Deck 16: Positive Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following theoretical orientations is most similar to positive psychology?

A)Humanism
B)Behaviorism
C)Psychodynamic
D)Evolutionary

Answer 1

Humanism

Question 2

When people reflect upon past experiences of satisfaction or contentment,they are

A)living in a fantasy.
B)able to recall a subjective state.
C)unable to move from a neutral state to a more positive one if it has been too far in the past.
D)probably suffering from a delusional disorder.

Answer 2

able to recall a subjective state.

Question 3

The most common positive subjective state is

A)happiness.
B)sensual pleasure.
C)job satisfaction.
D)a good relationship.

Answer 3

happiness.

Question 4

Positive subjective experiences tend to be

A)focused in the present.
B)rarely researched.
C)unaffected by sensual pleasures.
D)exclusive to the state of happiness.

Question 5

The positive but private feelings and thoughts people have about themselves and events in their lives are

A)cognitive epiphanies.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)positive subjective experiences.
D)positive individual traits.

Question 6

People's attitudes toward hope,resilience,and spirituality are examples of

A)positive institutions.
B)positive individual traits.
C)positive thinking.
D)positive subjective experiences.

Question 7

Marin wants to study positive psychology.She has determined that her best approach would be to examine research

A)that relates to positive psychology questions,regardless of date of the research.
B)published before 1998.
C)done after 1998.
D)that uses positive psychology in the title of the study.

Question 8

Good moods,happiness,and love are examples of

A)positive individual traits.
B)positive subjective experiences.
C)positive objective experiences.
D)positive thinking.

Question 9

Positive psychology requires a shift in perspective toward

A)blind optimism.
B)the equivalent of putting on rose-colored glasses.
C)helping people harness their strengths,virtues,and other good qualities to enhance their lives.
D)denying that psychological suffering exists.

Question 10

___________ is a social and intellectual movement within the discipline of psychology that focuses on human strengths and how people can flourish and be successful.

A)Behaviorism
B)Cognitive psychology
C)Psychoanalysis
D)Positive psychology

Question 11

The founding of positive psychology has been attributed to

A)a 5-year-old who pointed out that if she could stop whining,her father could stop being a grouch.
B)a past president of the American Psychological Association.
C)an epiphany about how we raise children by nurturing their strengths.
D)all of the above.

Question 12

A person who has low well-being and low mental health is said to be

A)languishing.
B)mentally incompetent.
C)a negative thinker.
D)a zeitgeist.

Question 13

Positive institutions studied in positive psychology include all of the following EXCEPT

A)safe and supportive neighborhoods.
B)close-knit families.
C)all religious institutions.
D)good work environments.

Question 14

According to your text,positive psychology pursues ____________ lines of inquiry.

A)three
B)four
C)five
D)unlimited

Question 15

Martin Seligman developed positive psychology

A)in response to criticism from cognitive psychologists.
B)as a counterweight to the discipline's negatively oriented history.
C)to make the discipline of psychology more popular among the general public.
D)as a political strategy designed to appease nonclinical psychologists.

Question 16

Lianne argued that much of psychology focuses on negative aspects.She is looking for an approach that accepts the reality of negative states,but includes experiences such as awe.Lianne should investigate psychology.

A)cognitive
B)happiology
C)positive
D)Seligism

Question 17

When studying positive psychology,we should look

A)only at new research.
B)both older research and newer research.
C)only at research occurring after 1998.
D)There is no research on positive psychology.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a line of inquiry in positive psychology?

A)Positive subjective experiences
B)Positive individual traits
C)Positive institutions
D)Mental disorders

Question 19

Brian is looking for a safe and supportive community.He is searching for a

A)positive subjective experience.
B)positive individual trait.
C)therapy group.
D)positive institution.

Question 20

Positive psychology has been said to be a change in the __________ for the discipline of psychology.

A)educational requirements
B)zeitgeist
C)diagnosis of disorders
D)research goals

Question 21

_____________ are powerful,largely uncontrollable feelings,accompanied by physiological changes.

A)Positive emotions
B)Emotions
C)Traits
D)Moods

Question 22

Joseph kept thinking about the argument he had the day before.He found himself feeling more and more worried that he had spoken too harshly,replaying the conversation over and over in his mind,thinking about what else he might have said.He is engaged in something called

A)dejection.
B)rumination.
C)depression.
D)mental motion.

Question 23

Flow is the state of being in which a person

A)experiences a physically challenging and intrinsically rewarding activity.
B)becomes fully involved and engaged in the present time by some interesting,challenging,and intrinsically rewarding activity.
C)automatically engages in an activity that requires little thought or focus.
D)engages in a clear distinction between self and environment.

Question 24

The broaden­and­build model proposes that ____________ people's outlooks and then builds on subsequent learning to develop future emotional and intellectual resources.

A)flow broadens
B)negative emotions broaden
C)positive emotions broaden
D)flexibility broadens

Question 25

Positive emotions broaden people's cognitive responses by promoting new and beneficial _______________ in which established ways of positive thinking are associated with particular acts or behaviors.

A)thought-action tendencies
B)emotion-eliciting tendencies
C)specific-action tendencies
D)neutral emotional state tendencies

Question 26

Daniel is in a good mood.He is likely to be all of the following EXCEPT

A)more agreeable.
B)more helpful.
C)more aggressive.
D)a better decision-maker.

Question 27

Positive emotions can broaden people's cognitive responses by promoting beneficial

A)nonspecific action tendencies.
B)broaden-and-build tendencies.
C)thought-action tendencies.
D)specific-action tendencies.

Question 28

Besides good feelings,faster thoughts are also linked with

A)depression.
B)fear.
C)greater risk taking.
D)self-generated mood states.

Question 29

Isen and colleagues found that people who saw a funny film before solving a problem creatively were than those seeing a neutral film.

A)slower at solving the problem
B)faster at solving the problem
C)more likely to solve the problem correctly
D)solved the problem faster,but incorrectly

Question 30

Beth is feeling contented with her life.She is more likely to ________________ than her friend Deanna,who is just going to work and home without much emotional reaction.

A)focus on what makes her happy
B)have a reduced range of possible actions
C)think of future possible activities
D)think of anything that might change her activities

Question 31

According to Pronin and Jacobs,people feel ___________ when thoughts are quick and varied and ____________ when thoughts are plodding and repetitive.

A)excited;anxious
B)elated;dejected
C)depressed;anxious
D)anxious;depressed

Question 32

___________ consist of pleasant responses to events that promote connections with others,including subjective states such as euphoria.

A)Positive emotions
B)Negative emotions
C)Positive moods
D)Negative moods

Question 33

Thoughts that are faster than usual are associated with ____________ moods,and thoughts that are too fast are associated with ___________ moods.

A)positive;manic
B)depressive;manic
C)manic;anxious
D)anxious;manic

Question 34

Fredrickson and Branigan's study found that people who watched a film clip eliciting a feeling _____________ of wrote more items on an activity list afterward than those who viewed a neutral eliciting film.

A)joy
B)anger
C)contentment
D)fear

Question 35

Carol heard a sound in the dark bushes behind her psychology building as she went to her car one evening.She began to feel fear.She was experiencing a

A)negative mood.
B)positive emotion.
C)paranoid state.
D)negative emotion.

Question 36

According to Pronin and Jacobs,thought speed is one property of a more general concept called

A)mental motion.
B)thought variability.
C)affect.
D)mood adjustment.

Question 37

Fredrickson,Joiner,and Levenson have supported the _____________ ,which posits that positive emotions aid the mind and the body by recovering a sense of balance and flexibility following an episode experience of ________________ emotion.

A)undoing hypothesis;positive
B)broaden-and-build model;negative
C)broaden-and-build model;positive
D)undoing hypothesis;negative

Question 38

Individuals who are so happily engaged in a challenging or interesting activity that they seem to "lose themselves" in it are experiencing the psychological phenomenon called

A)flow.
B)positive emotion.
C)oneness.
D)hope.

Question 39

A mood is

A)an emotion.
B)less distinct than an emotion.
C)a specific response to an experience.
D)less long-lasting than an emotion.

Question 40

Joan is relaxing on the beach and feeling contented.She is experiencing

A)zeitgeist.
B)a positive emotion.
C)the negative emotion of worrying about things like skin cancer.
D)a positive mood.

Question 41

Pat is reliable and works to achieve particular ends.Pat is said to possess

A)a positive personality.
B)a subjective state of positivity.
C)similar qualities to most people.
D)positive traits.

Question 42

According to one model of flow,when an activity is monotonous and repetitive,the person is most likely to feel

A)flow.
B)apathy.
C)boredom.
D)anxiety.

Question 43

Some qualities associated with mindful meditation include all of the following EXCEPT

A)nonjudging.
B)trust.
C)sympathy.
D)acceptance.

Question 44

The intensity of savoring is affected by all of the following EXCEPT

A)duration.
B)stress reduction.
C)balanced self-monitoring.
D)simplicity.

Question 45

Positive individual traits

A)are people's expectations that their goals can be achieved in the future.
B)account for why some people are happier and psychologically healthier than other people.
C)are a source of distorted judgment.
D)are a learned state of mind.

Question 46

Eric is a musician who finds playing his violin intrinsically rewarding and at times to fully involve him in the present. This feeling of flow is also described as all of the following EXCEPT

A)losing yourself in an activity.
B)being in the zone.
C)minimalist performance.
D)losing a sense of time.

Question 47

According to a model of the flow state, ________________ exists when challenge is too high.

A)relaxation
B)worry
C)boredom
D)anxiety

Question 48

When flow is achieved,it

A)becomes intrinsically rewarding regardless of the initial reason for the activity.
B)is unlikely to occur again in the same type of activity.
C)is due to an intentional effort.
D)is better to have a high level of skill and low activity for full potential.

Question 49

According to Langer,to become more mindful,people need to do all of the following EXCEPT

A)resist the impulse to reduce or control uncertainty in daily life.
B)ignore novel features in their situations and environment.
C)become less prone to evaluate themselves and others.
D)try to override their propensity to perform automatic behavior.

Question 50

Joseph goes to his activities every day on autopilot.He gets everything done without much thinking and accomplishes a great deal.His state of mind is termed

A)mindfulness.
B)meditation.
C)mindlessness.
D)meaningless.

Question 51

An important quality of positive traits like agreeableness and reliability is the assumption that they can be

A)shared.
B)reciprocated.
C)taught.
D)eliminated.

Question 52

Maryanne was told to take a psychology course for her general education requirements.She didn't think she had any interest in psychology,but went along with the choice for the sake of her class schedule and educational goals.Maryanne has discovered that she reads the text and often forgets about the time when studying.As she writes her final paper,she realizes she has not been bored (as she had feared when signing up)and that she has been challenged to improve her knowledge and abilities.Maryanne has developed something intrinsically rewarded called

A)action capable.
B)skill challenged.
C)flow.
D)a passing grade.

Question 53

________________ refers to a cultivated perspective in which people are sensitive to context and focused on the present.

A)Mindlessness
B)Meditation
C)Mindfulness
D)Meaninglessness

Question 54

Studies by Csikszentmihalyi determined that around _____________ of people never have a flow-like experience.

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)35%

Question 55

One form of ______________ is a disciplined,continuous,and focused contemplation of some object or subject.

A)mindlessness
B)medicated
C)meandering
D)meditation

Question 56

People are most likely to experience flow when they are

A)at work.
B)at play.
C)at home.
D)any of the above.

Question 57

The quality of mindful meditation called _______________ is being both feeling and understanding the situation of another person in the present time.

A)sympathy
B)empathy
C)letting go
D)openness

Question 58

People in a state of mindfulness are most likely to be engaged in which of the following?

A)Performing familiar actions
B)Evaluating the behavior of others
C)Trying to reduce the uncertainty in a situation
D)Noticing novel features of a situation

Question 59

To find flow naturally and develop your creative potential,you must find

A)an activity that is not too difficult.
B)a challenging activity that matches your skill level.
C)a challenging activity that is higher than your skill level.
D)any activity you find engaging.

Question 60

In positive psychology,the term ______________ refers to the power to focus on,value,and even boost the enjoyment of almost any experience.

A)resilience
B)savoring
C)mindfulness
D)hope

Question 61

_____________ refer(s) primarily to what people do in a religious community,whereas ___________ refers to the human need for a deeper meaning.

A)Religion;spirituality
B)Spirituality;religion
C)Religious behaviors;religion
D)Religion;religion

Question 62

______________ is a positive individual trait that refers to people's expectations that their goals can be achieved in the future.

A)Wishful thinking
B)Agency
C)Pathway
D)Hope

Question 63

According to Snyder,goal-directed expectations have two components of

A)hope and resilience.
B)gratitude and spirituality.
C)positive individual traits and hope.
D)agency and pathways.

Question 64

According to research by Wrzesniewski,people view their chosen occupations in the following ways:

A)just a job,a career,personal pride.
B)a career,personal pride,a calling.
C)just a job,a career,a calling.
D)a career,done for pay,a calling.

Question 65

______________ is a positive trait typified by recognizing and concentrating on the good things in one's life and being thankful for them.

A)Hope
B)Spirituality
C)Resilience
D)Gratitude

Question 66

________________ are organizations that cultivate civic virtues,encouraging people to behave like good citizens while promoting the collective good.

A)Socialist institutions
B)Theoretical institutions
C)Positive institutions
D)Positive subjective experiences

Question 67

School satisfaction is composed of

A)both cognition and affect.
B)what students believe regarding educational experiences and cognition.
C)students' reported frequency of positive emotions and affect.
D)emphasizing what is wrong with current educational efforts.

Question 68

Denise lost her home and all her belongings in a flood.She recognized that her family and others she knows are the most important things in her life.She feels ready to start a new life with her family.This is an example of

A)posttraumatic growth.
B)unrealistic thinking.
C)shock disorder.
D)learned helplessness.

Question 69

People who have the positive individual trait of ______________ possess a belief that life has transcendent or nonphysical qualities that are worth seeking and exploring.

A)resilience
B)spirituality
C)hope
D)religiosity

Question 70

Months after going through a painful divorce,Bridget describes the event as "the best thing that ever happened to me." Bridget's characterization of the divorce as a positive experience can best be explained by which of the following concepts?

A)Hope
B)Capitalization
C)Posttraumatic growth
D)Mindfulness

Question 71

A best part of gratitude is that it

A)is easy to express.
B)is a virtue.
C)can be performed almost anytime or anywhere.
D)is all of the above.

Question 72

______________ involve(s) a person's judgment that his or her goals can be achieved and _______________ refer(s) to beliefs that successful plans can be crafted to reach the goal.

A)Pathways;optimism
B)Agency;optimism
C)Agency;pathways
D)Pathways;agency

Question 73

In order to stop trying to control life,when it is full of inevitable change,Buddhism advocates

A)accepting suffering as part of life.
B)awareness and detachment.
C)greater control over oneself and environment.
D)keeping things as stable and predictable as possible.

Question 74

The assumption that the meaning in life involves something larger than the self or one's own existence is

A)religion.
B)hope.
C)spirituality.
D)religious behavior.

Question 75

Positive psychologists are interested in spirituality because

A)it is an area of study that has many mental disorders associated with it.
B)people need to be redirected from religion to science in a positive way.
C)it offers insights concerning the human pursuit of happiness and pleasure.
D)religion replaces the need for social support.

Question 76

The aspect of posttraumatic growth that involves greater willingness to take life easier is called

A)perceptual change.
B)relationship change.
C)life priority change.
D)self-confidence change.

Question 77

Phyllis believes her work with the guild is meeting the needs of the workers in her community and serves a social purpose.She most likely sees her job as

A)just a job.
B)a career.
C)a calling.
D)a personal responsibility.

Question 78

___________ is a positive trait that is a person's ability to recover and often prosper following some consequential life event.

A)Hope
B)Gratitude
C)Resilience
D)Optimism

Question 79

Quinn works for a company that focuses on nurturing coworkers and doing volunteer work together outside of work hours.The company supports this atmosphere and helps provide funding for the volunteer activities when supplies are required.Quinn most likely works for

A)low pay.
B)a positive institution.
C)a government agency.
D)a school.

Question 80

______________ dedicated to studying beneficial human strengths and competencies and how they can be advanced,evaluated,and managed as a means to improve worker performance in businesses and organizations.

A)Positive organizational behavior is
B)Positive institutions are
C)Positive psychologists are
D)Positivity is