Deck 12: The Body Senses

Question 1

The perception of the position and movement of body parts is due to the activity of sensory organs called

A)muscle spindles.
B)muscles spindles and Golgi tendon organs.
C)muscle spindles,Golgi tendon organs,and joint receptors.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Tactile perception results from ,including indentation,vibration,and stretching of the skin.

A)chemical stimulation
B)mechanical deformation
C)electrical stimulation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Glabrous skin is found on the

A)head.
B)palms.
C)forearms.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Neuropathic pain is caused by

A)cutting of the skin.
B)chemicals that are released by damage,causing activation of pain receptors.
C)damage to the peripheral or central nervous system.

Question 5

FAI mechanoreceptors

A)are slow adapting.
B)have relatively large receptive fields.
C)have Merkel cell endings.

Question 6

SAI mechanoreceptors are slow adapting and

A)have low spatial resolution.
B)have relatively small receptive fields.
C)have Pacinian corpuscle endings.

Question 7

Inflammatory pain and is caused by .

A)occurs immediately;cutting of the skin.
B)occurs after tissue has been damaged;chemicals that are released by damage,causing activation of pain receptors.
C)occurs immediately;damage to the peripheral or central nervous system.

Question 8

The two-point threshold is larger for than for the .

A)men;women
B)calf;big toe
C)right side of the body;left side of the body

Question 9

The mechanoreceptors used to detect slip and to maintain grip on an object are the FAI mechanoreceptors,and they contain

A)Merkel cells.
B)Meissner corpuscles.
C)Pacinian corpuscles.

Question 10

______________ are specialized endings that have an onion-like structure of nested capsules.

A)Merkel cells
B)Meissner corpuscles
C)Pacinian corpuscles

Question 11

The mechanoreceptors used to detect slip and to maintain grip on an object are the______________ mechanoreceptors.

A)SAI
B)SAII
C)FAI

Question 12

The confusion matrix for embossed letters moved across the fingertips showed that the letters were likely to be confused with one another.

A)M and W
B)A and B
C)F and N

Question 13

The mechanoreceptors used to read Braille are the mechanoreceptors.

A)SAI
B)SAII
C)FAI

Question 14

A-delta fibers transmit pain signals ,while C fibers transmit pain signals .

A)slowly;rapidly
B)rapidly;slowly
C)laterally;vertically

Question 15

The two-point threshold is smaller for the than for the .

A)fingertips and lips;belly
B)back and thighs;palm
C)right side of the body;left side of the body

Question 16

______________ fibers transmit pain signals ,while fibers transmit pain signals .

A)A-delta;slowly;C;rapidly
B)A-delta;rapidly;C;slowly
C)Unmyelinated A-delta;rapidly;myelinated C;slowly

Question 17

Hairy skin is found

A)on the lips.
B)on the palms.
C)on the forearms.

Question 18

C-tactile mechanoreceptors

A)are found on glabrous skin.
B)carry information quickly.
C)are involved in the perception of pleasantness.

Question 19

The way that mechanoreceptors transduce mechanical force is most similar to the activity of

A)rods and cones in the retina.
B)stereocilia in the cochlea.
C)olfactory receptors in the olfactory epithelium.

Question 20

According to your text,______________mechanoreceptors provide somewhat blurry representations of Braille stimuli,while mechanoreceptors provide no useful information.

A)SAI: FAI
B)SAII;SAI
C)FAI;SAII

Question 21

The first synapse in the dorsal column-medical lemniscal pathway is located in the

A)dorsal horn.
B)ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus.
C)medulla.

Question 22

The dorsal pathway from area S1 carries

A)tactile and proprioceptive information and is analogous to the "what" pathway in vision.
B)tactile and proprioceptive information and is analogous to the "where/how" pathway in vision.
C)information about texture and edge orientation is analogous to the "what" pathway in vision.

Question 23

The primary somatosensory cortex

A)is found in the precentral gyrus.
B)receives its inputs from the secondary somatosensory cortex.
C)is composed of four areas called 3a,3b,2,and 1.

Question 24

Research on the cortical representation of temperature has suggested that nonpainful tempera- ture sensations are represented on the cortex.

A)contralateral insular
B)ipsilateral insular
C)contralateral cingulate

Question 25

Haptic perception is defined as using touch to perceive and identify objects.

A)actively
B)passively
C)actively or passively

Question 26

______________ have an inhibitory effect on pain-related neural signals in the CNS.

A)Cocaine and amphetamines
B)Hallucinogens
C)Endorphins

Question 27

Tactile agnosia is and is believed to be due to damage to .

A)the inability to recognize objects by sight;area V1
B)the inability to recognize objects by touch;area S2
C)the inability to explore objects by touch;area S1

Question 28

Affective signals for pain are represented in all of the following except

A)the anterior insular cortex.
B)areas 3b and 3a of S1.
C)the amygdala.

Question 29

Lederman and Klatzky (1987)proposed eight exploratory procedures (EPs),including

A)contour following and vibration
B)lateral motion and tasting
C)pressure,enclosure,and static contact

Question 30

The semicircular canals are

A)air-filled chambers in the head.
B)filled with endolymph and found near the cochlea.
C)filled with endolymph and found in the vertebrae.

Question 31

The ventral pathway from area S1 carries

A)tactile and proprioceptive information and is analogous to the "what" pathway in vision.
B)tactile and proprioceptive information and is analogous to the "where/how" pathway in vi- sion.
C)information about the perception of slip and is analogous to the "what" pathway in vision.

Question 32

Warm fibers fire at an ongoing moderate rate to sustained skin temperatures in the range of

A)29-43°C.
B)17-40°C.
C)5-18°C.

Question 33

People use the to unconsciously compensate for the movements of the eyes during head movements.

A)otolithic reflex
B)vestibulo-ocular reflex
C)cortical plasticity response

Question 34

Each dorsal root ganglion

A)carries motor signals from the brain to the muscles.
B)is adjacent to one vertebra.
C)enters the ventral part of the spinal cord.

Question 35

Discriminative signals for pain are represented in

A)the anterior insular cortex.
B)areas 3b and 3a of S1.
C)the amygdala.

Question 36

The somatosensory cortex is found in

A)the frontal lobe.
B)the posterior parietal lobe.
C)the anterior parietal lobe.

Question 37

Somatosensory signals carrying proprioceptive information flow from the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus to subarea(s)of S1.

A)3b and 1
B)3a and 2
C)1

Question 38

Experiencing following an amputation is an example of .

A)neuropathic pain;endorphins.
B)a phantom limb;cortical plasticity.
C)a phantom limb;nociceptive pain.

Question 39

Describe the response of slow-adapting versus fast-adapting mechanoreceptors as you first pick up a mug and then place it down on your desk.

Question 40

The figure shows the four subareas of

A)area S1.
B)area S2.
C)the posterior parietal cortex.

Question 41

The is found in the anterior parietal lobe.

A)somatosensory cortex
B)medial lemniscus
C)lateral sulcus

Question 42

Glabrous skin is skin

A)without hair.
B)with hair.
C)without an epidermis.

Question 43

Why do people who lack nociceptors have such a short life expectancy?

Question 44

______________ are compounds released by the body in response to pain.

A)Opiates
B)Quaaludes
C)Endogenous opioids

Question 45

______________ perception involves actively using touch to perceive and identify objects.

A)Habitual
B)Vestibular
C)Haptic

Question 46

Define the following terms: (1)proprioception, (2)nociception, (3)thermoception,and (4)haptics.

Question 47

SAII mechanoreceptors

A)are slow adapting.
B)have relatively small receptive fields.
C)have Merkel cell endings.

Question 48

One would think that pain receptors becoming more sensitive would be a great detriment,since this obviously leads to more frequent pain in the affected body part.What,then,is the benefit of increased sensitivity of nociceptors following injury?

Question 49

Cybertechnology Corporation is developing a robotic kitchen assistant,the Really Iron Chef (RIC,for short).Provide three examples to support the recommendation that RIC be pro- grammed to receive haptic feedback.

Question 50

Compare what you would experience in the following scenarios: (1)thrusting your hand into a pot of 110°F water,and (2)placing your hand into a pot of 75°F water that is slowly being
heated to 110°F.Explain your answers in terms of the responses of warm-fiber thermoreceptors.

Question 51

Clarence has been playing guitar for fifteen years.After he fractured his left wrist,he found that he could no longer perform the fine finger movements required of his left hand.As a result,he decided to switch from playing right-handed to playing left-handed (strumming with his left hand while doing intricate fingering with his right).Describe (1)the current state of Clarence's somatosensory cortex,and (2)the changes you might expect Clarence to experience in his so- matosensory cortex over the next few years.(Assume Clarence is ambidextrous. )

Question 52

Tactile perception results from mechanical deformation,including the skin.

A)indentation and temperature change to
B)indentation and stretching of
C)vibration and damage to

Question 53

The type of mechanoreceptors used to perceive pattern,texture,and shape are the______________ mechanoreceptors.

A)SAI
B)SAII
C)FAI

Question 54

What is the role of each of the following when playing the piano: tactile perception,propriocep- tion,haptic perception,the vestibular system?

Question 55

As Natalia sits on a child's playground swing and slowly swings back and both in a broad arc,her head maintains its upright orientation.Briefly describe the activity within the perceptual organ that helps Natalia maintain the upright position of her head.

Question 56

Nociceptive pain

A)is always unpleasant but does not entail tissue damage.
B)is sometimes unpleasant but does not entail tissue damage.
C)arises from tissue damage.

Question 57

The two-point threshold is smallest on

A)the fingertips and lips
B)the back and thighs
C)the right side of the body

Question 58

Proprioception results from the activity of

A)muscle spindles.
B)muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs.
C)muscle spindles,Golgi tendon organs,and joint receptors.

Question 59

What is the two-point threshold? What is the somatotopic map of the body? What is the rela- tionship between the two-point threshold and the somatotopic map?

Question 60

The ventral pathway from area S1 carries tactile and proprioceptive information and is analo- gous to the

A)"what" pathway in vision.
B)"where/how" pathway in vision.
C)"when" pathway in vision.

Question 61

The semicircular canals

A)are air-filled chambers in the head.
B)signal head rotation.
C)are found in the cerebral cortex.