Deck 15: Psychotherapy

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding treatment for psychological problems is most accurate?

A)Men are more likely than women to receive therapy.
B)Many people who need therapy don't receive it.
C)Only people who have an identifiable psychological disorder are eligible for therapy.
D)People with less education are more likely to enter therapy than those with more education.

Answer 1

Many people who need therapy don't receive it.

Question 2

The main goal of behavior therapy is to

A)alter the client's brain chemistry by prescribing specific drugs.
B)change the client's thought patterns so that negative emotions can be controlled.
C)alter the problematic behaviors and maladaptive habits of the client.
D)identify the early childhood unconscious conflicts that are the source of the client's symptoms.

Answer 2

alter the problematic behaviors and maladaptive habits of the client.

Question 3

Ms.Harding has a master's degree and usually treats people with vocational or drug problems.Ms.Harding probably is a

A)counselor.
B)clinical psychologist.
C)counseling psychologist.
D)psychiatrist.

Answer 3

counselor.

Question 4

Freud believed that neuroses were caused by

A)negative thinking.
B)classically conditioned fear responses.
C)unresolved conflicts in the unconscious.
D)incongruence between a person's self­concept and reality.

Question 5

Which of the following statements reflects the theoretical difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist?

A)A clinical psychologist can prescribe drugs,but a counseling psychologist can't.
B)A clinical psychologist has a doctorate,whereas a counseling psychologist has a master's degree.
C)Clinical psychologists are trained to provide insight therapy,whereas counseling psychologists are trained to provide behavior therapy.
D)A clinical psychologist specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders,whereas a counseling psychologist specializes in the treatment of everyday adjustment problems.

Question 6

For Freud,the most direct means of access to a patient's innermost conflicts,wishes,and impulses was through

A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)word association.
D)dream interpretation.

Question 7

The prescription of drugs in the treatment of psychological disorders is a feature of

A)insight therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)biomedical therapy.
D)transpersonal therapy.

Question 8

Which of the following concepts is NOT closely associated with psychoanalytic treatment?

A)Dream analysis
B)Free association
C)Negative thinking
D)Unconscious conflict

Question 9

Dr.Benoitte has an MD and usually treats people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.Dr.Benoitte probably is a

A)counselor.
B)clinical psychologist.
C)social worker.
D)psychiatrist.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT among the major approaches to therapy discussed in your textbook?

A)Insight therapies
B)Behavior therapies
C)Biomedical therapies
D)Transpersonal therapies

Question 11

The two most common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are

A)loneliness and phobias.
B)anxiety and depression disorders.
C)low self-esteem and marital conflict.
D)schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Question 12

Dr.Jones has a Ph.D.and usually treats people with depression and phobic disorders.Dr.Jones probably is a

A)counselor.
B)clinical psychologist.
C)social worker.
D)psychiatrist.

Question 13

Andre has recently been prescribed Xanax for a psychological disorder.His treatment includes

A)insight therapy.
B)behavior therapy.
C)biomedical therapy.
D)transpersonal therapy.

Question 14

In their provision of therapy,psychiatrists tend to emphasize __________ treatments.

A)group
B)behavioral
C)biomedical
D)humanistic

Question 15

Which of the following individuals is credited with developing psychoanalysis?

A)Carl Jung
B)Alfred Adler
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Richard Lazarus

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the role of counselors in providing therapy is NOT accurate?

A)Counselors typically have a master's degree.
B)Counselors tend to emphasize the biomedical approach to treatment.
C)Counselors often specialize in particular types of problems,such as marital conflict.
D)Counselors are often found working in schools,colleges,and human service agencies.

Question 17

The goal of insight therapies is to

A)change the patient's undesirable behaviors.
B)intervene in a person's biological functioning.
C)try to understand the nature of the client's difficulties and sort through possible solutions.
D)All of the above are goals of insight therapy.

Question 18

Physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders are called

A)psychiatrists.
B)clinical psychologists.
C)counseling psychologists.
D)There is insufficient information to answer.

Question 19

Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes

A)self-fulfillment.
B)behavioral intervention.
C)self-concept congruency.
D)unconscious conflict.

Question 20

Traditionally,biomedical therapies are usually provided by

A)counselors.
B)psychiatrists.
C)psychologists.
D)social workers.

Question 21

Client-centered therapy was developed by

A)Carl Jung.
B)Aaron Beck.
C)Carl Rogers.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 22

In client-centered therapy,the therapist must demonstrate a complete,nonjudgmental acceptance of the client as a person.This approach is most consistent with which of the following conditions of therapy?

A)Empathy
B)Genuineness
C)Conditional free association
D)Unconditional positive regard

Question 23

________________ is the simultaneous treatment of several clients together.

A)Client-centered therapy
B)Group therapy
C)Insurance fraud
D)Insight therapy

Question 24

Carl's therapist is helping him recognize his strengths and forgive others who have wronged him.His therapist is most likely practicing

A)client-centered therapy.
B)positive psychology.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)none of the above.

Question 25

In _________________,clients relate to their therapist in ways that mimic key relationships in their lives.

A)congruence
B)transference
C)interpretation
D)free association

Question 26

Meagan has been receiving psychotherapy.Lately,she has been showing up late and become hostile to such an extent that it is interfering with her therapy.She is likely showing

A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)interpretation.
D)free association.

Question 27

Which of the following statements about group therapy is NOT accurate?

A)Each participant helps select other members of the group.
B)A therapy group typically consists of 4-12 participants.
C)The participants essentially function as therapists for one another.
D)The leader may share his or her own personal feelings with the group.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the conditions Rogers felt was necessary for a positive therapeutic climate?

A)Empathy
B)Genuineness
C)Conditional free association
D)Unconditional positive regard

Question 29

______________ is an unconscious defense maneuver intended to hinder the progress of therapy.

A)Resistance
B)Transference
C)Interpretation linkage
D)Free association linkage

Question 30

The "descendants" of Freud's classical version of psychoanalysis are collectively known as __________ approaches to therapy.

A)cognitive
B)behavioral
C)client-centered
D)psychodynamic

Question 31

Lenny's therapy is progressing very quickly.Ben feels his therapist reflects Ben's statements with further clarification.Ben is probably in _____________ therapy.

A)psychodynamic
B)client-centered
C)cognitive
D)behavior

Question 32

Paul's father was always very competitive with Paul.Lately,in therapy,Paul has been trying to prove that he makes more money and is smarter than the therapist.Paul is showing

A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)overinterpretation.
D)free association linkage.

Question 33

The view that therapy has historically focused too much on pathology and suffering instead of health and resilience represents

A)psychoanalytic psychology.
B)client-centered psychology.
C)positive psychology.
D)behavioristic psychology.

Question 34

According to Freud,which of the following was/were the "royal road to the unconscious"?

A)The id
B)Dreams
C)Free association
D)Defense mechanisms

Question 35

Because Suzanne has always felt an unconscious rivalry with her mother,she is hostile to her therapist,who is just a little younger than her mother and a female.Suzanne's behavior is most likely a form of

A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)free association.
D)misinterpretation.

Question 36

The benefits of group therapy include all of the following EXCEPT

A)clients learn they are not unique in their problems.
B)interpersonal skills can be improved.
C)it is less effective than individual therapy.
D)the group provides social support.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a central feature of modern psychodynamic therapies?

A)Exploration of avoiding distressing thoughts and feelings
B)Discussion of past experiences
C)Exploration of dreams
D)Counterconditioning

Question 38

According to Carl Rogers,which of the following is the major force promoting healthy change in therapy?

A)A supportive emotional climate
B)The extinction of negative self-talk
C)Conditional positive regard for the client
D)The transference of the client's negative feelings to the therapist

Question 39

In psychoanalysis,free association is used to

A)overcome resistance.
B)explore the unconscious.
C)modify maladaptive habits.
D)clarify clients' feelings about their self­concept.

Question 40

According to the client-centered approach to therapy,personal distress and neurotic anxieties are usually caused by

A)conflicts centering on sex.
B)conflicts centering on psychosocial issues.
C)incongruence between self-concept and reality.
D)maladaptive habits that have been previously reinforced.

Question 41

______________ is a behavior therapy used to reduce clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning.

A)Free association
B)Self-modification
C)Aversion therapy
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 42

The goal of systematic desensitization is to

A)weaken the association between the conditioned stimulus and response.
B)determine if medication is appropriate.
C)find the cause of the problem.
D)do all of the above.

Question 43

_____________ is a behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal behaviors that emphasize shaping,modeling,and behavioral rehearsal.

A)Aversion therapy
B)Self-actualization
C)Social skills training
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 44

The subject of recovered memories controversy involves the recovery of repressed memories

A)from the collective unconscious.
B)of sexual abuse and other childhood trauma.
C)that appear to the client in his or her dreams.
D)of viewing one's parents engaged in coitus.

Question 45

The third step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A)train the client in muscle relaxation.
B)help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C)have the client works though the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D)expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 46

Research indicates that insight therapy is

A)superior to biomedical therapy.
B)superior compared to undergoing no treatment.
C)only temporarily effective.
D)requires years for any noticeable change.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of behavior therapies?

A)Pathological behavior is learned.
B)Pathological behavior can be unlearned.
C)Parents often do not provide enough teaching of proper behaviors.
D)Maladaptive behaviors are results of past conditioning.

Question 48

Evidence on systematic desensitization generally indicates that it is an effective procedure for eliminating

A)negative self-talk.
B)anxieties disorders.
C)depression.
D)drug and alcohol problems.

Question 49

_____________ is a behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response.

A)Free association
B)Self-modification
C)Aversion therapy
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 50

The second step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A)train the client in muscle relaxation.
B)help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C)have the client works though the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D)expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 51

Behavior therapy involves using the principles of _____________ to change problem behavior.

A)operant conditioning
B)classical conditioning
C)observational learning
D)all of the above

Question 52

Insight therapy provides

A)positive effects for a minority of clients.
B)a unified approach to psychotherapeutic mechanisms of action.
C)diverse approaches with common factors.
D)little evidence of any effective treatment.

Question 53

Which of the following has been treated successfully with aversion therapy?

A)Schizophrenia
B)Alcohol dependence
C)Dissociative identity disorder
D)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 54

Behavior therapy emerged from research fostered by which of the following individuals?

A)B.F.Skinner
B)Hans Eysenck
C)Joseph Wolpe
D)All of the above

Question 55

Which of the following is generally NOT considered an advantage of group therapy?

A)Clients come to realize that their unhappiness is not necessarily unique.
B)Group therapy is less expensive for clients.
C)All types of problems are well suited to it.
D)Clients can practice their social skills in a safe environment.

Question 56

Which of the following statements best reflects the current view of psychologists on the issue of recovered memories?

A)Most psychologists accept recovered memories at face value.
B)Psychologists tend to be sharply divided on the issue of repressed memories.
C)Most psychologists blame psychiatrists for "creating" the controversy in the first place.
D)There is very little controversy on the subject.

Question 57

Systematic desensitization was devised by

A)Albert Ellis.
B)Carl Rogers.
C)Joseph Wolpe.
D)Sigmund Freud.

Question 58

Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion regarding the repressed memories controversy?

A)Therapists can unknowingly create false memories in their patients.
B)It seems likely that some cases of recovered memories are authentic.
C)A significant portion of recovered memories of abuse is the product of suggestion.
D)All of the above can reasonably be concluded.

Question 59

The first step in the process of systematic desensitization is to

A)train the client in muscle relaxation.
B)help the client build an anxiety hierarchy.
C)have the client work though the hierarchy and try to remain relaxed.
D)expose the client to mild anxiety-arousing stimuli.

Question 60

Aversion therapy is most closely associated with which of the following processes?

A)Self-actualization
B)Operant conditioning
C)Classical conditioning
D)Observational learning

Question 61

Prozac,which is commonly used to treat depression,belongs to a class of antidepressants called

A)diazepam.
B)MAO inhibitors.
C)atypical antidepressants.
D)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Question 62

Lithium is most frequently used in the treatment of individuals with which of the following disorders?

A)Schizophrenia
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Bulimia nervosa
D)Multiple-personality disorder

Question 63

Biomedical therapies involve

A)complex verbal interactions between therapist and client.
B)active confrontation of clients' inappropriate thought patterns.
C)attempts to manipulate behavior using reward and punishment.
D)physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms.

Question 64

Antipsychotic drugs

A)tend to produce an immediate,but short-lasting,effect.
B)are effective for only a small minority of psychotic patients.
C)are often prescribed even for individuals who have no psychotic disorder.
D)gradually reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.

Question 65

Antipsychotic drugs are a problem because

A)they work in fewer than half the patients.
B)patients frequently suffer overdoses.
C)they work slowly,but do not cause withdrawal symptoms.
D)they have many unpleasant side effects.

Question 66

Kerri's therapist has her practice listening skills in structured,role­playing exercises.Later she is asked to practice these skills with family members,friends,and coworkers.Kerri is likely in a treatment program based on which of the following techniques?

A)Self-modification
B)Aversion therapy
C)Social skills training
D)Systematic desensitization

Question 67

Which of the following is a common side effect of antianxiety drugs?

A)Nausea
B)Depression
C)Drowsiness
D)All of the above

Question 68

Valium,Xanax,and other tranquilizers are most likely to be used to treat which of the following disorders?

A)Depression
B)Schizophrenia
C)Anxiety disorders
D)Multiple personality disorder

Question 69

The main goal of cognitive therapy is to

A)correct clients' habitual thinking errors underlying disorders.
B)uncover unconscious conflicts.
C)provide a supportive environment.
D)foster self-acceptance and personal growth.

Question 70

Ellis's rational­emotive behavior therapy and Beck's cognitive therapy emerged out of

A)social skills training.
B)insight therapy.
C)aversion therapy.
D)desensitization training.

Question 71

_____________ is the treatment of mental disorders with medication.

A)Insight therapy
B)Behavior therapy
C)Psychopharmacotherapy
D)Electroconvulsive shock therapy

Question 72

Behavior therapies are least likely to be effective in the treatment of which of the following?

A)Phobias
B)Drug-related problems
C)Vague feelings of discontent
D)Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 73

____________ drugs are used to relieve tension,apprehension,and nervousness.

A)Antianxiety
B)Antineurotic
C)Antipsychotic
D)Antidepressant

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of therapeutic drug?

A)Antianxiety
B)Antineurotic
C)Antipsychotic
D)Antidepressant

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a possible side effect of second-generation antipsychotics?

A)Vulnerability to diabetes
B)Drowsiness
C)Cardiovascular problems
D)Tardive dyskinesia

Question 76

A therapist openly challenges a client's statement that she is a failure because her boyfriend left her.The client's homework is to record her thoughts throughout the next 3 days regarding her effectiveness in different situations.
This is characteristic of

A)behavior therapy.
B)cognitive therapy.
C)client-centered therapy.
D)psychodynamic therapy.

Question 77

Which of the following statements regarding the evaluation of behavior therapies is accurate?

A)Behavior therapists historically have placed little emphasis on measuring therapeutic outcomes.
B)Behavior therapies are well suited for the treatment of virtually any psychological problem.
C)There is favorable evidence on the efficacy of most of the widely used behavioral interventions.
D)Behavior therapists generally have a difficult time measuring progress due to the nature of their therapeutic goals.

Question 78

Studies suggest that about ______________ of psychotic patients respond favorably to antipsychotic medication.

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 79

The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is to

A)identify unconscious needs and desires through free association.
B)recognize and change negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.
C)help clients think about how therapy might help them.
D)help clients learn how to be of help to others in need of therapy.

Question 80

Which of the following techniques is least likely to be used in social skills training?

A)Shaping
B)Modeling
C)Counterconditioning
D)Behavioral rehearsal