Deck 5: The Sources of Knowledge

Question 1

The critical realists rejected Locke's epistemology.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Leibniz held that innate ideas were tendencies.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Locke believed that there was no difference between primary and secondary qualities.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Anne Conway was an empiricist.

Question 5

Berkeley was an empiricist.

Question 6

Martin Luther launched the Protestant revolution.

Question 7

Berkeley was an atheist.

Question 8

What, according to Shankara, was real?

A) The self
B) The world
C) Ultimate reality
D) Ultimate knowledge

Question 9

Descartes' methodological point of departure was

A) Empiricism
B) Rationalism
C) Skepticism
D) Theism

Question 10

Personal memory is

A) our ability to remember how to do something that we learned in the past.
B) is our ability to remember all the facts that make up our knowledge of the world.
C) our ability to bring into our present consciousness a representation of events that we directly experienced in the past.
D) our ability to bring into our present consciousness a representation of imaginary beings.

Question 11

Locke was an empiricist.

Question 12

Who was a Romantic philosopher?

A) Kant
B) Copernicus
C) Hegel
D) Humboldt

Question 13

Carried to an extreme Berkeley's thinking can become

A) Rationalism
B) Atheism
C) Solipsism
D) Materialism

Question 14

Who did not rely on God to save him from skepticism?

A) Descartes
B) Locke
C) Berkeley
D) Hume

Question 15

Who claimed that the claim that the world must conform to the mind was a kind of Copernican revolution in knowledge?

A) Hume
B) Locke
C) Descartes
D) Kant

Question 16

Who offered a view now termed transcendental idealism?

A) Kant
B) Berkeley
C) Hume
D) Locke

Question 17

According to Kant, statements that give us information about the world are

A) Synthetic statements
B) Analytic statements
C) Skeptical statements
D) Agnostic statements

Question 18

Descartes believed that all of our knowledge was derived from our senses.

Question 19

Who compared the mind to a blank slate?

A) John Locke
B) Francis Bacon
C) Rene Descartes
D) Thomas Aquinas

Question 20

Rationalism is the view that

A) All knowledge is acquired through reason
B) No knowledge can be acquired through the senses
C) Reason can arrive at some knowledge
D) Reason can arrive at all knowledge

Question 21

The British empiricists, according to your text, are

A) John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume
B) Robert Nozick, George Berkeley, and John Locke
C) Robert Nozick, John Locke and David Hume
D) Robert Nozick, David Hume, and George Berkeley

Question 22

Innate ideas are ideas that

A) are acquired through experience.
B) based on an individual's cultural traditions.
C) can never be known to be true.
D) the mind possesses from birth.

Question 23

Whose theories were accepted by Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf?

A) Hume's
B) Kant's
C) Humboldt's
D) Hopi's

Question 24

What philosopher argues that space and time are structures within our minds?

A) Immanuel Kant
B) David Hume
C) John Locke
D) Gottfried Leibniz

Question 25

The empricist believes that

A) the only source of genuine knowledge is sense experience.
B) apart from experience, reason is an unreliable and inadequate route to knowledge.
C) there is no evidence of innate ideas within the mind.
D) all of these choices

Question 26

According to Jainism, the practice of is key to our future liberation. It basically means the avoidance of all aggression, injury, or harm to other living things.

A) ahimsa
B) empiricism
C) rationalism
D) satyagraha

Question 27

Descartes' methodological departure is an attitude of and skepticism.

Question 28

In Hume's philosophy, all the contents of our mind can be reduced to those given by the senses and experience. He calls these

A) perceptions.
B) images.
C) sense data.
D) brain waves.

Question 29

According to Locke's analysis, a primary quality of an apple might be

A) its red color.
B) its roundness.
C) its smoothness.
D) its smell.

Question 30

What philosopher argued that hallucinations, dreams and other illusions give rise to errors that we "sublate" when we see that they are contradicted by other things our senses show us in the world around us?

A) G. W. F. Hegel
B) Rene Descartes
C) Shankara
D) John Locke

Question 31

Descartes argued that human beings are born with ideas of the three fundamental kinds of things in the universe:

A) sense perception, ideas and concepts.
B) God, minds and material bodies.
C) understanding, sense perception and material bodies.
D) God, material bodies and properties of material bodies.

Question 32

Critical realists hold that only is present in the consciousness of objects.

Question 33

Whose language makes them see and feel time as cyclic?

A) Navajo
B) Hopi
C) Brahmins
D) Jains

Question 34

The argument, "The three Toyota Corollas I've owned turned out to be pretty reliable, so I think all Toyota Corollas are going to be reliable." is an example of a(n)

A) deductive generalization.
B) inductive generalization.
C) genetic fallacy.
D) abusive ad hominem.

Question 35

What philosopher argued that scientific claims or hypotheses must be capable of being falsified through empirical observations?

A) William Whewell
B) John Stuart Mill
C) Karl Popper
D) Isaac Newton

Question 36

Locke held that qualities are subjective.

Question 37

"All triangles have three sides" is an example of a(n) statement.

A) analytic
B) synthetic
C) a posteriori
D) analytic a posteriori

Question 38

George Berkeley called his position

A) skepticism.
B) rationalism.
C) materialism.
D) immaterialism.

Question 39

Knowledge that does not depend on sense experience is ____________________ ____________________
knowledge.

Question 40

What philosopher argued that the language of each culture contains the basic categories and structures that the people of that culture use to understand and organize their experience?

A) Immanuel Kant
B) Wilhelm von Humboldt
C) Francis Bacon
D) John Stuart Mill

Question 41

In what way does Descartes' rationalism require the existence of a benevolent God? Do you believe that Descartes has successfully established the existence of this God, or do you think that his arguments for God's existence are circular, resting as they do on his "clear and distinct" perceptions whose veridicality seems to be given by God's benevolence?

Question 42

Are there any differences between Descartes' skepticism and that of Hume? If you think that there are, outline them, and explain how they might have contributed to the different epistemological views of these two philosophers. If you think that there are no such differences between the skepticisms of these two philosophers, provide an explanation of how their respective epistemologies are so different from each other.

Question 43

developed the view that is now known as transcendental idealism.

Question 44

claimed that both rationalists and empiricists take partial notions for real parts.

Question 45

Theories like Kant's are sometimes called theories as they hold that we put reality together.

Question 46

What are the problems faced by inductionism? Do you believe that they can be solved? Explain your answer.

Question 47

is the view that only I exist and that everything else is just a creation of my subjective consciousness.

Question 48

In what way does Kant's account of knowledge combine elements of both rationalism and empiricism? Do you believe that Kant is successful in overcoming Humean skepticism? Explain your answer.

Question 49

Kant claims that the reality we perceive is one that our own reason constructs. Does this make him a subjectivist, or
not? Explain your answer.