Deck 6: Perceiving Depth

Question 1

The dynamic monocular depth cues include

A)binocular disparity.
B)partial occlusion.
C)deletion and accretion.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The binocular depth cue is

A)binocular disparity.
B)motion parallax.
C)accommodation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which oculomotor depth cue requires two eyes?

A)binocular disparity
B)convergence
C)accommodation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Stereopsis is a depth cue arising from

A)different retinal images in the two eyes.
B)different retinal images in a single eye at two different times.
C)movement of the observer across the visual field.

Question 5

The depth cue called motion parallax

A)requires that the observer be in motion.
B)requires that objects relative to the observer be in motion.
C)requires that both the observer and objects relative to the observer be in motion.

Question 6

When the visual angle for a basketball is less than the visual angle for a baseball,then

A)the basketball must be closer to the observer than the baseball.
B)the basketball must be farther from the observer than the baseball.
C)the basketball and the baseball may be at the same distance from the observer.

Question 7

Another name for the monocular depth cue called interposition is .

A)static;accommodation
B)dynamic;partial occlusion
C)static;partial occlusion

Question 8

______________ disparity occurs with objects that are closer than the horopter.

A)Zero
B)Corresponding points
C)Crossed

Question 9

The depth cue of atmospheric perspective

A)works effectively at distances less than 2 m.
B)can only be used by people with normal color vision.
C)is due to objects at great distances appearing less distinct and bluish.

Question 10

Larry and Theo are the same height (6 feet).Larry is 10 feet from the observer and Theo is 15 feet from the observer,so

A)Larry would produce a smaller visual angle than Theo would.
B)Larry would produce a larger visual angle than Theo would.
C)Larry would produce the same size visual angle as Theo.

Question 11

Two points if they are each the same distance to the right or left of the foveas in the two eyes and the same distance above or below the foveas.

A)are corresponding
B)are noncorresponding
C)have crossed disparity

Question 12

Objects on the horopter

A)project images that are at corresponding points on each retina.
B)project images that are at noncorresponding points on each retina.
C)produce uncrossed disparity.

Question 13

The size-distance relationship states that

A)the farther away an object is from the observer,the smaller its retinal image.
B)the farther away an object is from the observer,the larger its retinal image.
C)the distance between an object and the observer is not related to its retinal image.

Question 14

Oculomotor depth cues are effective for distances of up to about

A)2 m.
B)10 m.
C)25 m.

Question 15

The fixation point

A)is on the horopter.
B)is closer than the horopter.
C)is farther than the horopter.

Question 16

With a moving observer,objects farther from the fixation point

A)appear to move faster than objects nearer the fixation point.
B)appear to move slower than objects nearer the fixation point.
C)appear to move in the same direction as the observer,while objects nearer the fixation point appear to move in the opposite direction.

Question 17

The oculomotor depth cue that involves adjusting the shape of the lens is

A)binocular disparity.
B)convergence.
C)accommodation.

Question 18

According to the depth cue of relative height

A)a taller man will always appear closer than a shorter man.
B)a shorter man will always appear closer than a taller man.
C)objects that are below the horizon and are lower in your retinal image appear closer.

Question 19

______________ is considered a special case of the monocular depth cue .

A)Texture gradient;familiar size
B)Texture gradient;relative size
C)Relative size;texture gradient

Question 20

When an object gradually becomes occluded it is called ,and when the object gradually emerges it is called .

A)deletion;accretion
B)accretion;deletion
C)accommodation;convergence

Question 21

Binocular cells

A)respond when the receptive fields on either eye are stimulated.
B)respond when the receptive fields on both eyes are stimulated simultaneously.
C)respond when the receptive fields on each eye are stimulated sequentially.

Question 22

The moon on the horizon

A)is actually closer to the earth than the moon high in the sky.
B)tends to appear larger than when it is high in the sky.
C)produces a larger retinal image than when it is high in the sky.

Question 23

Photographs can give the appearance of depth even though they never use which of the follow- ing depth cues.

A)binocular and dynamic cues
B)familiar size and relative height
C)texture gradients and cast shadows

Question 24

During a recent trip to the local airport you notice a small plane a few hundred yards away that is lower in your field of view than a jet that is far in the distance.Explain whether this scenario contradicts the depth cue of relative height in an image.

Question 25

According to size constancy

A)as retinal image size changes so does the perceived size of the object.
B)the perceived size of an object remains constant despite changes in the size of the retinal im- age.
C)as retinal image size gets smaller the perceived size of the object gets smaller.

Question 26

Binocular cells have been found in

A)the dorsal pathway only.
B)the ventral pathway only.
C)areas V1,V2,V3,and V4.

Question 27

When viewing a 3-D movie in a theatre using 3-D glasses with polarized lenses

A)everyone in the theater sees a slightly different stereoscopic view.
B)everyone in the theater sees the same stereoscopic view.
C)people on the left side of the theater see a different stereoscopic view than people on the right side of the theater.

Question 28

Shape constancy refers to our perception of an object's shape as when the shape of the retinal image .

A)not changing;changes
B)changing;does not change
C)changing;changes

Question 29

Research with random dot stereograms has shown that

A)object recognition precedes correspondence matching.
B)correspondence matching is not necessary for the perception of binocular disparity.
C)correspondence matching precedes object recognition.

Question 30

The most widely accepted explanation for the moon illusion is that it results from

A)the misperception of distance.
B)the misperception of shape.
C)misapplied color constancy.

Question 31

In real-world situations

A)only one or two depth cues are ever used.
B)different depth cues tend to provide inconsistent information.
C)different depth cues tend to provide consistent information.

Question 32

As the distance between an object and the horopter increases,for the object .

A)the binocular disparity;increases
B)the visual angle;decreases
C)the binocular disparity;remains unchanged

Question 33

To demonstrate ,you need a retinal image that does not change its size and a projected image that does change its size.

A)Wundt's law
B)Emmert's law
C)autostereoscopy

Question 34

Emmert's law states that

A)the perceived size of an afterimage is proportional to the distance of the surface on which it is projected.
B)the perceived size of an afterimage remains constant regardless of the distance of the surface on which it is projected.
C)the perceived size of an afterimage increases as the distance of the surface on which it is projected decreases.

Question 35

An anaglyph

A)requires two slightly different superimposed images.
B)can be viewed without special colored lenses.
C)produces the appearance of depth for people who have only one eye.

Question 36

Grab a mug by its handle,then extend your arm in front of you (if you don't have a mug,any object will do).As you slowly bring the mug from arm's distance in toward your nose,what are the cues to the decreasing depth of the mug?

Question 37

With the viewer can see 3-D images on without the use of special glasses.

A)liquid-crystal shutter glasses;a movie screen
B)autostereoscopy;a movie screen
C)autostereoscopy;a TV monitor

Question 38

The Ponzo illusion

A)illustrates the principle of color constancy.
B)illustrates the principle of size-distance invariance.
C)entails the accurate perceptions of objects' sizes.

Question 39

Objects on the horopter

A)produce zero disparity.
B)produce uncrossed disparity.
C)produce crossed disparity.

Question 40

A father and his son are riding along a tree-lined road.Dad stares straight ahead through the windshield as he drives,and his son,sitting in the back seat,looks out a side window.Discuss the depth cues available to each rider.

Question 41

Binocular cells

A)cannot respond to zero disparity.
B)always increase their response for crossed disparity and decrease their response for un- crossed disparity.
C)are tuned to different disparities (crossed,uncrossed,or zero).

Question 42

Random dot stereograms

A)must be viewed with a stereoscope.
B)must be viewed as an anaglyph.
C)can be viewed with either a stereoscope or as an anaglyph.

Question 43

To demonstrate Emmert's law you need a retinal image that its size and a projected surface that its size.

A)changes;does not change
B)does not change;changes
C)does not change;does not change

Question 44

At a neighbor's garage sale you find an old-time stereogram showing a posh group of people standing in front of the Eiffel Tower at center,and a zeppelin hovering in the background.How do the relative positions of the main objects change in the left- and right-eye pictures to achieve the 3-D effect?

Question 45

According to the depth cue of linear perspective,parallel lines appear to as they recede in depth.

A)converge
B)diverge
C)curve

Question 46

The fixation point

A)determines the horopter.
B)falls on either side of the horopter.
C)will always be closer than the horopter.

Question 47

The size-based depth cues include

A)binocular disparity and motion parallax
B)convergence and accommodation
C)texture gradient and linear perspective

Question 48

Why do you think art teachers often suggest that students practice drawing familiar objects and faces viewed upside down in order to achieve an accurate portrayal?

Question 49

______________ occurs with an object that is on the horopter.

A)Zero disparity
B)Negative disparity
C)Crossed disparity

Question 50

The Ames room illusion

A)is a good example of accurate size constancy.
B)uses only monocular depth cues.
C)works because the two visible corners of the room are perceived as being at different dis- tances from the observer.

Question 51

What is the correspondence problem? What solutions have been proposed for this problem? How did Béla Julesz's work resolve this issue?

Question 52

Which is not a monocular depth cue?

A)binocular disparity
B)partial occlusion
C)familiar size

Question 53

Your text describes the recent development of 3-D video based on a technology known as holography.What obstacles would a maker of animated films have to overcome to adopt this technology?

Question 54

On a recent trip to the planet Htegedore,you encounter creatures with two eyes-their eyes,however,are arranged vertically on their faces (like a traffic light).Discuss why you do or do not believe the Htegedoreans can effectively utilize stereopsis to assess the relative depth of objects on the ground.
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Question 55

The moon illusion occurs when you perceive the moon as

A)larger when it is on the horizon.
B)larger when it is high in the sky.
C)farther away when it is high in the sky.

Question 56

Oculomotor depth cues are ineffective for distances beyond

A)2 m.
B)______________100 m.
C)______________250 m.

Question 57

Which oculomotor depth cue uses only one eye?

A)binocular disparity
B)convergence
C)accommodation

Question 58

The dynamic depth cue in which an object gradually is called deletion.

A)becomes occluded
B)emerges
C)appears

Question 59

How would your perception of depth change if your eyes were one foot apart? What depth cues in particular would be affected?