Deck 27: Antituberculars, Antifungals, and Antivirals

Question 1

A patient who has oral candidiasis will begin using nystatin suspension to treat the infection. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient?

A) "Coat the buccal mucosa with the drug and then rinse your mouth."
B) "Put the pill under the tongue and let it dissolve."
C) "Mix the suspension with 4 ounces of water and then drink it."
D) "Swish the liquid in your mouth and then swallow after a few minutes."

Answer 1

"Swish the liquid in your mouth and then swallow after a few minutes."

Question 2

A patient will begin taking streptomycin as part of the medication regimen to treat tuberculosis. Before administering this medication, the nurse will review which laboratory values in the patient's medical record?

A) Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white cell count
B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
C) Potassium and magnesium levels
D) Serum fasting glucose

Answer 2

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with tinea capitis. The provider will order which systemic antifungal medication for this patient?

A) Anidulafungin (Eraxis)
B) Fluconazole (Diflucan)
C) Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)
D) Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

Answer 3

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

Question 4

A patient is being treated with isoniazid (INH), rifampin, and pyrazinamide in phase I of treatment for tuberculosis. The organism develops resistance to isoniazid. Which drug will the nurse anticipate the provider will order to replace the isoniazid?

A) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
B) Ethambutol (Myambutol)
C) Kanamycin
D) Streptomycin sulfate

Question 5

The nurse is teaching a nursing student about the antifungal drug amphotericin B. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

A) "Amphotericin B may be given intravenously or by mouth."
B) "Patients who take this drug should have potassium and magnesium levels assessed."
C) "Patients with renal disease should not take amphotericin B."
D) "This drug is used for severe systemic infections."

Question 6

Which person should be treated with prophylactic antitubercular medication?

A) A child who attends the same school with a child who has tuberculosis
B) A nurse who is working in a hospital
C) An individual who is HIV-positive with a negative TB skin test
D) A patient with latent TB as evidence by a positive tuberculin skin test

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with histoplasmosis and will begin taking ketoconazole. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?

A) "Take the medicine twice daily."
B) "Take the medication with food."
C) "You may consume small amounts of alcohol."
D) "You will not need lab tests while taking this drug."

Question 8

A patient calls the clinic in November to report a temperature of 103° F, headache, a nonproductive cough, and muscle aches. The patient reports feeling well earlier that day. The nurse will schedule the patient to see the provider and will expect the provider to order which medication?

A) Amantadine HCl (Symmetrel)
B) Influenza vaccine
C) Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)
D) An over-the-counter drug for symptomatic treatment

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a patient who is diagnosed with tuberculosis. The patient tells the nurse that the provider plans to order a prophylactic antitubercular drug for family members and asks which drug will be ordered. The nurse will expect the provider to order which drug?

A) Isoniazid (INH)
B) Pyrazinamide
C) Rifampin (Rifadin)
D) Streptomycin

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with influenza and will begin taking a neuraminidase inhibitor. The nurse knows that this drug is effective when taken within how many hours of onset of flu symptoms?

A) 12 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 48 hours
D) 72 hours

Question 11

A patient who has AIDS is at risk to contract aspergillosis. The nurse will anticipate that which antifungal medication will be ordered prophylactically for this patient?

A) Metronidazole (Flagyl)
B) Micafungin (Mycamine)
C) Posaconazole (Noxafil)
D) Voriconazole (Vfend)

Question 12

A patient who has completed the first phase of a three-drug regimen for tuberculosis has a positive sputum acid-bacilli test. The nurse will tell the patient that:

A) drug resistance has probably occurred.
B) it may be another month before this test is negative.
C) the provider will change the pyrazinamide to ethambutol.
D) there may be a need to remain in the first phase of therapy for several weeks.

Question 13

A patient who takes an oral sulfonylurea medication will begin taking fluconazole (Diflucan). The nurse will expect to monitor which lab values in this patient?

A) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
B) Electrolytes
C) Fluconazole levels
D) Glucose

Question 14

The nurse receives the following order for a patient who is diagnosed with herpes zoster virus: PO acyclovir (Zovirax) 400 mg TID for 7 to 10 days. The nurse will contact the provider to clarify which part of the order?

A) Dose and frequency
B) Frequency and duration
C) Drug and dose
D) Drug and duration

Question 15

A patient who has chronic liver disease reports contact with a person who has tuberculosis (TB). The nurse will counsel this patient to contact the provider to discuss which of the following?

A) a chest x-ray.
B) a TB skin test.
C) liver function tests (LFTs).
D) prophylactic antitubercular drugs.

Question 16

A patient who has tuberculosis asks the nurse why three drugs are used to treat this disease. The nurse will explain that multidrug therapy is used to reduce the likelihood of:

A) disease relapse.
B) drug hypersensitivity reactions.
C) drug resistance.
D) drug adverse effects.

Question 17

The nurse receives an order to administer a purine nucleoside antiviral medication. The nurse understands that this medication treats which type of virus?

A) Hepatitis virus
B) Herpes virus
C) HIV
D) Influenza virus

Question 18

The nurse is teaching a patient about rifampin. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

A) "I should not wear soft contact lenses while taking rifampin."
B) "I will need regular eye examinations while taking this drug."
C) "I will report orange urine to my provider immediately."
D) "I understand that renal toxicity is a common adverse effect."

Question 19

The nurse caring for a patient who has tuberculosis and who is taking isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin reviews the medical record and notes the patient's sputum cultures reveal resistance to streptomycin. The nurse will anticipate that the provider will take which action?

A) Add ethambutol (Myambutol).
B) Change the streptomycin to clarithromycin.
C) Change the streptomycin to kanamycin.
D) Order renal function tests.

Question 20

A patient who is taking isoniazid (INH) as part of a two-drug tuberculosis treatment regimen reports tingling of the fingers and toes. The nurse will recommend discussing which treatment with the provider?

A) Adding pyrazinamide
B) Changing to ethambutol
C) Increasing oral fluid intake
D) Taking pyridoxine (B₆)

Question 21

A patient who is taking acyclovir (Zovirax) to treat an oral HSV-1 infection asks the nurse why oral care is so important. The nurse will tell the patient that meticulous oral care helps to:

A) minimize transmission of disease.
B) prevent gingival hyperplasia.
C) reduce viral resistance to the drug.
D) shorten the duration of drug therapy.

Question 22

Which diseases are caused by herpes viruses? (Select all that apply.)

A) Chicken pox
B) Hepatitis
C) Influenza
D) Mononucleosis
E) Shingles

Question 23

The nurse is teaching a patient who will receive acyclovir for a herpes virus infection. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient?

A) Blood cell counts should be monitored closely.
B) Dizziness and confusion are harmless side effects.
C) Increase fluid intake while taking this medication.
D) Side effects are rare with this medication.