acetabulum?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

Question 51

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter on the diagram indicates a modified hinge joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 52

Which of these joints is stabilized by glenohumeral ligaments?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

Question 53

In abduction of the fingers, the fifth finger moves medially, and the second finger moves

A) anteriorly.
B) laterally.
C) medially.
D) by flexing toward the palm.

Question 54

By plantar flexing your feet at the ankle joints, you will

A) stand on your toes.
B) stand back on your heels.
C) stand on the medial margins of your feet.
D) turn your big toes laterally.

Question 55

By hyperextending a thigh at the hip joint, you could

A) hit your chin with your knee.
B) perform the same movement as circumduction.
C) squeeze both thighs together.
D) bring your knee and leg to a position posterior to the thorax.

Question 56

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates an example of an interphalangeal joint?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 57

Trauma at which of these joints is more likely to result in a bone fracture than a dislocation?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

Question 58

Which of these joints is stabilized by an iliofemoral ligament, a pubofemoral ligament, and an ischiofemoral ligament?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

Question 59

Articular discs are found in all of the following joints except the

A) sternoclavicular.
B) temporomandibular.
C) tibiofemoral.
D) vertebrocostal.

Question 60

Articular cartilages are found both in symphyses and in

A) sutures.
B) synovial joints.
C) synchondroses.
D) syndesmoses.

Question 61

The condition in which the synovial cavity becomes inflamed is called

A) chondromalacia.
B) ankylosing spondylitis.
C) arthroplasty.
D) synovitis.

Question 62

One type of cartilage, fibrocartilage, characterizes all cartilaginous joints.

Question 63

Synarthroses are freely movable joints.

Question 64

A condition that commonly leads to neck pain, ear problems, and pain when opening the mouth is

A) osteoarthritis.
B) temporomandibular disorder.
C) sutural disorders.
D) gout.

Question 65

Intracapsular ligaments, such as the cruciate ligaments, are covered with a synovial membrane.

Question 66

Besides helping to "lock" the knee, the posterior cruciate ligament

A) prevents posterior sliding of the tibia when the leg is flexed at the knee.
B) holds the patella to the tibia.
C) prevents all medial rotation on the femoral condyles.
D) breaks more frequently than the anterior cruciate ligament.

Question 67

Gliding movements occur between all these joints except

A) adjacent carpals.
B) adjacent phalanges.
C) articular processes of vertebrae.
D) temporomandibular joints.

Question 68

Of the joints listed below, the only joint with a relatively shallow or flat articular surface is the

A) ankle joint.
B) hip joint.
C) shoulder joint.
D) elbow joint.

Question 69

A chronic disorder of joints in which the articular cartilages degenerate and bony spurs form is

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) gout.
D) Lyme disease.

Question 70

Student's elbow is an example of

A) tendonitis.
B) bursitis.
C) osteoarthritis.
D) gout.

Question 71

What structures are most important in keeping the knee from moving medially to laterally?

A) the collateral ligaments
B) the menisci
C) the patellar ligament
D) the oblique popliteal ligaments

Question 72

Based on the definition of luxation, a subluxation must be

A) a mild case of Lyme disease.
B) rheumatoid arthritis on one side of the body only.
C) reduction of a joint.
D) a partially dislocated joint.

Question 73

Which structure(s) directly secures the humerus to the glenoid cavity?

A) the rotator cuff
B) the glenohumeral ligaments
C) the coracohumeral ligament
D) the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 74

All of these stabilizing structures provide structural support to the hip joint except the

A) iliofemoral ligament.
B) ischiofemoral ligament.
C) pubofemoral ligament.
D) ligament of the head of the femur.

Question 75

Amphiarthroses are more movable than diarthroses.

Question 76

The main movements occurring at the ankle joint are

A) plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.
B) inversion and eversion.
C) abduction and adduction.
D) supination and pronation.

Question 77

As an essential stage in the locking mechanism of the knee,

A) both cruciate and collateral ligaments tighten.
B) the popliteal muscle contracts.
C) the fibula is pulled out of the way.
D) the femur rotates laterally on the tibial condyles.

Question 78

The term synovial joint contains the root word ov, referring to ovum, or egg, because the synovial fluid is viscous like the white of the egg.

Question 79

The interosseous membrane is a type of syndesmosis.

Question 80

Which of these joints is stabilized with an anular ligament?

A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint