Deck 9: Sound and the Ears

Question 1

A(n)tone results from air pressure changes over time that fit a mathematical formula called a sine wave.

A)musical
B)pure
C)impure

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The is filled with perilymph,while the is filled with endolymph.

A)tympanic canal;vestibular canal
B)tympanic canal;cochlear duct
C)cochlear duct;vestibular canal

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The three physical dimensions of sound are

A)amplitude,frequency,and waveform.
B)loudness,frequency,and sound quality.
C)loudness,pitch,and timbre.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The decibel level for the pain threshold is about dB SPL.

A)120
B)60
C)80

Question 5

The tympanic membrane is the oval window.

A)the same diameter as
B)smaller than
C)larger than

Question 6

The audibility curve shows that auditory threshold is minimal for

A)frequencies between about 20 to 60 Hz.
B)frequencies above 10,000 Hz.
C)frequencies between about 500 to 5,000 Hz.

Question 7

The cochlea is part of the

A)outer ear.
B)middle ear.
C)inner ear.

Question 8

The pushes on the oval window.

A)hammer
B)incus
C)stapes

Question 9

______________ is the physical unit of measurement that is logarithmically related to sound pressure mea- sured in micropascals.

A)Decibel
B)Hertz
C)Loudness

Question 10

All other things being equal,a sound pressure wave with a large difference between maximal and minimal sound pressures would sound a sound pressure wave with a small differ- ence between maximal and minimal sound pressures.

A)exactly the same as
B)louder than
C)quieter than

Question 11

The ossicles

A)transmit vibrations to the tympanic membrane from the oval window.
B)transmit and amplify vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
C)transmit and amplify vibrations from the oval window to the round window.

Question 12

The is fluid-filled.

A)outer ear
B)middle ear
C)inner ear

Question 13

The organ of Corti

A)is another name for the helicotrema.
B)is responsible for auditory transduction.
C)is located on the round window.

Question 14

Human speech falls in the range of

A)frequencies between about 2,000 to 60,000 Hz.
B)frequencies above 12,000 Hz.
C)frequencies between about 500 to 5,000 Hz.

Question 15

The frequency of a tone is measured in

A)cycles per mile.
B)cycles per second.
C)miles per hour.

Question 16

Fourier analysis is a mathematical procedure for decomposing a waveform into a collec- tion of .

A)complex;sine waves
B)sine;decibel levels
C)complex;square waves

Question 17

The audibility curve shows that the auditory threshold is greatest for

A)frequencies between about 200 to 600 Hz.
B)frequencies above 10,000 Hz.
C)frequencies between about 500 to 5,000 Hz.

Question 18

The fundamental frequency for harmonics of 200 Hz and 300 Hz would be

A)60 Hz.
B)121 Hz.
C)100 Hz.

Question 19

The ossicles are found in the

A)outer ear.
B)middle ear.
C)inner ear.

Question 20

The auditory canal is part of the

A)outer ear.
B)middle ear.
C)inner ear.

Question 21

A high-fidelity loudspeaker creates sound when a diaphragm in the shape of a flattened cone vibrates back and forth.The forward movement creates compression,and the backward move- ment creates refraction;together these movements create a complete sound pressure cycle.If the cone takes 10 ms to complete one cycle,what is the frequency of the sound being produced?

Question 22

The outer hair cells

A)lack stereocilia unlike the inner hair cells.
B)amplify and sharpen the responses of the inner hair cells.
C)are responsible for auditory transduction.

Question 23

The organ of Corti has three critical components called the inner hair cells,

A)the incus,and the stapes.
B)the basilar membrane,and Reissner's membrane.
C)the outer hair cells,and the tectorial membrane.

Question 24

Shearing force occurs on the stereocilia of the inner hair cells because of movement of the

A)tympanic and basilar membranes.
B)tympanic membrane and the oval window.
C)basilar and tectorial membranes.

Question 25

For frequencies between 4,000 Hz and 8,000Hz,audiograms indicate that

A)30-year-old men hear better than 30-year-old women.
B)40-year-old women hear better than 40-year-old men.
C)60-year-old women hear better than 60-year-old men.

Question 26

The figure shows the auditory thresholds for the basilar membrane and a Type I auditory nerve fiber,and suggests that

A)frequency tuning of Type I auditory nerve fibers can be almost entirely accounted for by frequency tuning of the basilar membrane.
B)frequency tuning of Type I auditory nerve fibers is unrelated to frequency tuning of the basi- lar membrane.
C)movement of the basilar membrane cannot account for activity in Type I auditory nerve fibers.

Question 27

The basilar membrane is at its apex than at its base.

A)thicker and wider
B)thinner,wider,and more flexible
C)wider and less flexible

Question 28

True or False: Any sound source (loudspeaker,human voice,etc. )projects molecules outward,and the sound is heard when those molecules reach a listener's ears.

Question 29

The inner hair cells

A)lack stereocilia.
B)amplify and sharpen the responses of the outer hair cells.
C)are responsible for auditory transduction.

Question 30

The motile response occurs due to the hair cells and serves to the movements of the basilar membrane.

A)inner;magnify
B)outer;magnify
C)inner;reduce

Question 31

The basilar membrane is at its base than at its apex.

A)thicker
B)thinner
C)wider

Question 32

The bending of leads to the release of neurotransmitters generating action potentials in the auditory nerve.

A)the basilar membrane
B)the ossicles
C)stereocilia of the inner hair cells

Question 33

The text describes the as a "relief valve" at the base of the tympanic canal.

A)oval window
B)round window
C)Eustachian tube

Question 34

Inner hair cells ,while outer hair cells .

A)are connected to Type I auditory nerve fibers;are connected to Type II auditory nerve fibers
B)are connected to Type II auditory nerve fibers;are connected to both Type I and Type II auditory nerve fibers
C)have stereocilia in V-shaped clusters;have stereocilia in broader U-shaped clusters

Question 35

When a cello and a trombone play the same musical note what physical property of their sound is alike? What physical property of their sound is different?

Question 36

What is the physiological explanation for why people often chew gum to maintain their hearing and minimize physical discomfort during an airplane takeoff?

Question 37

Georg von Békésy demonstrated how a place code for frequency resulted from movement of the basilar membrane due to differences in along its length.

A)thickness
B)width
C)thickness and width

Question 38

Many high-fidelity musical components have a button labeled "loudness." Pushing this button amplifies low-frequency sounds.From a psychophysical standpoint,why should loudness only be pushed when listening to music at low amplitudes?

Question 39

Shearing force occurs on the stereocilia of because of movements of the basilar and tectorial membranes.

A)inner hair cells
B)outer hair cells
C)both inner and outer hair cells

Question 40

With a code,stimulus frequency is represented by a match between the frequencies of the incoming sound and the timing of action potentials in auditory fibers.

A)place;Type I
B)temporal;Type I
C)either a place or temporal;Type II

Question 41

A pure tone results from air pressure changes over time that fit a mathematical formula called

A)a nonperiodic sound wave.
B)a sine wave.
C)a square wave.

Question 42

______________ is a mathematical procedure for decomposing a complex waveform into a collection of______________.

A)Fourier analysis;sine waves
B)Fourier analysis;decibel levels
C)Equal loudness contour;sine waves

Question 43

The organ of Corti has critical components called the inner hair cells,

A)the incus,and the stapes.
B)the basilar membrane,and Reissner's membrane.
C)the outer hair cells,and the tectorial membrane.

Question 44

The organ of Corti

A)is another name for the malleus,incus,and stapes.
B)sits on the basilar membrane.
C)sits on Reissner's membrane.

Question 45

The frequency of a tone is related to the perceptual dimension of

A)hertz.
B)loudness.
C)pitch.

Question 46

The decibel level for a normal conversation is about db SPL.

A)20
B)60
C)80

Question 47

The name for a persistent perception of a ringing or buzzing in the ear is

A)tinnitus.
B)dynamic range.
C)stereopsis.

Question 48

For frequencies between 4,000 and 8,000 Hz,audiograms indicate that

A)30-year-olds hear better than 60-year-olds.
B)60-year-olds hear better than 40-year-olds.
C)60-year-olds hear as well as 30-year-olds.

Question 49

Which part(s)of the ear would be analogous to structures of the eye (i.e. ,cornea,iris,lens),
excluding the retina? Which part(s)of the ear would be analogous to the retina?

Question 50

What is Fourier analysis? What role does Fourier analysis play in the operation of a cochlear implant?

Question 51

The three perceptual dimensions of sound are

A)amplitude,pitch,and timbre.
B)loudness,frequency,and sound quality.
C)loudness,pitch,and timbre.

Question 52

The ossicles

A)transmit vibrations to the tympanic membrane from the oval window.
B)transmit and amplify vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
C)transmit and amplify vibrations from the oval window to the round window.

Question 53

How does the motion of the basilar membrane provide the basis for the place code for frequency representation?

Question 54

Georg von Békésy demonstrated how a code for frequency resulted from movement along the membrane.

A)temporal;tectorial
B)place;basilar
C)temporal;basilar

Question 55

The audibility curve shows that auditory sensitivity is maximal for

A)frequencies between about 20 to 60 Hz.
B)frequencies above 10,000 Hz.
C)frequencies between about 500 to 5,000 Hz.

Question 56

The ossicles are found in the

A)outer ear.
B)middle ear.
C)inner ear.

Question 57

______________ is the physical unit of sound amplitude.

A)Hertz
B)Decibel
C)Loudness

Question 58

Discuss the roles of outer hair cells and inner hair cells in the process of sound transduction.