Deck 12: Psychology Gets Personality: Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field

Question 1

Gordon Allport's youthful encounter with Freud left him with which conviction?

A) that psychoanalysis could provide the essential foundation for a psychology of "personality"
B) that he himself was an example of a well-adjusted "anal personality"
C) that "depth psychologies" were not always appropriate for dealing with normal individuals
D) both a and b above

Answer 1

that "depth psychologies" were not always appropriate for dealing with normal individuals

Question 2

Gordon and Floyd Allport's early work on personality was notable for:

A) producing the first workable "personality test."
B) discussing the concept of "personality" more systematically than had been done before.
C) emphasizing the notion of "character" differences.
D) both a and b above

Answer 2

discussing the concept of "personality" more systematically than had been done before.

Question 3

Henry Murray is well known for:

A) his establishment of the Big Five theory of personality.
B) his co-invention of the thematic apperception test.
C) his development of the PEN personality theory.
D) his creation of the inkblot personality test.

Answer 3

his co-invention of the thematic apperception test.

Question 4

What type of research methodology did Cattell use in order to create the 16PF questionnaire?

A) controlled experiment
B) survey research
C) naturalistic observation
D) factor analysis

Question 5

Of the following methods,which did Allport's 1937 personality textbook argue was "the most revealing of all"?

A) the Case Study method
B) a multi-dimensional questionnaire or survey study
C) an experimental study with clearly defined independent and dependent variables
D) a correlational study of trait names

Question 6

William Stern promoted a(n)___________ psychology where a central focus was on ____________.

A) social; the behavior of individuals in groups
B) nomothetic; the construction of personality tests
C) personalistic; the individual person
D) analytical; uncovering the collective unconscious

Question 7

Which of the following was not a contribution of Carl Jung to early personality psychology?

A) the Individual Will Temperament Test
B) the word association test
C) the concepts of extroversion and introversion
D) a theory of psychological "types"

Question 8

Abraham Maslow recalled that his own early life:

A) was full of obstacles to be overcome, which made him particularly receptive to the ideas of Alfred Adler.
B) was generally happy and secure, so he could easily pursue the "higher" needs from his hierarchy.
C) was characterized by strong sibling rivalry, which made him receptive to psychoanalytic theory.
D) was very unhappy, leading him to wonder where his mature, "positive psychology" ever came from.

Question 9

Maslow's dissertation research on monkeys and motivation supported which conclusion?

A) Sexual and dominance motivations were independent of each other and did not interact.
B) The drive for dominance was just one aspect of a more general sexual instinct .
C) The sex drive was just one aspect of a more general drive for dominance.
D) Dominance and sexuality were separate but interacting motivations, and in practice dominance usually predominated over pure sexuality.

Question 10

Gordon Allport's important collaborative projects included all of the following except:

A) "A Study of Values" with Phillip Vernon.
B) the "PEN" model of personality with Hans Eysenck.
C) a survey of trait names with Henry Odbert.
D) investigations of prejudice with Thomas Pettigrew.

Question 11

Besides personality theory,Gordon Allport made significant contributions to the study of:

A) religion and prejudice.
B) giftedness and retardation.
C) social facilitation and crowd behavior.
D) moral development.

Question 12

Gordon Allport effectively promoted all of the following concepts except:

A) the contact hypothesis.
B) the hierarchy of needs.
C) mature vs. immature religion.
D) functional autonomy.

Question 13

Abraham Maslow's original enthusiasm for becoming a psychologist was aroused by:

A) Gordon Allport's writings on personality.
B) John B. Watson's behaviorism.
C) Max Wertheimer's Gestalt psychology.
D) E. B. Titchener's structuralism.

Question 14

Hans Eysenck's personality theory emphasizes which three factors?

A) introversion/extraversion, emotionality, psychoticism
B) introversion/extraversion, neuroticism, trustworthiness
C) introversion/extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
D) introversion/extraversion, sociability, neuroticism

Question 15

Jung's Analytical Psychology,compared to Freud's psychoanalysis,was:

A) a brand of psychology that focuses less on sexuality and more on culture, religion, dream analysis, the unconscious mind, and the collective unconscious.
B) a brand of psychology that focuses more on sexuality and the drive for dominance, and less on culture, religion, dream analysis, and the unconscious mind.
C) a brand of psychology that focuses more on culture, religion, dream analysis and less on the unconscious mind and the collective unconscious .
D) a brand of psychology that focuses more on dominance motivation and less on "character types."

Question 16

David McClelland and his colleagues measured the "needs" for affiliation,achievement,and power with which instrument?

A) the TAT
B) the Rorschach test
C) 16 PF test
D) the word association test

Question 17

Gordon Allport identified and promoted which of the following pairs of contrasting research styles in personality?

A) monothetic and pluralistic
B) nomothetic and idiosyncratic
C) idiographic and idiosyncratic
D) nomothetic and idiographic

Question 18

As a student Gordon Allport was influenced by his teacher Münsterberg's conception of psychology as:

A) a dual discipline having both an objective-causal and a subjective?purposive side.
B) a socially relevant but still behavioristic discipline.
C) a discipline that could be both clinical and experimental.
D) a discipline that could be both objective and mechanistic.

Question 19

The term for Gordon Allport's notion that although motives may originate in childhood,they may be maintained or even strengthened in the mature personality because they have become reinforcing or rewarding in their own right,is:

A) autonomous ego functioning.
B) the contact hypothesis.
C) relational individuality.
D) functional autonomy of motives.

Question 20

Following psychoanalysis and behaviorism,what became classified as the "third force" in psychology?

A) Cognitive psychology
B) Humanistic psychology
C) Evolutionary psychology
D) Clinical psychology

Question 21

Maslow's mentors during his postgraduate experience in the "New Athens" of New York City included all of the following except:

A) Ruth Benedict.
B) Erich Fromm.
C) Karen Horney.
D) Clark Hull.

Question 22

Maslow classified which of the following as "being needs"?

A) self-actualization needs
B) love/belonging needs
C) esteem needs
D) all of the above

Question 23

Maslow's late term for an ideal,utopian society inhabited by self-actualized people was:

A) Walden Two.
B) Erewhon.
C) Eupsychia.
D) The Brave New World.

Question 24

Maslow had trouble obtaining a full-time university position primarily because of:

A) his slowness to finish and publish his dissertation.
B) the controversial nature of his dissertation findings.
C) anti-Semitism.
D) all of the above

Question 25

What was a major idea that Maslow got from his interaction with Max Wertheimer?

A) the importance of peak experiences
B) the importance of "insight learning"
C) the need for a more positive psychology
D) all of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,beginning at the bottom?

A) esteem needs, physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, self-actualization
B) physiological needs, love/belonging needs, safety needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
C) physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
D) safety needs, physiological needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualization

Question 27

Which of the following is a psychological approach that emphasizes the human need to overcome inferiority and achieve dominance,while still maintaining a sense of positive social interest

A) Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology
B) Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Psychology
C) Kurt Goldstein's Gestalt Neuropsychology
D) Harry Harlow's Prosocial Psychology

Question 28

Carl Rogers effectively promoted:

A) a client-centered therapy stressing unconditional positive regard.
B) an individual psychotherapy stressing the overcoming of inferiority
C) an existential therapy stressing the search for meaning.
D) a Gestalt therapy stressing the search for insight.

Question 29

Maslow found important allies in his establishment of a humanistic,third force in psychology in:

A) Gordon Allport and Henry Murray.
B) Carl Rogers and Rollo May.
C) Alfred Adler and William Sheldon.
D) Gardner Lindzey and Ross Stagner.

Question 30

Maslow's original two examples of people he regarded as self-actualized personalities were:

A) Harry Harlow and William Sheldon.
B) Ruth Benedict and Max Wertheimer.
C) Alfred Adler and Kurt Goldstein.
D) Carl Rogers and Gordon Allport.