Deck 17: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which arrangement of endocrine cells does not allow for maximum contact with blood capillaries?

A) branching networks
B) clusters
C) cords
D) ducts

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter which indicates the brain region where releasing and inhibiting hormones are secreted.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Endocrine cells that secrete steroids have all of the following cytoplasmic features except

A) abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) secretion via diffusion.
C) lipid droplets.
D) secretory granules.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is

A) hormonal.
B) humoral.
C) nervous.
D) calcium.

Question 5

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter which indicates an immune organ that also secretes hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect?

A) They are a group of ductless glands.
B) They secrete messenger molecules called hormones.
C) The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses.
D) The hormones they secrete regulate processes such as growth and metabolism.

Question 7

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter which indicates a gland that regulates circadian rhythms.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 8

Largest purely endocrine gland in the body.

A) pancreas
B) hypophysis
C) adrenal gland
D) thyroid gland
E) thymus gland

Question 9

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating a "master gland" which secretes at least nine hormones.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating a gland which secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

The major stimulus for the release of the amine hormones of the adrenal gland is

A) hormonal.
B) humoral.
C) nervous.
D) adrenaline.

Question 12

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating an organ which secretes hormones that control blood sugar levels.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Which of the following hormones is secreted by neurons?

A) oxytocin
B) thyroid hormone
C) growth hormone
D) insulin

Question 14

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter which indicates the hypophysis.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 15

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter which indicates a gland that secretes melatonin.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 16

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating a gland which secretes corticosteroids.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

This region of the hypophysis releases hormones stored in neurosecretory bodies in axon terminals.

A) tuber cinerum
B) neurohypophysis
C) infundibulum
D) pars tuberalis
E) adenohypophysis

Question 18

The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as the

A) tuber cinerum.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) infundibulum.
D) pars tuberalis.
E) adenohypophysis.

Question 19

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are

A) well vascularized.
B) poorly vascularized.
C) have an average amount of vascularization.
D) mainly epithelial cells.

Question 20

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter which indicates a commissure connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 21

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

A) neurohypophysis
B) adneohypophysis
C) pineal gland
D) thymus gland
E) parathyroid gland

Question 22

Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children.

A) parathyroid hormone
B) calcitonin
C) thyroxine
D) catecholamines
E) oxytocin

Question 23

Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells.

A) thyroid gland
B) thymus gland
C) ovaries/testes
D) adrenal gland
E) pancreas

Question 24

Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.

A) mineralocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) androgens
D) gonadotrophins
E) amino acid-based hormones

Question 25

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis does not regulate the function of other endocrine glands?

A) MSH
B) TSH
C) ACTH
D) FSH

Question 26

The primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system is located in

A) the hypothalamus.
B) the infundibular stalk.
C) the median eminence.
D) the pars tuberalis.

Question 27

The artery that supplies most of the pituitary gland (but not the pars nervosa) is the

A) primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system.
B) basilar artery on the brain stem.
C) superior hypophyseal artery.
D) hypophyseal branch of the external carotid artery.

Question 28

Class of hormones that regulates secretions of other endocrine glands.

A) acidophilic
B) basophilic
C) tropic
D) atrial naturetic peptide
E) renin

Question 29

Jellylike substance found in the thyroid follicles which contains high concentrations of stored thyroglobulin.

A) brain sand
B) colloid
C) acinar
D) cortisol

Question 30

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

A) alpha cells
B) beta cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) PP cells

Question 31

Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA.

A) zona glomerulosa
B) zona fasiculata
C) zona reticularis
D) tuber cinerum
E) chrommafin cells

Question 32

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the

A) pars distalis.
B) pancreatic islets.
C) hypothalamus.
D) atria of the heart.

Question 33

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) LH
B) ADH
C) glucagon
D) adrenaline

Question 34

The action of parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

A) thyroxin.
B) calcitonin.
C) oxytocin.
D) GH.

Question 35

DHEA is secreted by the adrenal gland, and then converted to estrogens and testosterone by the

A) pituitary gland.
B) peripheral reproductive cells.
C) gonadotropic cells.
D) interstitial cells.

Question 36

Which of the following is not part of the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) pars distalis
B) pars intermedia
C) pars tuberalis
D) pars nervosa

Question 37

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the

A) thyroid gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pars distalis.
D) adrenal cortex.

Question 38

Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months?

A) the pituitary
B) the thyroid
C) the pancreas
D) the ovary

Question 39

Pancreatic cell type that produces glucagon.

A) alpha cells
B) beta cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) PP cells

Question 40

The adrenal medulla secretes

A) aldosterone.
B) cortisol.
C) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D) glucocorticoids.

Question 41

The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces two hormones, ________ and ________.

A) ADH and MSH
B) FSH and LH
C) oxytocin and ADH
D) PRL and oxytocin

Question 42

Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone?

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) iron
D) copper

Question 43

Cells of the adrenal medulla are most closely allied with

A) the exocrine acinar cells of the pancreas.
B) the pinealocytes.
C) the sympathetic neurons.
D) the T lymphocytes of the immune system.

Question 44

Which endocrine gland stands out in X-ray images and helps radiologists orient within the brain?

A) the pineal gland
B) the pituitary gland
C) the hypothalamus
D) the thyroid gland

Question 45

The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the

A) pars nervosa.
B) infundibulum.
C) tuber cinereum.
D) pars intermedia.

Question 46

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the

A) zona glomerulosa.
B) renal cortex.
C) pars distalis.
D) pars nervosa.

Question 47

Which cells produce the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin?

A) parathyroid cells
B) follicular cells
C) oxyphil cells
D) parafollicular cells

Question 48

Target organs for the hormone oxytocin include the uterus and the

A) lungs.
B) mammary glands.
C) biceps brachii muscle.
D) thyroid gland.

Question 49

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

A) melatonin
B) melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C) prolactin-inhibiting hormone
D) oxytocin

Question 50

Which of the following hormones is secreted into the primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system?

A) growth hormone-releasing hormone
B) growth hormone
C) ADH
D) oxytocin

Question 51

The beta type endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets secretes a hormone that

A) lowers blood sugar levels.
B) raises blood sugar concentrations.
C) targets liver cells.
D) inhibits secretion by the exocrine pancreas.

Question 52

Which region of the adrenal cortex consists of cells arranged in parallel cords?

A) zona fasciculata
B) zona glomerulosa
C) zona pellucia
D) zona reticularis

Question 53

Which of the following endocrine glands is capable of storing its hormones extracellularly and then slowly releasing them?

A) thyroid gland
B) pituitary gland
C) adrenal gland
D) pancreas

Question 54

Cells that manufacture and secrete ACTH are located in the

A) adrenal cortex.
B) adrenal medulla.
C) pituitary gland.
D) heart.

Question 55

Which of the following is not part of the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A) infundibular stalk
B) median eminence
C) pars intermedia
D) pars nervosa

Question 56

Parathyroid hormone causes all of the following except

A) activation of vitamin D.
B) decreased secretion of calcium by the kidney.
C) increase in plasma calcium.
D) inhibition of osteoclasts.

Question 57

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is produced by ________ cells.

A) corticotropic
B) gonadotropic
C) somatotropic
D) thyrotropic

Question 58

Which of the following hormones secreted by the pars distalis is a tropic hormone?

A) MSH
B) LH
C) prolactin
D) growth hormone

Question 59

Calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels, is produced by the ________ gland.

A) adrenal
B) thyroid
C) pituitary
D) parathyroid

Question 60

The thyroid gland is located

A) anterior to the aortic arch.
B) immediately inferior to the larynx.
C) on the superior aspect of the kidneys.
D) posterior to the sternum.

Question 61

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is/are the

A) gonads.
B) parathyroid.
C) thymus.
D) thyroid.

Question 62

Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells?

A) ADH
B) FSH
C) atrial natriuretic hormone
D) epinephrine

Question 63

Somatostatin

A) increases the release of insulin.
B) increases the release of glucagon.
C) inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon.
D) inhibits the exocrine activity of the pancreas.

Question 64

Which of the following is/are a major source of steroid hormones in the body?

A) gonads
B) adrenal medulla
C) thyroid
D) pituitary

Question 65

Individuals with type 2 diabetes

A) have an absolute requirement for insulin injections.
B) have normal concentrations of glucose in their blood.
C) may often control their disease by diet and exercise.
D) have pancreases that produce and secrete very little insulin.

Question 66

Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol.

Question 67

Prolactinoma is the most common tumor of the

A) pineal gland.
B) thyroid.
C) adrenal medulla.
D) pituitary gland.

Question 68

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta?

A) estrogens
B) testosterone
C) progesterone
D) hCG

Question 69

Which of the following statements concerning the supraoptic nucleus is false?

A) It is part of the hypothalamus.
B) It gets its name because it is superior to the optic chiasma.
C) It is a brain nucleus.
D) It produces the hormone oxytocin.

Question 70

Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm.

A) tuber cinerum
B) neurohypophysis
C) infundibulum
D) pars tuberalis
E) adenohypophysis

Question 71

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the

A) posterior pituitary gland.
B) pancreas.
C) gonads.
D) kidney.

Question 72

Which of the following hormones indirectly increases the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?

A) ACTH
B) renin
C) TSH
D) corticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 73

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by

A) bone cells.
B) the brain.
C) the epithelium of the small intestine.
D) the epidermis.

Question 74

Pituitary disorders include all of the following except

A) gigantism.
B) acromegaly.
C) pituitary dwarfism.
D) Graves' disease.

Question 75

The condition in which a neoplasm leads to hypersecretion of amine hormones by the adrenal medulla is called

A) Graves' disease.
B) pheochromocytoma.
C) myxedema.
D) acromegaly.

Question 76

Erythropoietin is produced in the

A) kidney.
B) heart.
C) bone marrow.
D) thymus.

Question 77

The hormone produced by the heart

A) decreases urine output.
B) increases calcium levels in the blood.
C) is secreted in response to low blood volumes.
D) increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.

Question 78

Which of the following endocrine glands develop(s) primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?

A) anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary
B) thyroid and parathyroids
C) pineal
D) adrenal medulla

Question 79

All endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 80

Of the following endocrine organs, which does not migrate away from its original site of formation in the embryo?

A) thymus
B) parathyroid glands
C) thyroid gland
D) posterior lobe of the pituitary gland