Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

According to Cressey, the perceived opportunity to commit fraud consists of two elements: general information and technical skill.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The basic tenet of Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association is that crime is passed on genetically; that is, the offspring of criminals commit crimes because their parents did.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In a study by Steve Albrecht, Marshall Romney, and Keith Howe, participants were asked to rank characteristics of the organizational environment that contributed to fraud. The highest ranked factor was:

A) Lack of clear lines of authority
B) Inadequate attention to detail
C) Lack of an internal audit function
D) Placing too much trust in key employees

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Research in the Hollinger-Clark study suggests that the best way to deter employee theft is by:

A) Increasing sanctions imposed on occupational fraudsters
B) Increasing the perception of detection
C) Strengthening internal controls
D) Communicating the organization's fraud policies to employees

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order for a fraud examiner to interview witnesses?

A) Corroborative witnesses, neutral third-parties, co-conspirators, suspect
B) Suspect, co-conspirators, corroborative witnesses, neutral third-parties
C) Neutral third-parties, corroborative witnesses, co-conspirators, suspect
D) Suspect, corroborative witnesses, co-conspirators, neutral third-parties

Question 6

In a fraud examination, evidence is usually gathered in a manner that moves from general to specific.

Question 7

Predication, although important, is not required in a fraud examination.

Question 8

In the 2010 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, the category that committed the smallest percentage of occupational fraud was:

A) Managers
B) Employees
C) Owners/Executives

Question 9

Fraud examination differs from auditing in that fraud examination is:

A) Recurring
C)General in scope
D) All of the above

Question 10

The discipline of fraud examination includes all of the following except:

A) Writing investigative reports
B) Determining the guilt of the suspect
C) Testifying to findings
D) Interviewing witnesses

Question 11

Who developed the Fraud Scale?

A) Joseph T. Wells
B) W. Steve Albrecht
C) Richard C. Hollinger
D) Donald R. Cressey

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the legs of the Fraud Triangle?

A) Situational environment
B) Perceived non-sharable financial need
C) Perceived opportunity
D) Rationalization

Question 13

In the 2010 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, the median loss in schemes committed by males was higher than the median loss in schemes committed by females.

Question 14

In order to prove that fraud occurred, four elements must be present. Which of the following is not one of those elements?

A) A material false statement
B) Knowledge that the statement was false
C) Reliance on the false statement by the victim
D) Intent to cause the victim damages

Question 15

In a study by Steve Albrecht, Marshall Romney, and Keith Howe, participants were asked to rank personal characteristics as motivating factors that contributed to fraud. The highest ranked factor was:

A) Undue family or peer pressure
B) Lack of recognition of job performance
C) Living beyond one's means
D) Lack of appreciation by management

Question 16

Which of the following is not a part of the fraud theory approach?

A) Analyze available data.
B) Develop "what-if" scenarios.
C) Identify who committed the fraud.
D) Refine the hypothesis.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the objective of a fraud examination?

A) To make recommendations to management about how to prevent fraud
B) To determine whether financial statements are free of misstatements due to fraud
C) To express an opinion on the guilt or innocence of a suspect
D) To determine whether a crime has been committed, and if so, who is responsible

Question 18

In the 2010 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, most frauds were initially detected during an external audit.

Question 19

Once sufficient predication has been established, what is the first step a fraud examiner following the fraud theory approach should take?

A) Create a hypothesis.
B) Analyze data.
C) Interview witnesses.
D) Interview the suspect.

Question 20

According to the results of the Hollinger-Clark study, employees steal primarily because of:

A) Job dissatisfaction
B) Greed
C) Informal organizational structures
D) Economic pressures

Question 21

While conducting a routine internal audit, Sally Franks overheard one of the company's purchasing agents bragging about receiving a substantial discount on a new SUV from the company's supplier of fleet cars. Is there sufficient predication to initiate a fraud examination?

A) Yes
B) No

Question 22

Richard Moore is the controller for Ajax Company. Recently, he suffered several large losses at the race track, causing him to incur enormous personal debts. Which type of non-sharable financial problem best describes Richard's situation?

A) Business reversal
B) Physical isolation
C) Violation of ascribed obligations
D) Status gaining

Question 23

Joel Baker, a customer of ABC Electronics, stole a box containing computer games while the sales associate waited on another customer. Which of the following could Joel be charged with?

A) Larceny
B) Embezzlement
C) Fraud
D) All of the above

Question 24

Samantha Lewis, CFE, is conducting an investigation into possible skimming of the accounts receivable at Southwest Paint and Supply Co. If Lewis plans to interview all of the following parties, whom should she interview first?

A) Marie Riley, the primary suspect
B) Jose Rodriguez, an accounts receivable clerk who filled in for Riley while she was on vacation
C) Sean Miles, a regular customer of the company, whose complaint about his account balance prompted the investigation
D) Thomas Banks, Riley's supervisor, who is suspected of helping Riley cover up the fraud in exchange for a portion of the proceeds

Question 25

Eddie Dolan is the manager of shipping and receiving and has been working at the UFA Company for twenty years. He rarely calls in sick and gets good performance reviews every year. For the past year, his wife's company, ABC Co., has been in serious financial trouble. ABC Co. likely will not be able to make the payroll for next month and may have to close down. Which leg of the Fraud Triangle best applies to Dolan's situation?

A) Motive
B) Perceived opportunity
C) Rationalization
D) Non-sharable financial need

Question 26

Alice Durant works in the accounts payable department for the BC Group. She recently found out that Della Granger, another A/P clerk, received a bigger raise than she did, even though Durant has been with the company longer and frequently has to correct Granger's errors. Which leg of the Fraud Triangle best applies to Durant's situation?

A) Motive
B) Perceived opportunity
C) Rationalization
D) Non-sharable financial need

Question 27

In the 2010 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, most perpetrators of fraud had been previously charged with or convicted of a fraud-related offense.

Question 28

When Jill Michaels, an assistant to the director of procurement, moved into her new home, she used the company's flat bed truck to move her furnishings on an afternoon when her boss was out of town. Which of the following best describes Michael's act?

A) Fraud
B) Abuse
C) Embezzlement
D) Larceny

Question 29

In the 2010 Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, fraudulent financial statements schemes had a higher median loss than asset misappropriation and corruption schemes.

Question 30

Arthur Baxter, a manager in records retention for SWC Company, has ordered seven laptop computers for his department, even though he only has five employees. In addition to each laptop, he ordered extra copies of several software programs. When the equipment arrives, Baxter sends one of the extra laptops to his son who is a freshman at Eastern University and sells three of the original software packages to friends. Which of the following offenses could Baxter be charged with?

A) Larceny
B) Embezzlement
C) Conversion
D) All of the above