Deck 5: Psychology and Physical Health

Question 1

Which of the following has been found to impair immune functioning in animals?

A)Shock
B)Restraint
C)Crowding
D)All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the Type A personality?

A)Hostile
B)Patient
C)Permissive
D)Cooperative

Answer 2

Hostile

Question 3

The evidence linking psychological factors to the onset of cancer is

A)strong.
B)moderate.
C)extremely weak.
D)nonexistent;little research has been done.

Answer 3

extremely weak.

Question 4

________ refers to malignant cell growth,which may occur in many organ systems in the body.

A)Cancer
B)Atherosclerosis
C)Myocardial ischemia
D)Coronary heart disease

Question 5

Which of the following is known to be the principal cause of coronary heart disease?

A)Diabetes
B)Atherosclerosis
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 6

A heart attack is called

A)atherosclerosis.
B)coronary heart disease.
C)a myocardial ischemia.
D)a myocardial infarction.

Question 7

The leading cause of death in North America is

A)suicide.
B)homicide.
C)heart disease.
D)automobile accidents.

Question 8

is the gradual narrowing of the coronary arteries.

A)Cancer
B)Influenza
C)Atherosclerosis
D)Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 9

Bobby tends to suppress or hold back his feelings.He is more likely to about ________ events.

A)ruminate
B)have heightened negative feelings
C)be depressed
D)all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following characteristics is least closely associated with the Type B personality?

A)Patient
B)Easy-going
C)Competitive
D)Relatively relaxed

Question 11

Hank continually loses his temper when waiting in lines.He has very little patience for other people and is driven to be highly successful.Hank's personality is called

A)Type A
B)Type AeH
C)Hostile subtype
D)Domineering subtype

Question 12

The name of the condition when the heart is temporarily deprived of adequate blood flow is

A)atherosclerosis.
B)coronary heart disease.
C)myocardial ischemia.
D)myocardial infarction.

Question 13

The Type A behavior pattern of anger and hostility is most closely linked to which of the following physical ailments?

A)Cancer
B)Asthma
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Coronary heart disease

Question 14

Beth's doctor says she is at a high risk for coronary disease.This is most likely related to her

A)smoking.
B)high blood pressure.
C)diabetes.
D)all of the above.

Question 15

Recent studies suggest that ________ may be more important for coronary risk than other elements of the Type A personality.

A)ambition
B)anger and hostility
C)strong competitive orientation
D)impatience and time urgency

Question 16

Living alone following a cardiac event __________ a person's risk for a subsequent heart attack.

A)decreases
B)increases
C)is unrelated to
D)is equal to

Question 17

Which component of Type A behavior seems to be most responsible for the increased rate of heart attacks?

A)Anger and hostility
B)Highly driven work goals
C)Competitiveness
D)Impatience and time urgency

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the Type B personality?

A)Impatient
B)Easy-going
C)Competitive
D)Time-conscious

Question 19

The immune response is

A)a series of steps taken by Type A personalities.
B)the body's defensive reaction to invasion.
C)one of the isolation effects of depression.
D)none of these.

Question 20

Depression _________ one's chance of developing heart disease.

A)increases slightly
B)doubles
C)decreases
D)is unrelated to

Question 21

In our society,alcohol is associated with which of the following crimes?

A)Murder
B)Child abuse
C)Intimate partner abuse
D)All of the above

Question 22

People have a tendency to _______ the risk of their own health-impairing habits,and ________ the risks associated with others' self­destructive behaviors.

A)overestimate;underestimate
B)underestimate;overestimate
C)accurately view;overestimate
D)underestimate;accurately view

Question 23

Who is most likely to have an impact on his or her immune function?

A)Ray,whose wife died
B)Janet,whose house burned down
C)George,who totaled his car
D)Beatrice,who cares for her child with cerebral palsy

Question 24

On college campuses,alcohol appears to contribute to about ________ of student rapes.

A)20%
B)50%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 25

Researchers have found that in terms of their weight,adult adoptees tend to resemble their ______ more than their ______.

A)adoptive parents;biological parents
B)biological parents;adoptive parents
C)adoptive siblings;biological siblings
D)biological siblings;adoptive siblings

Question 26

Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of such diseases as lung cancer,atherosclerosis,and emphysema?

A)Obesity
B)Smoking
C)Poor nutrition
D)Lack of exercise

Question 27

Excessive drinking is correlated with which of the following?

A)Heart disease
B)Stomach cancer
C)Cirrhosis of the liver
D)All of the above

Question 28

The most likely explanation for people's tendency to act in self­destructive ways is that

A)people have an innate desire for sensation-seeking.
B)most people tend to believe that bad things happen to bad people.
C)many health-impairing habits involve activities that are quite pleasant at the time.
D)people engage in health­impairing behavior "on the spur of the moment," without giving much thought to the consequences.

Question 29

In the United States,people with higher levels of education are _________ likely to smoke than those with lower levels of education.

A)more for males;less for females
B)less for males;more for females
C)more
D)less

Question 30

In the United States,about ______ % of females and _________ % of males smoke.

A)18;24
B)26;21
C)15;30
D)30;30

Question 31

Which of the following health problems is NOT linked to stress?

A)Common cold
B)Herpes virus
C)Complications of pregnancy
D)All of the above may be linked to stress.

Question 32

Typically,people are considered obese if their weight exceeds their ideal body weight by

A)20%.
B)40%.
C)60%.
D)80%.

Question 33

Health risks after quitting smoking decline until they reach a normal level after about

A)1 year.
B)5 years.
C)10 years.
D)15 years.

Question 34

Which of the following is considered one of the common warning signs of alcoholism?

A)Serving alcoholic drinks to close relatives
B)Frequently drinking to deal with stress or worry
C)Having several drinks at a social gathering
D)Drinking alcohol openly

Question 35

Researchers have found a correlation between reduced immune activity and scores on

A)the Wechsler Intelligence Scale.
B)the Somatic Rating Scale.
C)several occupational interest inventories.
D)the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

Question 36

Research shows that smoking increases the likelihood of developing

A)cancers of the pancreas,larynx,and bladder.
B)cardiovascular diseases.
C)pulmonary diseases.
D)all of the above.

Question 37

Research shows that long-term success rates for efforts to quit smoking are about

A)10%.
B)25%.
C)50%.
D)80%.

Question 38

Weight tends to remain stable as long as there are no long-term factors that influence it.This theory is called

A)wishful thinking.
B)settling-point.
C)inertia.
D)durability.

Question 39

Studies of the immune system in humans have found that stress

A)has very little effect on immune activity.
B)can lead to the destruction of lymphocytes.
C)is related to increased levels of immune activity.
D)is related to decreased levels of immune activity.

Question 40

The strength of the relationship between stress and health is

A)very weak.
B)weak.
C)modest.
D)strong.

Question 41

In order to lose one pound,you need to burn up _______ more calories than you consume.

A)500
B)1,000
C)3,500
D)5,000

Question 42

High caffeine consumption is likely to elevate one's risk for

A)depression.
B)hypertension.
C)prostate cancer.
D)all of the above.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT good advice for devising an exercise program?

A)Increase your participation gradually.
B)Exercise regularly without overdoing it.
C)Look for an activity that you will find enjoyable.
D)You should try to "exercise through" any minor injuries.

Question 44

________ provide(s) roughage that facilitates digestion.

A)Fiber
B)Protein
C)Vitamins
D)Minerals

Question 45

__________ is a collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the materials required for survival and growth.

A)Biopsychology
B)Nutrition
C)Acculturation
D)Mitochondria

Question 46

Harry wants to lose 50 pounds.Most experts would recommend that he should

A)sharply increase his exercise.
B)sharply reduce his food intake.
C)decrease his food intake and increase his exercise,both in moderate ways.
D)sharply increase his exercise while simultaneously reducing his food intake dramatically.

Question 47

An exercise activity that you find enjoyable

A)is likely to increase the physical benefits of exercise.
B)makes it easier to follow through and exercise regularly.
C)tends to detract from the psychological benefits of exercise.
D)reduces the likelihood that you'll get caught in the "competition trap."

Question 48

Eric has been feeling depressed and has a lot of tension and anxiety while he looks for a new job.He thinks regular exercise will be of benefit.Given the research,what would you tell him?

A)He's right.Research supports his assumptions.
B)He's right.He needs to get in better shape to get a job.
C)He's wrong.People who are depressed can only be helped by medication.
D)He's wrong.Exercise has nothing to do with improving moods.

Question 49

It's a good idea to increase consumption of healthy carbohydrates,natural sugars,and ample fiber.You can do this by eating more food from which of the following groups?

A)Breads and cereals
B)Fish,chicken,turkey
C)Milk and milk products
D)Fruits,vegetables,whole grains

Question 50

In order to foster sound nutrition,one should increase consumption of all but which of the following?

A)Saturated fats
B)Foods with fiber
C)Whole-grain carbohydrates
D)Polyunsaturated fats

Question 51

The main function of vitamins and minerals is to

A)strengthen the immune system.
B)provide energy sources for the body.
C)help release energy from other foods.
D)provide roughage to facilitate digestion.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient essential for physical well-being?

A)Fats
B)Starchoglycens
C)Proteins
D)Carbohydrates

Question 53

__________ is a disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus.

A)HIV
B)Hemophilia
C)Myocardial ischemia
D)Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 54

Which of the following nutritional habits can increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases and health problems?

A)High-salt diets
B)High-fat diets
C)Low-fiber diets
D)All of the above

Question 55

To affect mortality rates,people need to exercise

A)strenuously on a daily basis.
B)moderate activity for half an hour,five days a week.
C)strenuously once a week.
D)carefully for the first year.

Question 56

Treatment with which of the following has recently been found to hold promise for substantially longer survival for AIDS victims?

A)Prozac
B)Exhibitory retrovirus therapy
C)Intease inhibitors
D)Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Question 57

_________ may increase one's risk for cardiovascular disease.

A)Eating fish
B)Consuming omega 3 fatty acids
C)Avoiding processed meats
D)Eating a low-fiber diet

Question 58

Ahmed maintains a diet high in serum cholesterol,eating an abundance of eggs,cheese,butter,and shellfish. Ahmed may well be increasing his risk of

A)arthritis.
B)emphysema.
C)cardiovascular disease.
D)all of the above.

Question 59

Recent studies suggest that physical fitness is associated with a decreased risk for which of the following?

A)Colon cancer in men
B)Breast cancer in women
C)Reproductive cancer in women
D)All of the above

Question 60

AIDS is the final stage of the HIV infection process,which typically manifests itself about _______ years after the original infection.

A)1-2
B)3-6
C)7-10
D)11-15

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT considered a common barrier to effective provider-patient communication?

A)Many providers use too much medical jargon.
B)Medical visits are usually very brief,allowing little time for discussion.
C)Some patients are evasive about their real concerns because they fear a serious diagnosis.
D)Many patients challenge the doctor's authority.

Question 62

When long-term treatments are needed for chronic illness,noncompliance with medical advice occurs

A)less than 10% of the time.
B)30% of the time.
C)50% of the time.
D)70% of the time.

Question 63

Betty needed short­term treatment for her broken arm.If she does not comply with her doctor's advice,she will be like

A)all other patients.
B)70% of patients.
C)50% of patients.
D)30% of patients.

Question 64

People are most likely to follow the instructions they receive from healthcare professionals when

A)the instructions are punctuated with impressive medical jargon.
B)there is a positive attitude toward the physician forming a working alliance.
C)they don't fully understand the instructions,but feel the need to do something.
D)all of the above.

Question 65

Noncompliance with instructions received from physicians

A)accounts for the vast majority of serious illnesses in our society.
B)may be due to the patients' failure to understand the instructions.
C)is generally caused by lack of confidence in the medical delivery system.
D)is not a major factor in the medical care system.

Question 66

HIV can be transmitted

A)through the exchange of bodily fluids,especially semen and blood.
B)by the sharing of needles by intravenous drug users.
C)through unprotected sexual contact with affected individuals.
D)through all of the above means.

Question 67

When a person must continue to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal illness,the person has developed

A)abuse.
B)tolerance.
C)physical dependence.
D)psychological dependence.

Question 68

Worldwide,which of the following is the most common mode of transmission of the HIV virus?

A)Sharing food
B)Heterosexual relations
C)Sexual contact among homosexual men
D)The sharing of needles by intravenous drug users

Question 69

Patients are more likely to follow prescribed treatments when their physicians

A)do follow-ups.
B)are the same sex as the patient.
C)hold degrees in the relevant areas of medicine.
D)provide the patient with written instructions.

Question 70

Which of the following is good advice for minimizing the risk of developing AIDS?

A)You should have sexual contact with fewer partners.
B)You should use condoms to control semen exchange.
C)You should curtail sexual behaviors that increase the probability of mixing semen and blood.
D)All of the above statements constitute good advice.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of playing the "sick role"?

A)Exemption from normal obligations and duties
B)Delayed professional care
C)Convenient excuses for failures
D)Attention and sympathy from others

Question 72

When a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy an intense emotional and mental craving,the person has developed

A)abuse.
B)tolerance.
C)physical dependence.
D)psychological dependence.

Question 73

Highly active antiretroviral therapy treatment for AIDS

A)is highly effective in lengthening survival.
B)has undetermined long-term efficacy.
C)has adverse side effects.
D)is all of the above.

Question 74

George has decided to seek medical treatment for a severe rash that has remained for 3 days.His decision involves

A)identifying symptoms as an indication of illness.
B)deciding it warrants medical attention.
C)arranging the care appointment and time.
D)all of the above.

Question 75

People who are eager to seek medical care are most likely to be which of the following?

A)Highly psychotic
B)High in extroversion
C)High in neuroticism
D)High in sensation-seeking

Question 76

Doctors and nurses often

A)believe their explanations are clear.
B)speak in simple terms.
C)underestimate their patients' understanding.
D)do not care if instructions are followed properly.

Question 77

Tolerance involves

A)physical dependence on a drug.
B)psychological dependence on a drug
C)gradual increase in responsiveness to a drug with continued use.
D)progressive decrease in responsiveness to a drug with continued use.

Question 78

Which of the following statements about AIDS is accurate?

A)Having AIDS and being infected with HIV are basically the same thing.
B)People who donate blood on a regular basis are in danger of contracting AIDS.
C)AIDS can be readily transmitted through casual contact with infected individuals.
D)HIV carriers often remain healthy and symptom-free for many years after they are infected.

Question 79

HIV infection transmission is ________ in male-to-female compared with female-to-male relations.

A)equally likely
B)about eight times more likely
C)rare
D)about eight times less likely

Question 80

For which of the following reasons is someone most likely to play the sick role?

A)To escape the demands of others
B)To deflect attention from themselves
C)To establish the basis for a malpractice lawsuit
D)To continue to receive medical insurance payments