Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

A localized deposit of melanin in the epidermis is called a mole or a

A) pimple.
B) freckle.
C) blister.
D) boil.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The epidermis is a keratinized ________ epithelium.

A) compound columnar
B) stratified squamous
C) simple squamous
D) simple areolar

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a sensory receptor?

A) keratinocyte
B) melanocyte
C) dendritic cell
D) Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Diffusion of chemicals from a transdermal patch must reach what layer of the skin to be effective?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 5

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

A(n) ________ responds to the movement of a single hair.

A) arrector pili muscle
B) hair matrix
C) hair papilla
D) root hair plexus

Question 7

The only cell type found superficial to the stratum spinosum in the epidermis is the

A) keratinocyte.
B) melanocyte.
C) dendritic cell.
D) tactile epithelial cell.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a current hypothesis proposed for the evolution of skin color?

A) preventing damage to DNA
B) preventing damage to elastin
C) protecting the level of folic acid
D) protecting the level of vitamin D

Question 9

Which primary layer of the skin provides a pink undertone to Caucasian skin?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 10

A sebaceous gland is classified as a ________ gland.

A) compound tubular
B) simple tubular
C) simple alveolar
D) compound alveolar

Question 11

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the integument layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous cells?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Which primary layer of the skin contains lamellated granules that aid in waterproofing?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 13

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the integument layer that corresponds to leather hides from an animal?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Which primary layer of the skin contains melanocytes?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 15

Which layer of the integument contains the stratum basale?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 16

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the integument layer that has no vascularization?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Which connective tissue layer is discussed in the chapter on the integumentary system but is truly not a part of it?

A) dermal papilla
B) hair
C) nail
D) hypodermis

Question 18

Which tissue layer deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 19

When doctors make incisions on the body based on the lines of cleavage of the skin, these cleavage lines are based on the arrangement of collagen fibers in which layer of the skin?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 20

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a specialized sensory receptor?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Visible stretch marks on the skin surface are actually the result of microscopic tears in collagen fibers in which layer?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 22

Which connective tissue layer s found deep to the dermis?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 23

Light-skinned people have less melanin in the superficial layers of their epidermis because

A) they are exposed to less UV radiation.
B) they have fewer melanocytes.
C) keratinocytes in their deeper layers rapidly digest melanin.
D) their melanocytes produce a pinkish color melanin instead of brown.

Question 24

In the thick skin of the palm, the layer of the epidermis directly deep to the stratum corneum is the stratum

A) granulosum.
B) basale.
C) lucidum.
D) spinosum.

Question 25

Which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum spinosum

Question 26

Which epidermal cells are part of the immune system?

A) melanocytes
B) keratinocytes
C) dendritic cells
D) tactile epithelial cells

Question 27

The papillary layer of the dermis consists of ________ connective tissue

A) dense regular
B) dense irregular
C) reticular
D) areolar
E) adipose

Question 28

In addition to nourishing the epidermal cells, the dermal blood vessels function in

A) thermoregulation.
B) protection.
C) sensory reception.
D) Vitamin D production.

Question 29

The subpapillary plexus

A) nourishes the dermal papillae and epidermis.
B) nourishes the hypodermis and reticular layer of the dermis.
C) provides the sensation of fine touch.
D) provides the sensation of deep pressure.

Question 30

The thickness of skin is determined by the presence of the stratum lucidum and the thickness of the

A) papillary layer of the dermis.
B) reticular layer of the dermis.
C) stratum basale.
D) stratum corneum.

Question 31

"Goose bumps" on the skin are due to action of the

A) arrector pili muscles.
B) sweat glands.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) flexion creases.

Question 32

The coarse hairs in the skin of the perineum and axillary regions are all ________ hairs.

A) pubic
B) apocrine
C) terminal
D) vellus

Question 33

If you were to have liposuction, you would have tissue removed from which layer?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 34

When a blister forms due to friction, liquid pools between the epidermis and what other layer of the integument?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 35

Which is the most abundant and widespread type of sweat gland?

A) eccrine
B) apocrine
C) holocrine
D) endocrine

Question 36

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of ________ connective tissue.

A) reticular
B) stratified squamous
C) dense regular
D) dense irregular

Question 37

The color of red or blonde hair is due to

A) carotene.
B) oxygenated hemoglobin.
C) porphyrins.
D) a different type of melanin.

Question 38

Identify the layer of the skin that contains most of the sensory receptors.

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 39

The integumentary structures that are derived from mesoderm and function in thermoregulation are

A) nails.
B) hair.
C) sebaceous glands.
D) arrector pili muscles.

Question 40

________ sweat glands begin to function at puberty and are involved in sexual signaling.

A) apocrine.
B) eccrine.
C) sebaceous.
D) holocrine.

Question 41

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a layer of cells that are derived from the epidermis?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 42

Which layer of the skin invaginates downward to form sebum-producing glands?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 43

Which layer of the integument are toenails and fingernails derived from?

A) dermis
B) hypodermis
C) epidermis

Question 44

Since apocrine glands are almost inactive until puberty, they may function primarily in

A) cooling the body.
B) sexual signalling, under the influence of androgens.
C) keeping hair from falling out.
D) strengthening melanin in the skin.

Question 45

The white half-moon visible under the proximal part of a fingernail is the

A) matrix.
B) bed.
C) lunule.
D) cuticle.

Question 46

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the portion of the hair root that contains a single capillary cluster?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 47

Damage to the hair ________ would prevent hair growth.

A) cortex
B) cuticle
C) matrix
D) medulla

Question 48

The cells in the skin that store the most melanin granules are

A) dendritic cells.
B) tactile epithelial cells.
C) basal keratinocytes.
D) melanocytes.

Question 49

Soft keratin is present in the

A) epidermis.
B) hair cuticles.
C) dermis.
D) body of the nails.

Question 50

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the innermost portion of hair that is comprised of large epithelial cells and air spaces?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 51

Tattoos are permanent because

A) Langerhans cells do not recognize the pigments as foreign.
B) the melanocytes are altered to produce different colors.
C) the pigments are injected in the dermis.
D) the pigments are injected in the stratum basale, which continuously replaces the superficial layers that are sloughed off.

Question 52

The black part of a blackhead is

A) oxidized sebum.
B) dirt.
C) a growing hair stub.
D) excreted carbon.

Question 53

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 54

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the portion of a hair that projects above the skin surface?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 55

Which statement is not part of the explanation for male pattern baldness?

A) Cells of the hair matrix cease mitosis.
B) Hair growth cycles shorten.
C) Hair shafts may not reach the surface.
D) Terminal hairs are replaced by vellus hairs.

Question 56

Holocrine secretion

A) differentiates the products of ceruminous and mammary glands from other sweat glands.
B) involves the bursting of the glandular epithelial cell.
C) produces a lipid-rich product that can be metabolized by bacteria.
D) results from the exocytosis of protein-rich vesicles.

Question 57

Is the human integumentary system best adapted for hot or cold climates?

A) cold, because we have many skin features that keep us from overheating
B) cold, because we have a thick hypodermis
C) warm, because sweating cools us in hot climates but we would die in cold climates without clothing
D) warm, because sebaceous glands aid us in hot climates but evaporative cooling would kill us in cold climates

Question 58

The proximal nail fold is also called the nail's

A) matrix.
B) bed.
C) lunule.
D) eponychium.

Question 59

Cleavage lines

A) are scars resulting from overstretching of the dermis.
B) attach the dermis to underlying bone and muscle.
C) form the pattern of epidermal ridges known as fingerprints.
D) run parallel to the orientation of collagen bundles in the reticular layer.

Question 60

The appearance of wrinkles in skin with age is largely due to changes in the

A) collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.
B) keratin of the epidermis.
C) carotene in the epidermis.
D) blood vessels in the dermis.

Question 61

In the ABCD rule for recognizing melanoma, the letter D stands for

A) depth.
B) diameter.
C) dark.
D) density.

Question 62

The type of burn in which the epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged is ________ degree.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 63

The lunule, which represents the thickest part of the nail matrix is found at the

A) body of the nail.
B) eponychium.
C) proximal part of the nail bed.
D) dermis around the nail.

Question 64

Keratinocytes begin to die in the stratum granulosum.

Question 65

The letter A in the ABCD rule for melanoma detection stands for asymmetry.

Question 66

The "cheesy" layer on the skin of a newborn is

A) lanugo.
B) baby sweat.
C) seborrhea.
D) vernix caseosa.

Question 67

The type of skin cancer that is most common and has the lowest metastasis rate is

A) basal cell carcinoma.
B) squamous cell carcinoma.
C) malignant melanoma.
D) leukopenia.

Question 68

An appendage or layer of the skin that does not develop from ectoderm is the

A) stratum spinosum.
B) hair follicle.
C) stratum corneum.
D) dermis.

Question 69

Lanugo hair is replaced in a fetus by

A) nominal hair.
B) no hair.
C) vellus hair.
D) dermal hair.

Question 70

Based on the rule of nines, approximately what percent of the total body surface covers the anterior and posterior torso?

A) 37%
B) 50%
C) 58%
D) 66%

Question 71

Pimples begin

A) as localized infections in the hypodermis.
B) as tiny cuts and nicks in the skin.
C) when bacteria enter sweat pores.
D) when sebaceous glands become blocked by sebum.

Question 72

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can lead to skin cancer, but minimal UVR exposure can lead to

A) porphyria.
B) vitiligo.
C) vitamin D deficiency.
D) ulcerative colitis.

Question 73

Any condition involving absence or loss of hair is called

A) psoriasis.
B) alopecia.
C) impetigo.
D) vitiligo.

Question 74

The type of skin cancer that arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum is

A) basal cell carcinoma.
B) malignant melanoma.
C) squamous cell carcinoma.
D) psoriasis.

Question 75

Nutrients enter a hair follicle through the dermal papilla.

Question 76

The most external layer of a hair shaft is the

A) medulla.
B) cuticle.
C) cortex.
D) epidermal root sheath.

Question 77

Skin consists of two distinct tissue layers: the epidermis and dermis.

Question 78

Chemotherapy causes hair loss because these drugs specifically target the rapidly dividing cells in the hypodermis.

Question 79

As a person balds, terminal hair is replaced by vellus.

Question 80

Since both hair and skin contain keratin, the hair shaft is most comparable to what part of the epidermis?

A) stratum corneum
B) melanocytes
C) basal lamina
D) stratum basale